public abstract class BaseEntity
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
}

public class User : BaseEntity
{
   [Index(IsUnique = true)]
   public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
}

    public class UserRating : BaseEntity
    {
        public VoteSectionType SectionType { set; get; }

        public double RatingValue { get; set; }

        public int SectionId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("UserId")]
        public virtual User User { set; get; }
        public int UserId { set; get; }
    }

    public class UserRating : BaseEntity
    {
        [Index("IX_Single_UserRating", IsUnique = true, Order = 1)] //کلید منحصربفرد ترکیبی روی سه ستون
        public VoteSectionType SectionType { set; get; }

        public double RatingValue { get; set; }

        [Index("IX_Single_UserRating", IsUnique = true, Order = 2)]
        public int SectionId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("UserId")]
        public virtual User User { set; get; }

        [Index("IX_Single_UserRating", IsUnique = true, Order = 3)]
        public int? UserId { set; get; }
    }

 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX [IX_Single_UserRating]
ON [UserRatings] ([SectionType] ASC,[SectionId] ASC,[UserId] ASC);

      public virtual User DeletedBy { get; set; }
        public virtual TForeignKey DeletedById { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<Category> CategoriesCreated { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Category> CategoriesDeleted { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Category> CategoriesModified { get; set; }

using var dbContext = new MyDbContext();
var objectToDelete = await dbContext.Objects.FirstAsync(o => o.Id == id);
dbContext.Objects.Remove(objectToDelete);
await dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();

using var dbContext = new MyDbContext();
var objectToDelete = new MyObject { Id = id };
dbContext.Objects.Remove(objectToDelete);
await dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();

await dbContext.Objects.Where(x => x.Id == id).ExecuteDeleteAsync();

public class User
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public required string FirstName { get; set; }
    public required string LastName { get; set; }
    public virtual List<Book> Books { get; set; } = new();
    public virtual Address? Address { get; set; }
}

public class Book
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public required string Type { get; set; }
    public required string Name { get; set; }

    public virtual User User { get; set; } = default!;
    public int UserId { get; set; }
}

public class Address
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public required string Street { get; set; }
    
    public virtual User User { get; set; } = default!;
    public int UserId { get; set; }
}

public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
{
    public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options) : base(options)
    {
    }

    public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; } = default!;

    public DbSet<Book> Books { get; set; } = default!;

    public DbSet<Address> Addresses { get; set; } = default!;
}

context.Books.Where(book => book.Name.Contains("1")).ExecuteDelete();

DELETE FROM [b]
FROM [Books] AS [b]
WHERE [b].[Name] LIKE N'%1%'

context.Users.Where(user => user.Id <= 500).ExecuteDelete();

DELETE FROM [u]
FROM [Users] AS [u]
WHERE [u].[Id] <= 500

The DELETE statement conflicted with the REFERENCE constraint "FK_Books_Users_UserId".
The conflict occurred in database "EF7BulkOperations", table "dbo.Books", column 'UserId'.

public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
{
    public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options) : base(options)
    {
    }

    public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; } = default!;

    public DbSet<Book> Books { get; set; } = default!;

    public DbSet<Address> Addresses { get; set; } = default!;

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

        modelBuilder
            .Entity<User>()
            .HasMany(user => user.Books)
            .WithOne(book => book.User)
            .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);

        modelBuilder
            .Entity<User>()
            .HasOne(user => user.Address)
            .WithOne(address => address.User)
            .HasForeignKey<Address>(address => address.UserId)
            .OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Cascade);
    }
}

context.Users.Where(user => user.Id <= 400)
   .ExecuteUpdate(p => p.SetProperty(user => user.LastName,  user => "Updated"));

UPDATE [u]
SET [u].[LastName] = N'Updated'
FROM [Users] AS [u]
WHERE [u].[Id] <= 400

UPDATE [u]
SET [u].[LastName] = N'Updated' + [u].[LastName]
FROM [Users] AS [u]
WHERE [u].[Id] <= 300

context.Users.Where(user => user.Id <= 800)
   .ExecuteUpdate(p => p.SetProperty(user => user.LastName,
        user => "Updated" + user.LastName)
             .SetProperty(user => user.FirstName,
                 user => "Updated" + user.FirstName));

UPDATE [u]
SET [u].[FirstName] = N'Updated' + [u].[FirstName],
[u].[LastName] = N'Updated' + [u].[LastName]
FROM [Users] AS [u]
WHERE [u].[Id] <= 800

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<BearerTokensOptions>(options => Configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens").Bind(options));

            services
                .AddAuthentication(options =>
                {
                    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultSignInScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                })
                .AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
                {
                    cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                    cfg.SaveToken = true;
                    cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                    {
                        ValidIssuer = Configuration["BearerTokens:Issuer"],
                        ValidAudience = Configuration["BearerTokens:Audience"],
                        IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["BearerTokens:Key"])),
                        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                        ValidateLifetime = true,
                        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero
                    };
                    cfg.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
                    {
                        OnAuthenticationFailed = context =>
                        {
                            var logger = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ILoggerFactory>().CreateLogger(nameof(JwtBearerEvents));
                            logger.LogError("Authentication failed.", context.Exception);
                            return Task.CompletedTask;
                        },
                        OnTokenValidated = context =>
                        {
                            var tokenValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenValidatorService>();
                            return tokenValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
                        },
                        OnMessageReceived = context =>
                         {
                             return Task.CompletedTask;
                         },
                        OnChallenge = context =>
                        {
                            var logger = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ILoggerFactory>().CreateLogger(nameof(JwtBearerEvents));
                            logger.LogError("OnChallenge error", context.Error, context.ErrorDescription);
                            return Task.CompletedTask;
                        }
                    };
                });

{
  "BearerTokens": {
    "Key": "This is my shared key, not so secret, secret!",
    "Issuer": "http://localhost/",
    "Audience": "Any",
    "AccessTokenExpirationMinutes": 2,
    "RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes": 60
  }
}

[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]

$.ajax({
     headers: { 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + jwtToken },

const string tokenKey = "my.custom.jwt.token.key";
if (context.HttpContext.Items.ContainsKey(tokenKey))
{
    context.Token = (string)context.HttpContext.Items[tokenKey];
}

OnTokenValidated = context =>
{
      var tokenValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenValidatorService>();
      return tokenValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
},

    public class TokenValidatorService : ITokenValidatorService
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        private readonly ITokenStoreService _tokenStoreService;

        public TokenValidatorService(IUsersService usersService, ITokenStoreService tokenStoreService)
        {
            _usersService = usersService;
            _usersService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(usersService));

            _tokenStoreService = tokenStoreService;
            _tokenStoreService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(_tokenStoreService));
        }

        public async Task ValidateAsync(TokenValidatedContext context)
        {
            var userPrincipal = context.Principal;

            var claimsIdentity = context.Principal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
            {
                context.Fail("This is not our issued token. It has no claims.");
                return;
            }

            var serialNumberClaim = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber);
            if (serialNumberClaim == null)
            {
                context.Fail("This is not our issued token. It has no serial.");
                return;
            }

            var userIdString = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData).Value;
            if (!int.TryParse(userIdString, out int userId))
            {
                context.Fail("This is not our issued token. It has no user-id.");
                return;
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || user.SerialNumber != serialNumberClaim.Value || !user.IsActive)
            {
                // user has changed his/her password/roles/stat/IsActive
                context.Fail("This token is expired. Please login again.");
            }

            var accessToken = context.SecurityToken as JwtSecurityToken;
            if (accessToken == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken.RawData) ||
                !await _tokenStoreService.IsValidTokenAsync(accessToken.RawData, userId).ConfigureAwait(false))
            {
                context.Fail("This token is not in our database.");
                return;
            }

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
    }

    public class UserToken
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string AccessTokenHash { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset AccessTokenExpiresDateTime { get; set; }

        public string RefreshTokenIdHash { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset RefreshTokenExpiresDateTime { get; set; }

        public int UserId { get; set; } // one-to-one association
        public virtual User User { get; set; }
    }

    public interface ITokenStoreService
    {
        Task AddUserTokenAsync(UserToken userToken);
        Task AddUserTokenAsync(
                User user, string refreshToken, string accessToken,
                DateTimeOffset refreshTokenExpiresDateTime, DateTimeOffset accessTokenExpiresDateTime);
        Task<bool> IsValidTokenAsync(string accessToken, int userId);
        Task DeleteExpiredTokensAsync();
        Task<UserToken> FindTokenAsync(string refreshToken);
        Task DeleteTokenAsync(string refreshToken);
        Task InvalidateUserTokensAsync(int userId);
        Task<(string accessToken, string refreshToken)> CreateJwtTokens(User user);
    }

        private async Task<string> createAccessTokenAsync(User user, DateTime expires)
        {
            var claims = new List<Claim>
            {
                // Unique Id for all Jwt tokes
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
                // Issuer
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, _configuration.Value.Issuer),
                // Issued at
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTime.UtcNow.ToUnixEpochDate().ToString(), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id.ToString()),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Username),
                new Claim("DisplayName", user.DisplayName),
                // to invalidate the cookie
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber, user.SerialNumber),
                // custom data
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, user.Id.ToString())
            };

            // add roles
            var roles = await _rolesService.FindUserRolesAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);
            foreach (var role in roles)
            {
                claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role.Name));
            }

            var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_configuration.Value.Key));
            var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
            var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: _configuration.Value.Issuer,
                audience: _configuration.Value.Audience,
                claims: claims,
                notBefore: DateTime.UtcNow,
                expires: expires,
                signingCredentials: creds);
            return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
        }

<ItemGroup>
   <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

        public async Task<(string accessToken, string refreshToken)> CreateJwtTokens(User user)
        {
            var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
            var accessTokenExpiresDateTime = now.AddMinutes(_configuration.Value.AccessTokenExpirationMinutes);
            var refreshTokenExpiresDateTime = now.AddMinutes(_configuration.Value.RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes);
            var accessToken = await createAccessTokenAsync(user, accessTokenExpiresDateTime.UtcDateTime).ConfigureAwait(false);
            var refreshToken = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "");

            await AddUserTokenAsync(user, refreshToken, accessToken, refreshTokenExpiresDateTime, accessTokenExpiresDateTime).ConfigureAwait(false);
            await _uow.SaveChangesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

            return (accessToken, refreshToken);
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Login([FromBody]  User loginUser)
        {
            if (loginUser == null)
            {
                return BadRequest("user is not set.");
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(loginUser.Username, loginUser.Password).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || !user.IsActive)
            {
                return Unauthorized();
            }

            var (accessToken, refreshToken) = await _tokenStoreService.CreateJwtTokens(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
            return Ok(new { access_token = accessToken, refresh_token = refreshToken });
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> RefreshToken([FromBody]JToken jsonBody)
        {
            var refreshToken = jsonBody.Value<string>("refreshToken");
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(refreshToken))
            {
                return BadRequest("refreshToken is not set.");
            }

            var token = await _tokenStoreService.FindTokenAsync(refreshToken);
            if (token == null)
            {
                return Unauthorized();
            }

            var (accessToken, newRefreshToken) = await _tokenStoreService.CreateJwtTokens(token.User).ConfigureAwait(false);
            return Ok(new { access_token = accessToken, refresh_token = newRefreshToken });
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpGet("[action]"), HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<bool> Logout()
        {
            var claimsIdentity = this.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            var userIdValue = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData)?.Value;

            // The Jwt implementation does not support "revoke OAuth token" (logout) by design.
            // Delete the user's tokens from the database (revoke its bearer token)
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(userIdValue) && int.TryParse(userIdValue, out int userId))
            {
                await _tokenStoreService.InvalidateUserTokensAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }
            await _tokenStoreService.DeleteExpiredTokensAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
            await _uow.SaveChangesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

            return true;
        }

    public class Article
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Body { get; set; }
        public string RegisterDate { get; set; }
        public string FileName { get; set; }
    }