public class Student
   {
       public int Id { get; set; }
       public string Name { get; set; }
       public string Family { get; set; }
       public DateTime Birthdate { get; set; }
       public string Tel { get; set; }
       public string CellPhone { get; set; }
       [Email]
       public string Email { get; set; }
   }

 public class StudentViewModel
    {      
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Family { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
    }

public ActionResult Index()
   {
      var model = db.Students.ToList();
      AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap<Student,StudentViewModel>();
      var studentViewModel = AutoMapper.Mapper.Map<List<Student>, IEnumerable<StudentViewModel>>(model);
      return View(studentViewModel);
    }

 AutoMapper.Mapper.CreateMap<Student,StudentViewModel>();

An exception of type 'AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException' occurred in AutoMapper.dll but was not handled in user code

public class Documents
    {
        [Key]
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "تاریخ")]
        public string Date { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "تاریخ میلادی")]
        public DateTime? EnDate { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "روز هفته")]
        public string Day { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "بهداشتی نقدی ")]
        public string BehdashtiNaghdi { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "بهداشتی کارتخوان")]
        public string BehdashtiPose { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "فیش بستری نقدی")]
        public string FishBastariNaghdi { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "فیش بستری کارتخوان")]
        public string FishBastariPose { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "تعداد فیش")]
        public string FishCount { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "سرپایی نقدی")]
        public string SarepayiNaghdi { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "سرپایی کارتخوان")]
        public string SarepayiPose { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "تعداد نسخه")]
        public string Noskhecount { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "صندوق شماره 1")]
        public string SandoghNumberOne { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "صندوق شماره 2")]
        public string SandoghNumberTow { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "تعداد فیش‌های کارتخوان")]
        public string PoseResidCount { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "نمره دکتر")]
        public string DoctosrRate { set; get; }

        [Display(Name = "توضیحات")]
        public string Description { set; get; }
        
        [Display(Name = "توسط کاربر")]
        [ForeignKey("User")]
        public virtual Users Users { get; set; }
        public int User { get; set; }

        [Display(Name = "پزشک شیفت")]
        [ForeignKey("Doctor")]
        public virtual Doctors Doctors { get; set; }
        public int Doctor { get; set; }

        [Display(Name = "شیفت")]
        [ForeignKey("Shift")]
        public virtual Shift ShiftsShift { get; set; }
        public int Shift { get; set; }

        [Display(Name = "نام بیمارستان")]
        [ForeignKey("HospitalId")]
        public virtual Hospitals Hospitals { get; set; }
        public int? HospitalId { get; set; }

    }

using EntityFramework.BulkInsert.Extensions;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace AutoMapperComparison.Models
{
    public class AppDbContextInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<AppDbContext>
    {
        protected override void Seed(AppDbContext context)
        {
            User user = context.Users.Add(new User { Name = "Test" });

            context.SaveChanges();

            List<Address> addresses = new List<Address>();

            for (int i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
            {
                addresses.Add(new Address { Id = i, Code = 1, Title = "Test", UserId = user.Id });
            }

            context.BulkInsert(addresses);

            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public class AppDbContext : DbContext
    {
        static AppDbContext()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new AppDbContextInitializer());

            //Database.SetInitializer<AppDbContext>(null);
        }

        public AppDbContext()
            : base(new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=AppDbContext;Integrated Security=True"), contextOwnsConnection: true)
        {
            Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;
            Configuration.EnsureTransactionsForFunctionsAndCommands = false;
            Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false;
            Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
            Configuration.ValidateOnSaveEnabled = false;
            Configuration.UseDatabaseNullSemantics = false;
        }

        public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }

        public DbSet<Address> Addresses { get; set; }
    }
}

حال نتایج بدست آمده، در قسمت پایین‌تر آن نمایان میشود:

البته نتیجه‌ی این آزمایش بسته به سخت افزار سیستم شما ممکن است کمی متفاوت باشد.

در سه آزمایش دیگر به صورت متوالی نتیجه‌ی زیر بدست آمد:

اگر این مقدار جزئی از تفاوت بین دو نوع مختلف آزمایش را مورد نظر نگیریم، میتوان گفت که هر دو روش نتیجه‌ی کاملا یکسانی خواهند داشت. فقط با استفاده از AutoMapper کد‌های کمتری نوشته شده‌است!

اما دلیل چیست؟ از آنجایی که ProjectTo از Dto به Model انجام شده و Lambda Expressionی که به سمت Entity Framework فرستاده شده‌است با روش Normal کاملا برابر است و بقیه‌ی عملیات توسط EF انجام میشود، با قاطعیت میتوان گفت که هر دو روش ذکر شده از نظر Performance کاملا یکسان خواهند بود.

نکته: البته به این موضوع باید توجه شود که اگر همین آزمایش را بطور مثال با استفاده از یک Listی از رکورد‌های درون Memory ساخته شده توسط خودمان انجام دهیم، آن موقع نتیجه‌ی یکسانی نخواهیم داشت، به دلیل اینکه EFی دیگر وجود نخواهد داشت که مسئولیت بازگشت داده‌ها را بر عهده بگیرد. از آنجائیکه اکثر کارهایی که توقع داریم AutoMapper برای ما انجام دهد، توسط ORM بازگشت داده میشود، پس میتوان گفت نکته‌ی فوق تقریبا در دنیای واقعی رخ نخواهد داد و باعث مشکل نخواهد شد.

 public class Blog
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string AuthorName { set; get; }
        public IList<Post> Posts { set; get; }        
    }

get
{
return ?
}
set 
{
//push calculated private field to db ?
}

var email = "email@example.com";
var isValid = ValidateEmail(email, out string message);
if (isValid)
{
    //do something
}

        public OperationResult ValidateEmail(string email)
        {
            var result = new OperationResult();

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email))
            {
                result.Success = false;
                result.AddMessage("email is null.");
            }

            if (result.Success)
            {
                var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression
                if (!isValidFormat)
                {
                    result.Success = false;
                    result.AddMessage("email is not in a correct format");
                }
            }

            if (result.Success)
            {
                var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists.
                if (!isRealDoamin)
                {
                    result.Success = false;
                    result.AddMessage("email does not include a valid domain.");
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

این بار خروجی متد مذکور از نوع OperationResult ای می‌باشد که هم موفقیت آمیز بودن یا عدم آن را مشخص می‌کند و همچنین امکان دسترسی به لیست پیغام‌های مرتبط با اعتبارسنجی‌های انجام شده، وجود دارد.

    [Serializable]
    public class MvcAjaxResponse : MvcAjaxResponse<object>
    {
        public MvcAjaxResponse()
        {
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(bool success)
            : base(success)
        {
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(object result)
            : base(result)
        {
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(ErrorInfo error, bool unAuthorizedRequest = false)
            : base(error, unAuthorizedRequest)
        {
        }
    }
   

    [Serializable]
    public class MvcAjaxResponse<TResult> : MvcAjaxResponseBase
    {
        public MvcAjaxResponse(TResult result)
        {
            Result = result;
            Success = true;
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse()
        {
            Success = true;
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(bool success)
        {
            Success = success;
        }

        public MvcAjaxResponse(ErrorInfo error, bool unAuthorizedRequest = false)
        {
            Error = error;
            UnAuthorizedRequest = unAuthorizedRequest;
            Success = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     The actual result object of AJAX request.
        ///     It is set if <see cref="MvcAjaxResponseBase.Success" /> is true.
        /// </summary>
        public TResult Result { get; set; }
    }

    public class MvcAjaxResponseBase
    {
        public string TargetUrl { get; set; }

        public bool Success { get; set; }

        public ErrorInfo Error { get; set; }

        public bool UnAuthorizedRequest { get; set; }

        public bool __mvc { get; } = true;
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class EntityNotFoundException : Exception
    {
        public Type EntityType { get; set; }
        public object Id { get; set; }
        public EntityNotFoundException()
        {
        }

        public EntityNotFoundException(string message)
            : base(message)
        {

        }

        public EntityNotFoundException(string message, Exception innerException)
            : base(message, innerException)
        {
        }

        public EntityNotFoundException(SerializationInfo serializationInfo, StreamingContext context)
            : base(serializationInfo, context)
        {

        }
        public EntityNotFoundException(Type entityType, object id)
            : this(entityType, id, null)
        {

        }
        public EntityNotFoundException(Type entityType, object id, Exception innerException)
            : base($"There is no such an entity. Entity type: {entityType.FullName}, id: {id}", innerException)
        {
            EntityType = entityType;
            Id = id;
        }

    }

        public async Task<UserOrganizationalUnitInfo> GetCurrentOrganizationalUnitInfoOrNullAsync(long userId)
        {
            return (await _setting.GetSettingValueForUserAsync(
                    UserSettingNames.CurrentOrganizationalUnitInfo, userId).ConfigureAwait(false))
                .FromJsonString<UserOrganizationalUnitInfo>();
        }

IUrlHelper urlHelper = new UrlHelper(_actionContextAccessor.ActionContext); 
adminMenu.ChildsList.Add(new ChildMenu()
                {
                    Text = "مدیریت کاربران",
                    Url = urlHelper.Action("Index","UserManager",values:new{area:"Identity"})
                });

public class BaseEntity : IBaseEntity
{
   [JsonIgnore]
   int Id { get; set; } 

   [JsonIgnore] 
    string? Audit { get; set; }
}

public class AuditSourceValues
{
    [JsonProperty("hn")]
    public string? HostName { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("mn")]
    public string? MachineName { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("rip")]
    public string? RemoteIpAddress { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("lip")]
    public string? LocalIpAddress { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("ua")]
    public string? UserAgent { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("an")]
    public string? ApplicationName { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("av")]
    public string? ApplicationVersion { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("cn")]
    public string? ClientName { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("cv")]
    public string? ClientVersion { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("o")]
    public string? Other { get; set; }
}

public class EntityAudit<TEntity>
{
    [JsonProperty("type")]
    [JsonConverter(typeof(StringEnumConverter))]
    public EntityEventType EventType { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("user", NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
    public int? ActorUserId { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("at")]
    public DateTime ActDateTime { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("sources")]
    public AuditSourceValues? AuditSourceValues { get; set; }

    [JsonProperty("newValues", NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Include)]
    public TEntity NewEntity { get; set; } = default!;

    public string? SerializeJson()
    {
        return JsonSerializer.Serialize(this, 
            options: new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = false, IgnoreNullValues = true }); 
    }
}

public enum EntityEventType
{
    Create = 0,
    Update = 1,
    Delete = 2
}

public interface IAuditSourcesProvider
{
    AuditSourceValues GetAuditSourceValues();
}

public class AuditSourcesProvider : IAuditSourcesProvider
{
    protected readonly IHttpContextAccessor HttpContextAccessor;

    public AuditSourcesProvider(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
    {
        HttpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
    }

    public virtual AuditSourceValues GetAuditSourceValues()
    {
        var httpContext = HttpContextAccessor.HttpContext;

        return new AuditSourceValues
        {
            HostName = GetHostName(httpContext),
            MachineName = GetComputerName(httpContext),
            LocalIpAddress = GetLocalIpAddress(httpContext),
            RemoteIpAddress = GetRemoteIpAddress(httpContext),
            UserAgent = GetUserAgent(httpContext),
            ApplicationName = GetApplicationName(httpContext),
            ClientName = GetClientName(httpContext),
            ClientVersion = GetClientVersion(httpContext),
            ApplicationVersion = GetApplicationVersion(httpContext),
            Other = GetOther(httpContext)
        };
    }

    protected virtual string? GetUserAgent(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return httpContext.Request?.Headers["User-Agent"].ToString();
    }

    protected virtual string? GetRemoteIpAddress(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return httpContext.Connection?.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString();
    }

    protected virtual string? GetLocalIpAddress(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return httpContext.Connection?.LocalIpAddress?.ToString();
    }

    protected virtual string GetHostName(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return httpContext.Request.Host.ToString();
    }

    protected virtual string GetComputerName(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return Environment.MachineName;
    }
    protected virtual string? GetApplicationName(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.GetName().Name;
    }

    protected virtual string? GetApplicationVersion(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.GetName().Version.ToString();
    }

    protected virtual string? GetClientVersion(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return httpContext.Request?.Headers["client-version"];
    }
    protected virtual string? GetClientName(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return httpContext.Request?.Headers["client-name"];
    }

    protected virtual string? GetOther(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        return null;
    }
}

public interface IEntityAuditProvider
{
    string? GetAuditValues(EntityEventType eventType, object? entity, string? previousJsonAudit = null);
}

public class EntityAuditProvider : IEntityAuditProvider
{
    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;
    private readonly IAuditSourcesProvider _auditSourcesProvider;

    #region Constructor Injections

    public EntityAuditProvider(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor, IAuditSourcesProvider auditSourcesProvider)
    {
        _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
        _auditSourcesProvider = auditSourcesProvider;
    }

    #endregion

    public virtual string? GetAuditValues(EntityEventType eventType, object? newEntity, string? previousJsonAudit = null)
    {
        var httpContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
        int? userId;

        var user = httpContext.User;

        if (!user.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            userId = null;
        else
            userId = user.Claims.Where(x => x.Type == "UserID").Select(x => x.Value).First().ToInt();

        var auditSourceValues = _auditSourcesProvider.GetAuditSourceValues();

        var auditJArray = new JArray();

        // Update & Delete
        if (eventType == EntityEventType.Update || eventType == EntityEventType.Delete)
        {
            auditJArray = JArray.Parse(previousJsonAudit!);
        }

        // Delete => No NewValues
        if (eventType == EntityEventType.Delete)
        {
            newEntity = null;
        }

        JObject newAuditJObject = JObject.FromObject(new EntityAudit<object?>
        {
            EventType = eventType,
            ActorUserId = userId,
            ActDateTime = DateTime.Now,
            AuditSourceValues = auditSourceValues,
            NewEntity = newEntity
        }, new JsonSerializer
        {
            NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore,
            Formatting = Formatting.None
        });

        auditJArray.Add(newAuditJObject);

        return auditJArray.SerializeToJson(true);
    }
}

public class AuditSaveChangesInterceptor : SaveChangesInterceptor
{
    private readonly IEntityAuditProvider _entityAuditProvider;

    #region Constructor Injections

    public AuditSaveChangesInterceptor(IEntityAuditProvider entityAuditProvider)
    {
        _entityAuditProvider = entityAuditProvider;
    }

    #endregion

    public override InterceptionResult<int> SavingChanges(DbContextEventData eventData, InterceptionResult<int> result)
    {
        ApplyAudits(eventData.Context.ChangeTracker);
        return base.SavingChanges(eventData, result);
    }

    public override ValueTask<InterceptionResult<int>> SavingChangesAsync(DbContextEventData eventData, InterceptionResult<int> result,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken())
    {
        ApplyAudits(eventData.Context.ChangeTracker);
        return base.SavingChangesAsync(eventData, result, cancellationToken);
    }

    private void ApplyAudits(ChangeTracker changeTracker)
    {
        ApplyCreateAudits(changeTracker);
        ApplyUpdateAudits(changeTracker);
        ApplyDeleteAudits(changeTracker);
    }

    private void ApplyCreateAudits(ChangeTracker changeTracker)
    {
        var addedEntries = changeTracker.Entries()
            .Where(x => x.State == EntityState.Added);

        foreach (var addedEntry in addedEntries)
        {
            if (addedEntry.Entity is IBaseEntity entity)
            {              
                entity.Audit = _entityAuditProvider.GetAuditValues(EntityEventType.Create, entity);
            }
        }
    }

    private void ApplyUpdateAudits(ChangeTracker changeTracker)
    {
        var modifiedEntries = changeTracker.Entries()
            .Where(x => x.State == EntityState.Modified);

        foreach (var modifiedEntry in modifiedEntries)
        {
            if (modifiedEntry.Entity is IBaseEntity entity)
            {
                var eventType = entity.IsArchived ? EntityEventType.Delete : EntityEventType.Update; // Maybe Soft Delete
                entity.Audit = _entityAuditProvider.GetAuditValues(eventType, entity, entity.Audit);
            }
        }
    }

    private void ApplyDeleteAudits(ChangeTracker changeTracker)
    {
        var deletedEntries = changeTracker.Entries()
            .Where(x => x.State == EntityState.Deleted);

        foreach (var modifiedEntry in deletedEntries)
        {
            if (modifiedEntry.Entity is IBaseEntity entity)
            {
                entity.Audit = _entityAuditProvider.GetAuditValues(EntityEventType.Delete, entity, entity.Audit);
            }
        }
    }

}

services.AddDbContext<ATADbContext>((serviceProvider, options) =>
{
    options
        .UseSqlServer(...)

    // Interceptors
    var entityAuditProvider = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IEntityAuditProvider>();
    options.AddInterceptors(new AuditSaveChangesInterceptor(entityAuditProvider));

});

[
   {
      "type":"Create",
      "user":1,
      "at":"2020-11-24T23:05:54.2692711+03:30",
      "sources":{
         "hn":"localhost:44398",
         "mn":"DESKTOP-N1GAV2U",
         "rip":"::1",
         "lip":"::1",
         "ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36",
         "an":"Server.Api",
         "av":"1.0.0.0"
      },
      "newValues":{               
         "Name":"Farshad"
      }
   },
   {
      "type":"Update",
      "user":1,
      "at":"2020-11-24T23:06:20.0838188+03:30",
      "sources":{
         "hn":"localhost:44398",
         "mn":"DESKTOP-N1GAV2U",
         "rip":"::1",
         "lip":"::1",
         "ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36",
         "an":"Server.Api",
         "av":"1.0.0.0"
      },
      "newValues":{                 
         "Name":"Edited Farshad"
      }
   },
   {
      "type":"Delete",
      "user":null,
      "at":"2020-11-24T23:06:28.601837+03:30",
      "sources":{
         "hn":"localhost:44398",
         "mn":"DESKTOP-N1GAV2U",
         "rip":"::1",
         "lip":"::1",
         "ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36",
         "an":"Server.Api",
         "av":"1.0.0.0"
      },
      "newValues":null
   }
]