public interface ICalculator<T>
    {
        T Add(T operand1, T operand2);
    }

    public class Calculator<T> : ICalculator<T>
    {
        public T Add(T operand1, T operand2)
        {
            return operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

 Operator '+' cannot be applied to operands of type 'T' and 'T'

    public class Calculator2<T>
    {
        public T Sum(List<T> list)
        {
            T sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
                sum += list[i];
            return sum;
        }
    }

    public interface ICalculator<T>
    {
        T Add(T operand1, T operand2);
    }

    public class Int32Calculator : ICalculator<int>
    {
        public int Add(int operand1, int operand2)
        {
            return operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

    public class AlgorithmLibrary<T> where T : new() 
    {
        private readonly ICalculator<T> _calculator;
        public AlgorithmLibrary(ICalculator<T> calculator)
        {
            _calculator = calculator;
        }

        public T Sum(List<T> items)
        {
            var sum = new T();
            for (var i = 0; i < items.Count; i++)
            {
                sum = _calculator.Add(sum, items[i]);
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

 var result = new AlgorithmLibrary<int>(new Int32Calculator()).Sum(new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 });

    public class Algorithms<T> where T : new() 
    {
        public T Calculate(Func<T, T, T> add, IEnumerable<T> numbers)
        {
            var sum = new T();
            foreach (var number in numbers)
            {
                sum = add(sum, number);
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

 var result = new Algorithms<int>().Calculate((a, b) => a + b, new[] { 1, 2, 3 });

    public class Calculator<T> : ICalculator<T>
    {
        public T Add(T operand1, T operand2)
        {
            return (dynamic)operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

 var test = new Calculator<int>().Add(1, 2);

public T Add(T t1, T t2)
{
    if (typeof(T) == typeof(double))
    {
        var d1 = (double)t1;
        var d2 = (double)t2;
        return (T)(d1 + d2);
    }
    else if (typeof(T) == typeof(int)){
        var i1 = (int)t1;
        var i2 = (int)t2;
        return (T)(i1 + i2);
    }
    else ...
}

using System;
using System.Linq.Expressions;

namespace GenericsArithmetic
{
    public class Solution3
    {
        public T Add<T>(T a, T b)
        {
            var paramA = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "a");
            var paramB = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "b");

            var body = Expression.Add(paramA, paramB);
            var add = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, T, T>>(body, paramA, paramB).Compile();
            return add(a, b);
        }
    }
}

public static T Sum<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
    T sum = Operator<T>.Zero;
    foreach (T value in source)
    {
            sum = Operator.Add(sum, value);
    }
    return sum;
}
 

 C:\Users\Vahid>dotnet --version
1.0.0-preview2-003121

 .NET Core -> ASP.NET Core Web Application (.NET Core) -> Select `Empty` Template

{
  "projects": [ "src", "test" ],
  "sdk": {
    "version": "1.0.0-preview2-003121"
  }
}

public delegate string SumOf2Number(int a, int b);

SumOf2Number sum2numbers = Sum;
ViewBag.SumFunc3 = sum2numbers;

ViewBag.SumFunc =(Func<int,int,string>) Sum;//way 1
ViewBag.SumFunc2 = (Func<int, int, string>)((int a, int b) => { return (a + b).ToString(); });//way 2

SumOf2Number sum2numbers2 = (int a, int b) => { return (a + b).ToString(); };

namespace MvcTest.Controllers
{
    public  delegate string SumOf2Number(int a, int b);
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {        
        public ActionResult Index()
        {            
            SumOf2Number sum2numbers = Sum;
            SumOf2Number sum2numbers2 = (int a, int b) => { return (a + b).ToString(); };
 
            ViewBag.SumFunc =(Func<int,int,string>) Sum;
            ViewBag.SumFunc2 = (Func<int, int, string>)((int a, int b) => { return (a + b).ToString(); });
            ViewBag.SumFunc3 = sum2numbers;
            ViewBag.SumFunc4 = sum2numbers2;
            return View();
        }
        public string Sum(int a,int b)
        {
            return (a + b).ToString();
        }
        public ActionResult About()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";
 
            return View();
        }
 
        public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            ViewBag.Message = "Your contact page.";
 
            return View();
        }
    }
}

• یکی از محدودیت‌های استفاده از expression body داشتن چندین خط دستور برای بدنه متدهایمان است. در اینحالت باید از روش سابق (statement body) استفاده نمائید. 
• یکی دیگر از محدودیت‌ها عدم امکان استفاده از if, else, switch است. به عنوان مثال نمی‌توان کد زیر را با داشتن if و else به صورت expression body نوشت:

public override string ToString() =>
                    (MiddleName != null)
                    ? FirstName + " " + MiddleName + " " + LastName
                    : FirstName + " " + LastName;

• همچنین نمی‌توان از for, foreach, while, do در expression body استفاده کرد، به جای آن می‌توان از عبارت‌های LINQ برای بدنه تابع استفاده کرد. به عنوان مثال متد زیر:
  

public IEnumerable<int> SmallNumbers() => Enumerable.Range(0, 10).Select(n => n);

• همانطور که عنوان شد، استفاده از expression body در قسمت پراپرتی‌ها تنها محدود به پراپرتی‌های get-only (فقط خواندنی) میباشد.
  
• استفاده از این قابلیت برای متدهای سازنده
• استفاده در رخدادها
• استفاده در finalizers

    public class Person
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }

        public Person()
        {
            this.FirstName = "Sirwan";
            this.LastName = "Afifi";
        }
    }

public string FirstName { get; set; } = "Sirwan";
public string LastName { get; set; } = "Afifi";

• Transparency: عدم تغییر سیستم تحت آزمون: مثل افزودن امکانات اضافی به کد محصول جهت سهولت آزمایش
  
• Scope: قابلیت اجرا بر روی هر دو حالت Debug و Release
• Simplicity: سربار کم و سادگی تست برای تغییر

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.Demo;

public enum Gender
{
    NotSpecified,
    [Display(Name = "مرد")] Male,
    [Display(Name = "زن")] Female
}

public static class Extensions
{
    public static string GetDisplayName(this Enum value)
    {
        if (value is null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));

        var attribute = value.GetType().GetField(value.ToString())?
            .GetCustomAttributes<DisplayAttribute>(false).FirstOrDefault();

        if (attribute is null)
            return value.ToString();

        return attribute.GetType().GetProperty("Name")?.GetValue(attribute, null)?.ToString();
    }
}

namespace NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.Demo
{
  public static class GenderExtensions
  {
      public static string GetDisplayName(this Gender @enum)
      {
          return @enum switch
            {
                Gender.NotSpecified => "NotSpecified",
                Gender.Male => "مرد",
                Gender.Female => "زن",
                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(@enum))
            };
      }
  }
}

[Generator]
public class EnumExtensionsGenerator : ISourceGenerator
{
    public void Initialize(GeneratorInitializationContext context)
    {}

    public void Execute(GeneratorExecutionContext context)
    {
        var compilation = context.Compilation;
        foreach (var syntaxTree in compilation.SyntaxTrees)
        {
            var semanticModel = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxTree);
            var immutableHashSet = syntaxTree.GetRoot()
                .DescendantNodesAndSelf()
                .OfType<EnumDeclarationSyntax>()
                .Select(enumDeclarationSyntax => semanticModel.GetDeclaredSymbol(enumDeclarationSyntax))
                .OfType<ITypeSymbol>()
                /*.Where(typeSymbol => typeSymbol.GetAttributes().Any(
                    attributeData => string.Equals(attributeData.AttributeClass?.Name, "GenerateExtensions",
                        StringComparison.Ordinal)
                ))*/
                .ToImmutableHashSet();

            foreach (var typeSymbol in immutableHashSet)
            {
                var source = GenerateEnumExtensions(typeSymbol);
                context.AddSource($"{typeSymbol.Name}Extensions.cs", source);
            }
        }
    }

    private string GenerateEnumExtensions(ITypeSymbol typeSymbol)
    {
        return $@"namespace {typeSymbol.ContainingNamespace}
{{
  public static class {typeSymbol.Name}Extensions
  {{
      public static string GetDisplayName(this {typeSymbol.Name} @enum)
      {{
          {GenerateExtensionMethodBody(typeSymbol)}
      }}
  }}
}}";
    }

    private static string GenerateExtensionMethodBody(ITypeSymbol typeSymbol)
    {
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.Append(@"return @enum switch
            {
");

        foreach (var fieldSymbol in typeSymbol.GetMembers().OfType<IFieldSymbol>())
        {
            var displayAttribute = fieldSymbol.GetAttributes()
                .FirstOrDefault(attributeData =>
                    string.Equals(attributeData.AttributeClass?.Name, "DisplayAttribute", StringComparison.Ordinal));
            if (displayAttribute is null)
            {                
                sb.AppendLine(
                    $@"                {typeSymbol.Name}.{fieldSymbol.Name} => ""{fieldSymbol.Name}"",");
            }
            else
            {
                var displayAttributeName = displayAttribute.NamedArguments
                    .FirstOrDefault(x => string.Equals(x.Key, "Name", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    .Value;
                sb.AppendLine(
                    $@"                {typeSymbol.Name}.{fieldSymbol.Name} => ""{displayAttributeName.Value}"",");
            }
        }

        sb.Append(
            @"                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(@enum))
            };");

        return sb.ToString();
    }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>

    <EmitCompilerGeneratedFiles>true</EmitCompilerGeneratedFiles>
    <CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath>Generated</CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath>
  </PropertyGroup>
  
  <Target Name="CleanSourceGeneratedFiles" BeforeTargets="BeforeBuild" DependsOnTargets="$(BeforeBuildDependsOn)">
    <RemoveDir Directories="$(CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath)" />
  </Target>  
  <ItemGroup>
    <!-- Exclude the output of source generators from the compilation -->
    <Compile Remove="$(CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath)/**/*.cs" />
<Content Include="$(CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath)/**" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator\NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.csproj" 
OutputItemType="Analyzer" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

{BaseIntermediateOutpath}/generated/{Assembly}/{SourceGeneratorName}/{GeneratedFile}

public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, ParallelOptions parallelOptions, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, ParallelOptions parallelOptions, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)

customers.ForEach(c => SendEmailAsync(c));

foreach(var c in customers)
{
    SendEmailAsync(c); // the return task is ignored
}

customers.ForEach(async c => await SendEmailAsync(c));

foreach(var c in customers)
{
   await SendEmailAsync(c);
}

foreach(var o in orders)
{
    await ProcessOrderAsync(o);
}

var tasks = orders.Select(o => ProcessOrderAsync(o)).ToList();
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    int Add(int a, int b)
    {
        return a + b;
    }
 
    Console.WriteLine(Add(3, 4)); 
}

public class PersonWithPrivateMethod
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        string ageSuffix = GenerateAgeSuffix(Age);
        return $"{Name} is {Age} year{ageSuffix} old";
    }

    private string GenerateAgeSuffix(int age)
    {
        return age > 1 ? "s" : "";
    }
}

public class PersonWithLocalFuncDelegate
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        Func<int, string> generateAgeSuffix = age => age > 1 ? "s" : "";
        return $"{Name} is {Age} year{generateAgeSuffix(Age)} old";
    }
}

public class PersonWithLocalFunction
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return $"{Name} is {Age} year{GenerateAgeSuffix(Age)} old";
        // Define a local function:
        string GenerateAgeSuffix(int age)
        {
            return age > 1 ? "s" : "";
        }
    }
}

public class PersonWithLocalFunctionEnclosing
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return $"{Name} is {Age} year{GenerateAgeSuffix()} old";
        // Define a local function:
        string GenerateAgeSuffix()
        {
            return Age > 1 ? "s" : "";
        }
    }
}

public class PersonWithLocalFunctionExpressionBodied
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return $"{Name} is {Age} year{GenerateAgeSuffix(Age)} old";
        // Define a local function:
        string GenerateAgeSuffix(int age) => age > 1 ? "s" : "";
    }
}

public class LocalFunctionsTest
{
    public void PassAnonFunctionToMethod()
    {
        var p = new SimplePerson
        {
            Name = "Name1",
            Age = 42
        };
        OutputSimplePerson(p, GenerateAgeSuffix);
        string GenerateAgeSuffix(int age) => age > 1 ? "s" : "";
    }
 
    private void OutputSimplePerson(SimplePerson person, Func<int, string> suffixFunction)
    {
        Output.WriteLine(
        $"{person.Name} is {person.Age} year{suffixFunction(person.Age)} old");
    }
}