using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace WebToolkit
{
    public class SimpleHttp
    {
        public HttpStatusCode PostAsJson(string url, object data, JsonSerializerSettings settings)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(url))
                throw new ArgumentNullException("url");

            return PostAsJson(new Uri(url), data, settings);
        }

        public HttpStatusCode PostAsJson(Uri url, object data, JsonSerializerSettings settings)
        {
            if (url == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("url");

            var postRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            postRequest.Method = "POST";
            postRequest.UserAgent = "SimpleHttp/1.0";
            postRequest.ContentType = "application/json; charset=utf-8";

            using (var stream = new StreamWriter(postRequest.GetRequestStream()))
            {
                var serializer = JsonSerializer.Create(settings);
                using (var writer = new JsonTextWriter(stream))
                {
                    serializer.Serialize(writer, data);
                    writer.Flush();
                }
            }

            using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)postRequest.GetResponse())
            {
                return response.StatusCode;
            }
        }
    }
}

import React, { Component } from "react";


class Like extends Component {
  render() {
    return <i className="fa fa-heart-o" aria-hidden="true"></i>;
  }
}

export default Like;

import Like from "./common/like";

import React, { Component } from "react";

class Like extends Component {
  render() {
    let classes = "fa fa-heart";
    if (!this.props.liked) {
      classes += "-o";
    }
    return <i className={classes} aria-hidden="true"></i>;
  }
}

export default Like;

<Like liked={movie.liked} />

const movies = [
  {
    _id: "5b21ca3eeb7f6fbccd471815",
    title: "Terminator",
    genre: { _id: "5b21ca3eeb7f6fbccd471818", name: "Action" },
    numberInStock: 6,
    dailyRentalRate: 2.5,
    publishDate: "2018-01-03T19:04:28.809Z",
    liked: true
  },

 <Like liked={movie.liked} onClick={() => this.handleLike(movie)} />

handleLike = movie => {
    console.log("handleLike", movie);
  };

    return (
      <i
        className={classes}
        onClick={this.props.onClick}
        aria-hidden="true"
        style={{ cursor: "pointer" }}
      ></i>
);

  handleLike = movie => {
    console.log("handleLike", movie);
    const movies = [...this.state.movies]; // cloning an array
    const index = movies.indexOf(movie);
    movies[index] = { ...movies[index] }; // cloning an object
    movies[index].liked = !movies[index].liked;
    this.setState({ movies });
  };

1.  URI-based versioning 
   
2.  Header-based versioning 
   
3.  Media type-based versioning 
   

 public class ItemsController : ApiController   
 {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemViewModel))]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemViewModel { Id = id, Name = "PS4", Country = "Japan" };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }
 public class ItemsV2Controller : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemV2ViewModel))]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemV2ViewModel { Id = id, Name = "Xbox One", Country = "USA", Price = 529.99 };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }

config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("ItemsV2", "api/v2/items/{id}", new
{
    controller = "ItemsV2",
    id = RouteParameter.Optional
});
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("Items", "api/items/{id}", new
{
    controller = "Items",
    id = RouteParameter.Optional
});
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
    name: "DefaultApi",
    routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
    defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);

public class VersionFinder
    {
        private static bool NeedsUriVersioning(HttpRequestMessage request, out string version)
        {
            var routeData = request.GetRouteData();
            if (routeData != null)
            {
                object versionFromRoute;
                if (routeData.Values.TryGetValue(nameof(version), out versionFromRoute))
                {
                    version = versionFromRoute as string;
                    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(version))
                    {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            version = null;
            return false;
        }
        private static int VersionToInt(string versionString)
        {
            int version;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(versionString) || !int.TryParse(versionString, out version))
                return 0;
            return version;
        }
        public static int GetVersionFromRequest(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            string version;

            return NeedsUriVersioning(request, out version) ? VersionToInt(version) : 0;
        }
    }

 public class VersionAwareControllerSelector : DefaultHttpControllerSelector
    {
        public VersionAwareControllerSelector(HttpConfiguration configuration) : base(configuration) { }
        public override string GetControllerName(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            var controllerName = base.GetControllerName(request);
            var version = VersionFinder.GetVersionFromRequest(request);
                
        return version > 0 ? GetVersionedControllerName(request, controllerName, version) : controllerName;
        }
        private string GetVersionedControllerName(HttpRequestMessage request, string baseControllerName,
        int version)
        {
            var versionControllerName = $"{baseControllerName}v{version}";
            HttpControllerDescriptor descriptor;
            if (GetControllerMapping().TryGetValue(versionControllerName, out descriptor))
            {
                return versionControllerName;
            }

            throw new HttpResponseException(request.CreateErrorResponse(
            HttpStatusCode.NotFound,
                $"No HTTP resource was found that matches the URI {request.RequestUri} and version number {version}"));
        }
    }

config.Services.Replace(typeof(IHttpControllerSelector), new VersionAwareControllerSelector(config));

[RoutePrefix("api/v1/Items")]
    public class ItemsController : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemViewModel))]
        [Route("{id:int}")]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemViewModel { Id = id, Name = "PS4", Country =        "Japan" };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }


 [RoutePrefix("api/V2/Items")]
    public class ItemsV2Controller : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemV2ViewModel))]
        [Route("{id:int}")]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemV2ViewModel { Id = id, Name = "Xbox One", Country = "USA", Price = 529.99 };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }

var constraintsResolver = new DefaultInlineConstraintResolver();
            constraintsResolver.ConstraintMap.Add(nameof(VersionConstraint), typeof
            (VersionConstraint));
config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(constraintsResolver);

  public class NamespaceControllerSelector : IHttpControllerSelector
    {
        private readonly HttpConfiguration _configuration;
        private readonly Lazy<Dictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor>> _controllers;
        public NamespaceControllerSelector(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            _configuration = config;
            _controllers = new Lazy<Dictionary<string,
                HttpControllerDescriptor>>(InitializeControllerDictionary);
        }
        public HttpControllerDescriptor SelectController(HttpRequestMessage request)
        {
            var routeData = request.GetRouteData();
            if (routeData == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }

            var controllerName = GetControllerName(routeData);
            if (controllerName == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }
            var version = GetVersion(routeData);
            if (version == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }
            var controllerKey = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0}.{1}",
                version, controllerName);
            HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor;
            if (_controllers.Value.TryGetValue(controllerKey, out controllerDescriptor))
            {
                return controllerDescriptor;
            }
            throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
        }
        public IDictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor> GetControllerMapping()
        {
            return _controllers.Value;
        }
        private Dictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor> InitializeControllerDictionary()
        {
            var dictionary = new Dictionary<string,
                HttpControllerDescriptor>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
            var assembliesResolver = _configuration.Services.GetAssembliesResolver();
            var controllersResolver = _configuration.Services.GetHttpControllerTypeResolver();
            var controllerTypes = controllersResolver.GetControllerTypes(assembliesResolver);
            foreach (var controllerType in controllerTypes)
            {
                var segments = controllerType.Namespace.Split(Type.Delimiter);
                var controllerName =
                    controllerType.Name.Remove(controllerType.Name.Length -
                                               DefaultHttpControllerSelector.ControllerSuffix.Length);
                var controllerKey = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0}.{1}",
                    segments[segments.Length - 1], controllerName);

                if (!dictionary.Keys.Contains(controllerKey))
                {
                    dictionary[controllerKey] = new HttpControllerDescriptor(_configuration,
                        controllerType.Name,
                        controllerType);
                }
            }
            return dictionary;
        }
        private static T GetRouteVariable<T>(IHttpRouteData routeData, string name)
        {
            object result;
            if (routeData.Values.TryGetValue(name, out result))
            {
                return (T)result;
            }
            return default(T);
        }
        private static string GetControllerName(IHttpRouteData routeData)
        {
            var subroute = routeData.GetSubRoutes().FirstOrDefault();
            var dataTokenValue = subroute?.Route.DataTokens.First().Value;
            var controllerName =
                ((HttpActionDescriptor[])dataTokenValue)?.First().ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName.Replace("Controller", string.Empty);
            return controllerName;
        }
        private static string GetVersion(IHttpRouteData routeData)
        {
            var subRouteData = routeData.GetSubRoutes().FirstOrDefault();
            return subRouteData == null ? null : GetRouteVariable<string>(subRouteData, "version");
        }
    }

public IDictionary<string, HttpControllerDescriptor> GetControllerMapping()

 public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            var constraintsResolver = new DefaultInlineConstraintResolver();
            constraintsResolver.ConstraintMap.Add(nameof(VersionConstraint), typeof
            (VersionConstraint));

            config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(constraintsResolver);

            config.Services.Replace(typeof(IHttpControllerSelector), new NamespaceControllerSelector(config));

        }
    }

public class HeaderVersionConstraint : IHttpRouteConstraint
    {
        private const string VersionHeaderName = "api-version";

        public HeaderVersionConstraint(int allowedVersion)
        {
            AllowedVersion = allowedVersion;
        }

        public int AllowedVersion { get; }

        public bool Match(HttpRequestMessage request, IHttpRoute route, string parameterName,
            IDictionary<string, object> values,
            HttpRouteDirection routeDirection)
        {
            if (!request.Headers.Contains(VersionHeaderName)) return false;

            var version = request.Headers.GetValues(VersionHeaderName).FirstOrDefault();

            return VersionToInt(version) == AllowedVersion;
        }
        private static int VersionToInt(string versionString)
        {
            int version;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(versionString) || !int.TryParse(versionString, out version))
                return 0;
            return version;
        }
    }

public sealed class HeaderVersionedRouteAttribute : RouteFactoryAttribute
    {
        public HeaderVersionedRouteAttribute(string template) : base(template)
        {
            Order = -1;
        }

        public int Version { get; set; }

        public override IDictionary<string, object> Constraints => new HttpRouteValueDictionary
        {
            {"", new HeaderVersionConstraint(Version)}
        };
    }

    [RoutePrefix("api/items")]
    public class ItemsController : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemViewModel))]
        [HeaderVersionedRoute("{id}", Version = 1)]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemViewModel { Id = id, Name = "PS4", Country = "Japan" };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }
  [RoutePrefix("api/items")]
    public class ItemsV2Controller : ApiController
    {
        [ResponseType(typeof(ItemV2ViewModel))]
        [HeaderVersionedRoute("{id}", Version = 2)]
        public IHttpActionResult Get(int id)
        {
            var viewModel = new ItemV2ViewModel { Id = id, Name = "Xbox One", Country = "USA", Price = 529.99 };
            return Ok(viewModel);
        }
    }