var context = new Models.EntitiesConnection();
var query = context.Posts.Select(pst => new {
             id = pst.id, 
             Title = pst.Title, 
             GNames = pst.GroupsDetails.Select(grd => new { Name = grd.PostGroup.name }) 
             })
             .OrderByDescending(c => c.id)
             .ToList();

public bool myfunc(List<Post> query)
        {
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
            .....  string title =  item.Title;
            }
...return true;
        }
.
.
.

var context = new Models.EntitiesConnection();
var queryx = context.Posts.ToList();
.... myfunc(queryx );

        public static List<T> CreateGenericListFromAnonymous<T>(object obj, T example)
        {
            return (List<T>)obj;
        }
        public static IEnumerable<T> CreateEmptyAnonymousIEnumerable<T>(T example)
        {
            return new List<T>(); ;
        }

////

        public bool myfunc(object query)
        {
            var cquery = CreateGenericListFromAnonymous(query, 
                              new { 
                                       id = 0, 
                                       Title = string.Empty, 
                                       GNames = CreateEmptyAnonymousIEnumerable(new { Name = string.Empty }) 
                              });
            foreach (var item in cquery)
            {
                string title = item.Title;
                foreach (var gname in item.GNames)
                {
                    string gn = gname.Name;
                }
.
.
.
            }
            return false;
        }

.
.
.
var context = new Models.EntitiesConnection();
var query = context.Posts.Select(pst => new
                              { 
                                   id = pst.id, 
                                   Title = pst.Title,
                                   GNames = pst.GroupsDetails.Select(grd => new { Name = grd.PostGroup.name }) 
                             }).OrderByDescending(c => c.id);
            myfunc(query.ToList());

Action<object, EventArgs> handler1 = (object obj, EventArgs args) => ShowDialog();

Action<object, EventArgs> handler2 = (object _, EventArgs _) => ShowDialog();
// OR
Action<object, EventArgs> handler3 = (_, _) => ShowDialog();

button1.Click += (s, e) => ShowDialog();

 button1.Click += (_, _) => ShowDialog();

namespace CS9Features
{
    public class LambdasTests
    {
        public void Test()
        {
            string text = "{0} is a good user !";
            PrintItems(item => string.Format(text, item));
        }

        private void PrintItems(Func<string, string> formatFunc)
        {
            foreach (var item in new[] { "User 1", "User 2" })
            {
                Console.WriteLine(formatFunc(item));
            }
        }
    }
}

const string text = "{0} is a good user !";
PrintItems(static item => string.Format(text, item));

ShimDataAccessLayer را که مشاهده می‌کنید یک متد SaveCartItem دارد که به دیتابیس متصل شده و آیتم‌های کارت را ذخیره می‌کند.

حالا می‌توانیم تست خود را بنویسیم. در زیر یک نمونه از تست را مشاهده می‌کنید:

[TestMethod]
        public void AddCartItem_GivenCartAndProduct_ThenProductShouldBeAddedToCart()
        {
            //Create a context to scope and cleanup shims
            using (ShimsContext.Create())
            {
                int cartItemId = 42, cartId = 1, userId = 33, productId = 777;
 
                //Shim SaveCartItem rerouting it to a delegate which 
                //always returns cartItemId
                Fakes.ShimDataAccessLayer.SaveCartItemInt32Int32 = (c, p) => cartItemId;
 
                var cart = new CartToShim(cartId, userId);
                cart.AddCartItem(productId);
 
                Assert.AreEqual(cartId, cart.CartItems.Count);
                var cartItem = cart.CartItems[0];
                Assert.AreEqual(cartItemId, cartItem.CartItemId);
                Assert.AreEqual(productId, cartItem.ProductId);
            }
        }

به این نکته توجه داشته باشید که حتما برای assert کردن باید assert‌ها را در داخل اسکوپ ShimsContext قرار گرفته باشد در غیر این صورت assert شما درست کار نمی‌کند.

این یک مثال از shim بود؛ حالا می‌خواهم مثالی از یک stub را برای شما بزنم. یک اینترفیس با نام ICartSaver به صورت زیر ایجاد کنید:

public interface ICartSaver
    {
        int SaveCartItem(int cartId, int productId);
    }

public class CartSaver : ICartSaver
    {
        public int SaveCartItem(int cartId, int productId)
        {
            using (var conn = new SqlConnection("RandomSqlConnectionString"))
            {
                var cmd = new SqlCommand("InsCartItem", conn);
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CartId", cartId);
                cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ProductId", productId);
 
                conn.Open();
                return (int)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
            }
        }
    }

[TestMethod]
        public void AddCartItem_GivenCartAndProduct_ThenProductShouldBeAddedToCart()
        {
            int cartItemId = 42, cartId = 1, userId = 33, productId = 777;
 
            //Stub ICartSaver and customize the behavior via a 
            //delegate, ro return cartItemId
            var cartSaver = new Fakes.StubICartSaver();
            cartSaver.SaveCartItemInt32Int32 = (c, p) => cartItemId;
 
            var cart = new CartToStub(cartId, userId, cartSaver);
            cart.AddCartItem(productId);
 
            Assert.AreEqual(cartId, cart.CartItems.Count);
            var cartItem = cart.CartItems[0];
            Assert.AreEqual(cartItemId, cartItem.CartItemId);
            Assert.AreEqual(productId, cartItem.ProductId);
        }

 IDependency dependency= new Dependency();

public class Shopper
{
   private readonly ICreditCard _creditCard;
   public Shopper(ICreditCard creditCard)
   {
      _creditCard = creditCard;
   }
}

 ICreditCard creditCard = new MasterCard();
Shopper shopper = new Shopper(creditCard);

public class Shopper
{
   public ICreditCard CreditCard { get; set; }
}

ICreditCard creditCard = new MasterCard();
Shopper shopper = new Shopper();
shopper.CreditCard = creditCard;

public interface IDependOnCreditCard
{
   void Inject(ICreditCard creditCard);
}

public class Shopper : IDependOnCreditCard
{
  private ICreditCard creditCard;
  public void Inject(ICreditCard creditCard)
  {
     this.creditCard = creditCard;
  }
}  

ICreditCard creditCard = new MasterCard();
Shopper shopper = new Shopper();
((IDependOnCreditCard)shopper).Inject(creditCard);

using System;
using System.Threading;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

namespace Utils
{
    public static class ServiceLocatorProvider
    {
        private static readonly Lazy<IServiceProvider> _serviceProviderBuilder =
            new Lazy<IServiceProvider>(GetServiceProvider, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);

        /// <summary>
        /// A lazy loaded thread-safe singleton
        /// </summary>
        public static IServiceProvider Current { get; } = _serviceProviderBuilder.Value;

        private static IServiceProvider GetServiceProvider()
        {
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            ConfigureServices(services);
            return services.BuildServiceProvider();
        }

        private static void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            // TODO: add other services here ... services.AddSingleton ....
        }
    }

    public static class ServiceLocator
    {
        public static object GetService(Type serviceType)
        {
            return ServiceLocatorProvider.Current.GetService(serviceType);
        }

        public static TService GetService<TService>()
        {
            return ServiceLocatorProvider.Current.GetService<TService>();
        }

        public static object GetRequiredService(Type serviceType)
        {
            return ServiceLocatorProvider.Current.GetRequiredService(serviceType);
        }

        public static TService GetRequiredService<TService>()
        {
            return ServiceLocatorProvider.Current.GetService<TService>();
        }

        public static void RunScopedService<T, S>(Action<S, T> callback)
        {
            using (var serviceScope = ServiceLocatorProvider.Current.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope())
            {
                var context = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<S>();

                callback(context, serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<T>());
                if (context is IDisposable disposable)
                {
                    disposable.Dispose();
                }
            }
        }

        public static void RunScopedService<S>(Action<S> callback)
        {
            using (var serviceScope = ServiceLocatorProvider.Current.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope())
            {
                var context = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<S>();
                callback(context);
                if (context is IDisposable disposable)
                {
                    disposable.Dispose();
                }
            }
        }

        public static T RunScopedService<T, S>(Func<S, T> callback)
        {
            using (var serviceScope = ServiceLocatorProvider.Current.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope())
            {
                var context = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<S>();
                return callback(context);
            }
        }
    }
}

Command Line:
tsc --target ES5 --experimentalDecorators --emitDecoratorMetadata

tsconfig.json:
{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "target": "ES5",
        "experimentalDecorators": true,
        "emitDecoratorMetadata": true
    }
}

 // A simple decorator
@decoratorExpression
class MyClass { }

function decoratorExpression(target) {
   // Add a property on target
   target.annotated = true;
}

 function ClassDecorator(
target: Function // The class the decorator is declared on
) {
    console.log("ClassDecorator called on: ", target);
}

@ClassDecorator
class ClassDecoratorExample {
}

 function ClassDecoratorParams(param1: number, param2: string) {
return function(
  target: Function // The class the decorator is declared on
  ) {
   console.log("ClassDecoratorParams(" + param1 + ", '" + param2 + "') called on: ", target);
}
}

@ClassDecoratorParams(1, "a")
@ClassDecoratorParams(2, "b")
class ClassDecoratorParamsExample {
}

 ClassDecoratorParams(2, 'b') called on: function ClassDecoratorParamsExample() {
}
ClassDecoratorParams(1, 'a') called on: function ClassDecoratorParamsExample() {
}

 function PropertyDecorator(
target: Object, // The prototype of the class
propertyKey: string | symbol // The name of the property
) {
   console.log("PropertyDecorator called on: ", target, propertyKey);
}

class PropertyDecoratorExample {
@PropertyDecorator
name: string;
}

 PropertyDecorator called on: PropertyDecoratorExample {} name

 function MethodDecorator(
target: Object, // The prototype of the class
propertyKey: string, // The name of the method
descriptor: TypedPropertyDescriptor<any>
) {
console.log("MethodDecorator called on: ", target, propertyKey, descriptor);
}

class MethodDecoratorExample {
   @MethodDecorator
   method() {
   }
}

 MethodDecorator called on: MethodDecoratorExample { method: [Function] } method { value: [Function],
writable: true,
enumerable: true,
configurable: true }

 function TypeRestrictedMethodDecorator(
target: Object, // The prototype of the class
propertyKey: string, // The name of the method
descriptor: TypedPropertyDescriptor<(num: number) => number>
) {
   console.log("TypeRestrictedMethodDecorator called on: ", target, propertyKey, descriptor);
}

class TypeRestrictedMethodDecoratorExample {
   @TypeRestrictedMethodDecorator
   method(num: number): number {
      return 0;
   }
}

 TypeRestrictedMethodDecorator called on: TypeRestrictedMethodDecoratorExample { method: [Function] } method { value: [Function],
writable: true,
enumerable: true,
configurable: true }

 function StaticMethodDecorator(
target: Function, // the function itself and not the prototype
propertyKey: string | symbol, // The name of the static method
descriptor: TypedPropertyDescriptor<any>
) {
   console.log("StaticMethodDecorator called on: ", target, propertyKey, descriptor);
}

class StaticMethodDecoratorExample {
   @StaticMethodDecorator
   static staticMethod() {
   }
}

 StaticMethodDecorator called on: function StaticMethodDecoratorExample() {
} staticMethod { value: [Function],
writable: true,
enumerable: true,
configurable: true }

 function ParameterDecorator(
target: Function, // The prototype of the class
propertyKey: string | symbol, // The name of the method
parameterIndex: number // The index of parameter in the list of the function's parameters
) {
   console.log("ParameterDecorator called on: ", target, propertyKey, parameterIndex);
}

class ParameterDecoratorExample {
   method(@ParameterDecorator param1: string, @ParameterDecorator param2: number) {
   }
}

 ParameterDecorator called on: ParameterDecoratorExample { method: [Function] } method 1
ParameterDecorator called on: ParameterDecoratorExample { method: [Function] } method 0