PM> install-package Newtonsoft.Json

 var roles = new List<string>
{
   "Admin",
   "User"
};
string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(roles, Formatting.Indented);

 var jsonString = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new
{
   Id =1,
   Name = "Test"
}, Formatting.Indented);

var jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new
{
   Id = 1,
   Name = "Test",
   DateTime = DateTime.Now
}, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   Converters =
   {
      new JavaScriptDateTimeConverter()
   }
});

 {
  "Id": 1,
  "Name": "Test",
  "DateTime": new Date(1409821985245)
}

using (var stream = File.CreateText(@"c:\output.json"))
{
    var jsonSerializer = new JsonSerializer
   {
      Formatting = Formatting.Indented
   };
   jsonSerializer.Serialize(stream, new
   {
     Id = 1,
     Name = "Test",
     DateTime = DateTime.Now
   });
}

public class User
{
   public int Id { set; get; }
   public string Name { set; get; }
   public DateTime DateTime { set; get; }
}

 var user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(jsonData);

var user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(jsonData, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Converters = {  new JavaScriptDateTimeConverter() }
});

 JsonConvert.PopulateObject(jsonData, user);

var jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(object, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore,
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented
});

public class Employee
{
    public string Name { set; get; }
}

public class Manager : Employee
{
    public IList<Employee> Reports { set; get; }
}

 var employee = new Employee { Name = "User1" };
var manager1 = new Manager { Name = "User2" };
var manager2 = new Manager { Name = "User3" };
manager1.Reports = new[] { employee, manager2 };
manager2.Reports = new[] { employee };

 var list = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(manager1, Formatting.Indented);

{
  "Reports": [
    {
      "Name": "User1"
    },
    {
      "Reports": [
        {
          "Name": "User1"
        }
      ],
      "Name": "User3"
    }
  ],
  "Name": "User2"
}

var list = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(manager1, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
   Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
   TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Objects,
   PreserveReferencesHandling = PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects
});
 

{
  "$id": "1",
  "$type": "JsonNetTests.Manager, JsonNetTests",
  "Reports": [
    {
      "$id": "2",
      "$type": "JsonNetTests.Employee, JsonNetTests",
      "Name": "User1"
    },
    {
      "$id": "3",
      "$type": "JsonNetTests.Manager, JsonNetTests",
      "Reports": [
        {
          "$ref": "2"
        }
      ],
      "Name": "User3"
    }
  ],
  "Name": "User2"
}

public class User
{
   public int Id { set; get; }

   [JsonIgnore]
   public string Name { set; get; }

   public DateTime DateTime { set; get; }
}

[JsonProperty(PropertyName = "m_name", NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore)]
public string Name { set; get; }

[JsonObject(MemberSerialization.OptIn)]
public class User
{
    public int Id { set; get; }

    [JsonProperty]
    public string Name { set; get; }
 
    public DateTime DateTime { set; get; }
}

[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
public DateTime DateTime { set; get; }

public class HtmlColor
{
   public int Red { set; get; }
   public int Green { set; get; }
   public int Blue { set; get; }
}

var colorJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new HtmlColor
{
  Red = 255,
  Green = 0,
  Blue = 0
}, Formatting.Indented);

    public class HtmlColorConverter : JsonConverter
    {

        public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
        {
            return objectType == typeof(HtmlColor);
        }

        public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType,
                                        object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }

        public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
        {
            var color = value as HtmlColor;
            if (color == null)
                return;

            writer.WriteValue("#" + color.Red.ToString("X2")
                + color.Green.ToString("X2") + color.Blue.ToString("X2"));
        }
    }

var colorJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new HtmlColor
{
  Red = 255,
  Green = 0,
  Blue = 0
},  new JsonSerializerSettings
    {
      Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
      Converters = { new HtmlColorConverter() }
    });   

public static string CurrentInvariantMonthName()
    {
        var month = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.Month;
        return CultureInfo
            .InvariantCulture
            .DateTimeFormat
            .GetMonthName(month);
    }

#if MOCK_TIME
global using DateTimeOffset = StubDateTimeOffset; 
#else
global using DateTimeOffset = System.DateTimeOffset;
#endif

public static class StubDateTimeOffset
{
    private static System.DateTimeOffset? value;
    
    public static System.DateTimeOffset UtcNow 
        => value ?? System.DateTimeOffset.UtcNow ;
    
    public static void Set(System.DateTimeOffset dateTimeOffset) {
        value = dateTimeOffset;
    }

    public static void Reset() => value = null;
}

<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
   <DefineConstants>MOCK_TIME</DefineConstants>
</PropertyGroup>

// set time
StubDateTimeOffset.Set(new(new(2022, 7, 1)));

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(options =>
{
    options.GlobalLimiter = PartitionedRateLimiter.Create<HttpContext, string>(httpContext =>
        RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(
            partitionKey: httpContext.User.Identity?.Name ?? httpContext.Request.Headers.Host.ToString(),
            factory: partition => new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
            {
                AutoReplenishment = true,
                PermitLimit = 10,
                QueueLimit = 0,
                Window = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1)
            }));
});

// ...

var app = builder.Build();

// ...

app.UseRouting();
app.UseRateLimiter();

app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");

app.Run();

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(options =>
{
    options.RejectionStatusCode = 429;

    // ...
});

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(options =>
{
    options.OnRejected = async (context, token) =>
    {
        context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 429;
        if (context.Lease.TryGetMetadata(MetadataName.RetryAfter, out var retryAfter))
        {
            await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync(
                $"Too many requests. Please try again after {retryAfter.TotalMinutes} minute(s). " +
                $"Read more about our rate limits at https://example.org/docs/ratelimiting.", cancellationToken: token);
        }
        else
        {
            await context.HttpContext.Response.WriteAsync(
                "Too many requests. Please try again later. " +
                "Read more about our rate limits at https://example.org/docs/ratelimiting.", cancellationToken: token);
        }
    };

    // ...
});

context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetService<ILoggerFactory>()?
                .CreateLogger("Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimitingMiddleware")
                .LogWarning("OnRejected: {RequestPath}", context.HttpContext.Request.Path);

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(options =>
{
    options.GlobalLimiter = PartitionedRateLimiter.CreateChained(
        PartitionedRateLimiter.Create<HttpContext, string>(httpContext =>
            RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(httpContext.ResolveClientIpAddress(), partition =>
                new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
                {
                    AutoReplenishment = true,
                    PermitLimit = 600,
                    Window = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1)
                })),
        PartitionedRateLimiter.Create<HttpContext, string>(httpContext =>
            RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(httpContext.ResolveClientIpAddress(), partition =>
                new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
                {
                    AutoReplenishment = true,
                    PermitLimit = 6000,
                    Window = TimeSpan.FromHours(1)
                })));

    // ...
});

PartitionedRateLimiter.Create<HttpContext, string>(httpContext =>
    RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(httpContext.ResolveClientIpAddress(), partition =>
        new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
        {
            AutoReplenishment = true,
            PermitLimit = 10,
            QueueLimit = 6,
            QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst,
            Window = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)
        })));

public class ExampleRateLimiterPolicy : IRateLimiterPolicy<string>
{
    public RateLimitPartition<string> GetPartition(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        if (httpContext.User.Identity?.IsAuthenticated == true)
        {
            return RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(httpContext.User.Identity.Name!,
                partition => new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
                {
                    AutoReplenishment = true,
                    PermitLimit = 1_000,
                    Window = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1),
                });
        }

        return RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(httpContext.Request.Headers.Host.ToString(),
            partition => new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
            {
                AutoReplenishment = true,
                PermitLimit = 100,
                Window = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1),
            });
    }

    public Func<OnRejectedContext, CancellationToken, ValueTask>? OnRejected { get; } =
        (context, _) =>
        {
            context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 418; // I'm a 🫖
            return new ValueTask();
        };
}

options.AddPolicy<string, ExampleRateLimiterPolicy>("myPolicy");

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(options =>
{
    options.AddFixedWindowLimiter("Api", options =>
    {
        options.AutoReplenishment = true;
        options.PermitLimit = 10;
        options.Window = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
    });

    options.AddFixedWindowLimiter("Web", options =>
    {
        options.AutoReplenishment = true;
        options.PermitLimit = 10;
        options.Window = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
    });

    // ...
});

options.AddPolicy("Api", httpContext =>
        RateLimitPartition.GetFixedWindowLimiter(httpContext.ResolveClientIpAddress(),
        partition => new FixedWindowRateLimiterOptions
        {
            AutoReplenishment = true,
            PermitLimit = 10,
            Window = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)
        }));

// Endpoint
app.MapGet("/api/hello", () => "Hello World!").RequireRateLimiting("Api");

// Group
app.MapGroup("/api/orders").RequireRateLimiting("Api");

// Endpoint
app.MapGet("/api/hello", () => "Hello World!").DisableRateLimiting();

// Group
app.MapGroup("/api/orders").DisableRateLimiting();

[EnableRateLimiting("Api")]
public class Orders : Controller
{
    [DisableRateLimiting]
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        return View();
    }

    [EnableRateLimiting("ApiListing")]
    public IActionResult List()
    {
        return View();
    }
}

app.UseConfiguredEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
    endpoints.MapRazorPages()
        .DisableRateLimiting();

    endpoints.MapControllers()
        .RequireRateLimiting("UserBasedRateLimiting");
});

 var words = text.Split(new[] { ' ' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
return words.Length;
 

[TestMethod]
public void TestInvalidChars()
{
    const string data = "To be . ! < > ( ) ! ! , ; : ' ? + -";
    Assert.AreEqual(2, data.WordsCount());
}

 var words = text.Split(
    new[] { ' ', ',', ';', '.', '!', '"', '(', ')', '?', ':', '\'', '«' , '»', '+', '-' },
    StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
return words.Length;

[TestMethod]
public void TestSimpleHtmlSpacesWithNewLine()
{
    const string data = "<b>this is&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;test.</b>\n\r<b>this is&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;test.</b>";
    Assert.AreEqual(8, data.WordsCount());
}

using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 
namespace ReadingTime
{
    public static class CalculateWordsCount
    {
        private static readonly Regex _matchAllTags =
            new Regex(@"<(.|\n)*?>", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled);
 
        public static int WordsCount(this string text)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))
            {
                return 0;
            }
 
            text = text.cleanTags().Trim();
            text = text.Replace("\t", " ");
            text = text.Replace("\n", " ");
            text = text.Replace("\r", " ");
 
            var words = text.Split(
                new[] { ' ', ',', ';', '.', '!', '"', '(', ')', '?', ':', '\'', '«' , '»', '+', '-' },
                StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            return words.Length;
        }
 
        private static string cleanTags(this string data)
        {
            return data.Replace("\n", "\n ").removeHtmlTags();
        }
 
        private static string removeHtmlTags(this string text)
        {
            return string.IsNullOrEmpty(text) ?
                        string.Empty :
                        _matchAllTags.Replace(text, " ").Replace("&nbsp;", " ");
        }
    }
}

using System;
 
namespace ReadingTime
{
    public static class CalculateReadingTime
    {
        public static string MinReadTime(this string text, int wordsPerMinute = 180)
        {
            var wordsCount = text.WordsCount();
            var minutes = wordsCount / wordsPerMinute;
            return minutes == 0 ? "کمتر از یک دقیقه" : TimeSpan.FromMinutes(minutes).toReadableString();
        }
 
        private static string toReadableString(this TimeSpan span)
        {
            var formatted = string.Format("{0}{1}{2}{3}",
                span.Duration().Days > 0 ? string.Format("{0:0} روز و ", span.Days) : string.Empty,
                span.Duration().Hours > 0 ? string.Format("{0:0} ساعت و ", span.Hours) : string.Empty,
                span.Duration().Minutes > 0 ? string.Format("{0:0} دقیقه و ", span.Minutes) : string.Empty,
                span.Duration().Seconds > 0 ? string.Format("{0:0} ثانیه", span.Seconds) : string.Empty);
 
            if (formatted.EndsWith("و "))
            {
                formatted = formatted.Substring(0, formatted.Length - 2);
            }
 
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(formatted))
            {
                formatted = "0 ثانیه";
            }
            return formatted.Trim();
        }
    }
}

 SELECT Customers.CustomerID, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers, Orders
WHERE  Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerID
FOR XML RAW

 <row CustomerID="ALFKI" OrderID="10643" />
<row CustomerID="ALFKI" OrderID="10692" />

 SELECT Customers.CustomerID, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers, Orders
WHERE  Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerID
FOR XML RAW, ELEMENTS

 <row>
  <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
  <OrderID>10643</OrderID>
</row>

 SELECT Customers.CustomerID,
Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers,
Orders
WHERE  Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY
Customers.CustomerID
FOR XML RAW('Customer'), ELEMENTS XSINIL, ROOT('Customers'), XMLSCHEMA('http://MyCustomers')

 <Customers>
  <Customer xmlns="http://MyCustomers">
     <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
     <OrderID>10643</OrderID>
  </Customer>

 SELECT Customers.CustomerID, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers, Orders
WHERE  Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerID
FOR XML AUTO, ELEMENTS

 <Customers>
  <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
  <Orders>
     <OrderID>10643</OrderID>
  </Orders>
  <Orders>
     <OrderID>10692</OrderID>
  </Orders>
</Customers>

 SELECT 1 AS Tag,
NULL AS Parent,
Customers.CustomerID AS [Customers!1!CustomerID],
NULL AS [Order!2!OrderId]
FROM Customers
UNION ALL
SELECT 2,
1,
Customers.CustomerID,
Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers,
Orders
WHERE  Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY
[Customers!1!CustomerID]
FOR XML EXPLICIT

 <Customers CustomerID="ALFKI">
  <Order OrderId="10643" />
  <Order OrderId="10692" />
  <Order OrderId="10702" />
  <Order OrderId="10835" />
  <Order OrderId="10952" />
  <Order OrderId="11011" />
</Customers>

 WITH XMLNAMESPACES('http://somens' AS au)
SELECT
  CustomerID AS [@au:CustomerID],
  CompanyName AS [Company/Name],
  ContactName AS [Contact/Name]  
FROM Customers
 FOR XML PATH('Customer')

 <Customer xmlns:au="http://somens" au:CustomerID="ALFKI">
  <Company>
       <Name>Alfreds Futterkiste</Name>
  </Company>
  <Contact>
      <Name>Maria Anders</Name>
  </Contact>
</Customer>

 FOR XML PATH('Customer'), Type

public class BasicMath : IBinaryOperations<int>
{
   public int Add(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 + arg2; }
 
   public int Subtract(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 - arg2; }
 
   public int Multiply(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 * arg2; }
 
   public int Divide(int arg1, int arg2)
   { return arg1 / arg2; }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
   Console.WriteLine("***** Generic Interfaces *****\n");
   BasicMath m = new BasicMath();
   Console.WriteLine("1 + 1 = {0}", m.Add(1, 1));
   Console.ReadLine();
}

public class BasicMath : IBinaryOperations<double>
{
   public double Add(double arg1, double arg2)
   { return arg1 + arg2; }
   ...
}