using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Helpers;
using System.Globalization;

namespace Parsnet
{
    public class ParsnetModelBinder : DefaultModelBinder
    {
        public override object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            try
            {
                return base.BindModel(controllerContext, bindingContext);
            }
            catch (HttpRequestValidationException ex)
            {
                var modelState = new ModelState();
                modelState.Errors.Add("اطلاعات ارسالی شما دارای کدهای HTML می‌باشند.");
                var key = bindingContext.ModelName;
                var value = controllerContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Request.Unvalidated().Form[key];
                modelState.Value = new ValueProviderResult(value, value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
                bindingContext.ModelState.Add(key, modelState);
            }

            return null;
        }
    }
}

    ModelBinders.Binders.DefaultBinder = new ParsnetModelBinder();

[Authorize]
public class ChatHub : Hub
{
  //...
}

public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        // سایر خواص کاربر
        

        public HashSet<string> ConnectionIds { get; set; }
    }

using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;

namespace SignalR05.Common
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        // سایر خواص کاربر


        public HashSet<string> ConnectionIds { get; set; }
    }

    public class ChatHubHub : Hub
    {
        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, User> Users = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, User>();

        public override Task OnConnected()
        {
            connect();
            return base.OnConnected();
        }

        private void connect()
        {
            var userName = Context.User.Identity.Name;
            var connectionId = Context.ConnectionId;

            var user = Users.GetOrAdd(userName,
                _ => new User
                {
                    Name = userName,
                    ConnectionIds = new HashSet<string>()
                });
            lock (user.ConnectionIds)
            {
                user.ConnectionIds.Add(connectionId);
            }
        }

        public override Task OnReconnected()
        {
            connect();
            return base.OnReconnected();
        }

        public override Task OnDisconnected()
        {
            var userName = Context.User.Identity.Name;
            var connectionId = Context.ConnectionId;

            User user;
            Users.TryGetValue(userName, out user);
            if (user != null)
            {
                lock (user.ConnectionIds)
                {
                    user.ConnectionIds.RemoveWhere(cid => cid.Equals(connectionId));

                    if (!user.ConnectionIds.Any())
                    {
                        User removedUser;
                        Users.TryRemove(userName, out removedUser);

                        ///Clients.Others.userDisconnected(userName);
                    }
                }
            }

            return base.OnDisconnected();
        }
    }
}

  Clients.AllExcept(user.ConnectionIds.ToArray()).userConnected(userName);

public class Car
{
    public string Id { get; set; }

public class Car
{
   public string CarId { get; set; }

public class Car
{
   [Key]
   public string LicensePlate { get; set; }

public class MyContext : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<Car> Cars { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
         modelBuilder.Entity<Car>()
                 .HasKey(c => c.LicensePlate);
    }
 }

{
   "dependencies": {
          "System.ComponentModel.Annotations": "4.1.0"
   }
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
   modelBuilder.Entity<Car>()
                       .HasKey(c => new { c.State, c.LicensePlate });
}

public class Blog
{
    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
    public int BlogId { get; set; }

    public string Url { get; set; }
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
           .Property(b => b.BlogId)
           .ValueGeneratedNever();
}

public class Blog
{
   public int BlogId { get; set; }
   public string Url { get; set; }

   [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
   public DateTime Inserted { get; set; }
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
           .Property(b => b.Inserted)
           .ValueGeneratedOnAdd();
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
        .Property(b => b.Inserted)
        .HasDefaultValueSql("getdate()");
}

public class Blog
{
    public int BlogId { get; set; }
    public string Url { get; set; }

    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Computed)]
    public DateTime LastUpdated { get; set; }
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
       .Property(b => b.LastUpdated)
       .ValueGeneratedOnAddOrUpdate();
}

public class Person
{
    public int PersonId { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public string DisplayName { get; set; }
}

public class MyContext : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<Person> People { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
          modelBuilder.Entity<Person>()
              .Property(p => p.DisplayName)
               .HasComputedColumnSql("[LastName] + ', ' + [FirstName]");
     }
 }

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
     modelBuilder.HasSequence<int>("OrderNumbers", schema: "shared") 
           .StartsAt(1000).IncrementsBy(5);

     modelBuilder.Entity<Order>()
         .Property(o => o.OrderNo)
         .HasDefaultValueSql("NEXT VALUE FOR shared.OrderNumbers");
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.HasSequence<int>("PrimaryKeyWithSequenceSequence");
    modelBuilder.Entity<PrimaryKeyWithSequence>(entity =>
     {
       entity.Property(e => e.PrimaryKeyWithSequenceId).HasDefaultValueSql("NEXT VALUE FOR [PrimaryKeyWithSequenceSequence]");
     });
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
      modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
          .HasIndex(b => b.Url)
          .HasName("Index_Url");

 modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>().HasIndex(b => b.Url).HasName("Index_Url").IsUnique();

modelBuilder.Entity<Person>()
   .HasIndex(idx => new { idx.FirstName, idx.LastName })
   .IsUnique();

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
   modelBuilder.Entity<Car>()
     .HasAlternateKey(c => c.LicensePlate)
     .HasName("AlteranteKey_LicensePlate");
}

modelBuilder.Entity<Person>()
     .HasAlternateKey(x => new { x.FirstName, x.LastName });

 table.UniqueConstraint("AK_Persons_FirstName_LastName", x => new { x.FirstName, x.LastName });

private IList<int>? _idsList;
private IEnumerable<int>? _idsEnumerable;
private int[]? _idsArray;

[GlobalSetup]
public void Setup()
{
    _idsEnumerable = Enumerable.Range(0, 10000);
    _idsList = _idsEnumerable.ToList();
    _idsArray = _idsEnumerable.ToArray();
}

var list = _idsList ?? new List<int>();
if (list.Any() is false) { }

if (_idsList is null || _idsList.Any() is false) { }

if (_idsList == null || _idsList.Any() is false) { }

if (_idsList?.Any() is false) { }

if (_idsList is { Count: > 0 } is false) { }

if (_idsList?.Count == 0) { }

if (_idsList == null || _idsList.Count == 0) { }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.12.1" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;

namespace AnyCountBenchmark
{
    public static class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
#if DEBUG
            System.Console.WriteLine("Please set the project's configuration to Release mode first.");
#else
            BenchmarkRunner.Run<Scenarios>();
#endif
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Jobs;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Order;

namespace AnyCountBenchmark
{
    [SimpleJob(RuntimeMoniker.NetCoreApp50)]
    [Orderer(SummaryOrderPolicy.FastestToSlowest, MethodOrderPolicy.Declared)]
    [RankColumn]
    public class Scenarios
    {
        private IList<int>? _idsList;
        private IEnumerable<int>? _idsEnumerable;
        private int[]? _idsArray;

        [GlobalSetup]
        public void Setup()
        {
            _idsEnumerable = Enumerable.Range(0, 10000);
            _idsList = _idsEnumerable.ToList();
            _idsArray = _idsEnumerable.ToArray();
        }

        #region Any_With_Null_coalescing
        [Benchmark]
        public void List_Any_With_Null_coalescing()
        {
            var list = _idsList ?? new List<int>();
            if (list.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Array_Any_With_Null_coalescing()
        {
            var array = _idsArray ?? Array.Empty<int>();
            if (array.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Enumerable_Any_With_Null_coalescing()
        {
            var enumerable = _idsEnumerable ?? Enumerable.Empty<int>();
            if (enumerable.Any() is false) { }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Any_With_Is_Null_Check
        [Benchmark]
        public void List_Any_With_Is_Null_Check()
        {
            if (_idsList is null || _idsList.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Array_Any_With_Is_Null_Check()
        {
            if (_idsArray is null || _idsArray.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Enumerable_Any_With_Is_Null_Check()
        {
            if (_idsEnumerable is null || _idsEnumerable.Any() is false) { }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Any_Any_With_Null_Equality_Check
        [Benchmark]
        public void List_Any_With_Null_Equality_Check()
        {
            if (_idsList == null || _idsList.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Array_Any_With_Null_Equality_Check()
        {
            if (_idsArray == null || _idsArray.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Enumerable_Any_With_Null_Equality_Check()
        {
            if (_idsEnumerable == null || _idsEnumerable.Any() is false) { }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Any_With_Null_Conditional_Operator
        [Benchmark]
        public void List_Any_With_Null_Conditional_Operator()
        {
            if (_idsList?.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Array_Any_With_Null_Conditional_Operator()
        {
            if (_idsArray?.Any() is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Enumerable_Any_With_Null_Conditional_Operator()
        {
            if (_idsEnumerable?.Any() is false) { }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Count_With_Pattern_Matching
        [Benchmark]
        public void List_Count_With_Pattern_Matching()
        {
            if (_idsList is { Count: > 0 } is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Array_Length_With_Pattern_Matching()
        {
            if (_idsArray is { Length: > 0 } is false) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Enumerable_Count_With_Pattern_Matching()
        {
            var list = _idsEnumerable?.ToList();
            if (list is { Count: > 0 } is false) { }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Count_With_Null_Conditional_Operator
        [Benchmark]
        public void List_Count_With_Null_Conditional_Operator()
        {
            if (_idsList?.Count == 0) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Array_Length_With_Null_Conditional_Operator()
        {
            if (_idsArray?.Length == 0) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Enumerable_Count_With_Null_Conditional_Operator()
        {
            if (_idsEnumerable?.Count() == 0) { }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Count_With_Null_Equality_Check
        [Benchmark]
        public void List_Count_With_Null_Equality_Check()
        {
            if (_idsList == null || _idsList.Count == 0) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Array_Length_With_Null_Equality_Check()
        {
            if (_idsArray == null || _idsArray.Length == 0) { }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void Enumerable_Count_With_Null_Equality_Check()
        {
            if (_idsEnumerable == null || _idsEnumerable.Count() == 0) { }
        }
        #endregion
    }
}