{
    "dependencies": {
      //same as before  
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc": "1.0.0"
 },

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc();

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
   app.UseFileServer();
   app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController
    {
        public string Index()
        {
            return "Running a POCO controller!";
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
    public class AboutController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return Content("Hello from DNT!");
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController
    {
        [ActionContext]
        public ActionContext ActionContext { get; set; }
 
        public HttpContext HttpContext => ActionContext.HttpContext;
 
        public string Index()
        {
            return "Running a POCO controller!";
        }
 
        public IActionResult About()
        {
            return new ContentResult
            {
                Content = "Hello from DNT!",
                ContentType = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
            };
        }
    }
}

{
    "type": "https://example.com/probs/out-of-credit",
    "title": "You do not have enough credit.",
    "detail": "Your current balance is 30, but that costs 50.",
    "instance": "/account/12345/msgs/abc",
    "status": 403,
}

var mediaType = response.Content.Headers.ContentType?.MediaType;
if (mediaType != null && mediaType.Equals("application/problem+json", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
{
   var problemDetails = await response.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<ProblemDetails>(null, ct) ?? new ProblemDetails();
   // ...
}

[HttpPost("/sales/products/{sku}/availableForSale")]
public async Task<IActionResult> AvailableForSale([FromRoute] string sku)
{
   return Problem(
            "Product is already Available For Sale.",
            "/sales/products/1/availableForSale",
            400,
            "Cannot set product as available.",
            "http://example.com/problems/already-available");
}

HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/problem+json
Content-Language: en
{
    "type": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.1",
    "title": "One or more validation errors occurred.",
    "status": 400,
    "errors": {
        "User": [
            "The user name is not verified."
        ]
    }
}

namespace WebApplication.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class DemoController : ControllerBase
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Post()
        {
            var problemDetails = new ProblemDetails
            {
                Detail = "The request parameters failed to validate.",
                Instance = null,
                Status = 400,
                Title = "Validation Error",
                Type = "https://example.net/validation-error",
            };

            problemDetails.Extensions.Add("invalidParams", new List<ValidationProblemDetailsParam>()
            {
                new("name", "Cannot be blank."),
                new("age", "Must be great or equals to 18.")
            });

            return new ObjectResult(problemDetails)
            {
                StatusCode = 400
            };
        }
    }

    public class ValidationProblemDetailsParam
    {
        public ValidationProblemDetailsParam(string name, string reason)
        {
            Name = name;
            Reason = reason;
        }

        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Reason { get; set; }
    }
}

services.AddProblemDetails();

app.UseExceptionHandler();

app.UseStatusCodePages();

app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

builder.Services.AddProblemDetails(options =>
    options.CustomizeProblemDetails = ctx =>
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Extensions.Add("MachineName", Environment.MachineName));

public class MyErrorFeature
{
    public ErrorType Error  { get; set; }
}
​
public enum ErrorType
{
    ArgumentException
}

    [HttpGet("{value}")]
    public IActionResult MyErrorTest(int value)
    {
        if (value <= 0)
        {
            var errorType = new MyErrorFeature
            {
                Error = ErrorType.ArgumentException
            };
            HttpContext.Features.Set(errorType);
            return BadRequest();
        }
​
        return Ok(value);
    }

services.AddProblemDetails(options =>
    options.CustomizeProblemDetails = ctx =>
    {
        var MyErrorFeature = ctx.HttpContext.Features.Get<MyErrorFeature>();
​
        if (MyErrorFeature is not null)
        {
            (string Title, string Detail, string Type) details = MyErrorFeature.Error switch
            {
                ErrorType.ArgumentException =>
                (
                    nameof(ArgumentException),
                    "This is an argument-exception.",
                    "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.5.1"
                ),
                _ =>
                (
                    nameof(Exception),
                    "default-exception",
                    "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.6.1"
                )
            };
​
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Title = details.Title;
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Detail = details.Detail;
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Type = details.Type;
        }
    }
);

public class MyCustomException : Exception
{
    public MyCustomException(
        string message,
        HttpStatusCode statusCode = HttpStatusCode.BadRequest
    ) : base(message)
    {
        StatusCode = statusCode;
    }
​
    public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; }
}

    [HttpGet("{value}")]
    public IActionResult MyErrorTest(int value)
    {
        if (value <= 0)
        {
            throw new MyCustomException("The value should be positive!");
        }
​
        return Ok(value);
    }

app.UseExceptionHandler(exceptionHandlerApp =>
{
    exceptionHandlerApp.Run(async context =>
    {
        context.Response.ContentType = "application/problem+json";
​
        if (context.RequestServices.GetService<IProblemDetailsService>() is { } problemDetailsService)
        {
            var exceptionHandlerFeature = context.Features.Get<IExceptionHandlerFeature>();
            var exceptionType = exceptionHandlerFeature?.Error;
​
            if (exceptionType is not null)
            {
                (string Title, string Detail, string Type, int StatusCode) details = exceptionType switch
                {
                    MyCustomException MyCustomException =>
                    (
                        exceptionType.GetType().Name,
                        exceptionType.Message,
                        "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.5.1",
                        context.Response.StatusCode = (int)MyCustomException.StatusCode
                    ),
                    _ =>
                    (
                        exceptionType.GetType().Name,
                        exceptionType.Message,
                        "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.6.1",
                        context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError
                    )
                };
​
                await problemDetailsService.WriteAsync(new ProblemDetailsContext
                {
                    HttpContext = context,
                    ProblemDetails =
                    {
                        Title = details.Title,
                        Detail = details.Detail,
                        Type = details.Type,
                        Status = details.StatusCode
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    });
});
​

public class ImageSize
    {
        public int Height
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public int Width
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
    }

public class ImageResizer
    {
        public ImageSize Resize(ImageSize originalSize, ImageSize targetSize)
        {
            var aspectRatio = (float)originalSize.Width / (float)originalSize.Height;
            var width = targetSize.Width;
            var height = targetSize.Height;

            if (originalSize.Width > targetSize.Width || originalSize.Height > targetSize.Height)
            {
                if (aspectRatio > 1)
                {
                    height = (int)(targetSize.Height / aspectRatio);
                }
                else
                {
                    width = (int)(targetSize.Width * aspectRatio);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                width = originalSize.Width;
                height = originalSize.Height;
            }

            return new ImageSize
            {
                Width = Math.Max(width, 1),
                Height = Math.Max(height, 1)
            };
        }
    }

 public class ThumbnailCreator
    {
        private static readonly IDictionary<string, ImageFormat> ImageFormats = new Dictionary<string, ImageFormat>{
            {"image/png", ImageFormat.Png},
            {"image/gif", ImageFormat.Gif},
            {"image/jpeg", ImageFormat.Jpeg}
        };

        private readonly ImageResizer resizer;

        public ThumbnailCreator()
        {
            this.resizer = new ImageResizer();
        }

        public byte[] Create(Stream source, ImageSize desiredSize, string contentType)
        {
            using (var image = Image.FromStream(source))
            {
                var originalSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Height = image.Height,
                    Width = image.Width
                };

                var size = resizer.Resize(originalSize, desiredSize);

                using (var thumbnail = new Bitmap(size.Width, size.Height))
                {
                    ScaleImage(image, thumbnail);

                    using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
                    {
                        thumbnail.Save(memoryStream, ImageFormats[contentType]);

                        return memoryStream.ToArray();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void ScaleImage(Image source, Image destination)
        {
            using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(destination))
            {
                graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
                graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
                graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
                graphics.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
                graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;

                graphics.DrawImage(source, 0, 0, destination.Width, destination.Height);
            }
        }
    }

private FileContentResult CreateThumbnail(string physicalPath)
        {
            using (var fileStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(physicalPath))
            {
                var desiredSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Width = ThumbnailWidth,
                    Height = ThumbnailHeight
                };


                string contentType = MimeMapping.GetMimeMapping(physicalPath);
                return File(thumbnailCreator.Create(fileStream, desiredSize, contentType), contentType);
            }
        }

 public virtual ActionResult GetThumbnail(string path)
        {
            path = GetSafeFileAndDirPath(path);
          //  return File(path, contentType); 
            return CreateThumbnail(path);
        }

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        //...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAutoMapper(typeof(MappingProfile).Assembly);

            services.AddScoped<IHotelRoomService, HotelRoomService>();
            services.AddScoped<IAmenityService, AmenityService>();
            services.AddScoped<IHotelRoomImageService, HotelRoomImageService>();

            var connectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

            services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>()
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
                .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

            //...

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="AutoMapper.Extensions.Microsoft.DependencyInjection" Version="8.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="5.6.3" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\BlazorServer\BlazorServer.DataAccess\BlazorServer.DataAccess.csproj" />
    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\BlazorServer\BlazorServer.Services\BlazorServer.Services.csproj" />
    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\BlazorServer\BlazorServer.Models.Mappings\BlazorServer.Models.Mappings.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=HotelManagement;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
  }
}

using BlazorServer.Models;
using BlazorServer.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class HotelRoomController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IHotelRoomService _hotelRoomService;

        public HotelRoomController(IHotelRoomService hotelRoomService)
        {
            _hotelRoomService = hotelRoomService;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public IAsyncEnumerable<HotelRoomDTO> GetHotelRooms()
        {
            return _hotelRoomService.GetAllHotelRoomsAsync();
        }

        [HttpGet("{roomId}")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetHotelRoom(int? roomId)
        {
            if (roomId == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new ErrorModel
                {
                    Title = "",
                    ErrorMessage = "Invalid Room Id",
                    StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest
                });
            }

            var roomDetails = await _hotelRoomService.GetHotelRoomAsync(roomId.Value);
            if (roomDetails == null)
            {
                return BadRequest(new ErrorModel
                {
                    Title = "",
                    ErrorMessage = "Invalid Room Id",
                    StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status404NotFound
                });
            }

            return Ok(roomDetails);
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class ErrorModel
    {
        public string Title { get; set; }

        public int StatusCode { get; set; }

        public string ErrorMessage { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
         // ... 

            services.AddCors(o => o.AddPolicy("HotelManagement", builder =>
            {
                builder.AllowAnyOrigin().AllowAnyMethod().AllowAnyHeader();
            }));

            services.AddControllers()
                    .AddJsonOptions(options =>
                    {
                        options.JsonSerializerOptions.PropertyNamingPolicy = null;
                        // To avoid `JsonSerializationException: Self referencing loop detected error`
                        options.JsonSerializerOptions.ReferenceHandler = ReferenceHandler.Preserve;
                    });
         // ... 
        }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            // ... 

            app.UseCors("HotelManagement");
            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthentication();
            // ...
        }
    }
}

public class NewProduct
    {
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public double Price { get; set; }

        public byte[] Pic { get; set; }
    }

public class ProductsController : ApiController
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public HttpResponseMessage PostProduct(NewProduct model)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                //  ثبت محصول 

                return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Created);
            }

            return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ModelState);
        }

    }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>ساخت MediaTypeFormatter برای Multipart/form-data</h1>
    <h2>محصول جدید</h2>

    <form id="newProduct" method="post" action="/api/products" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <div>
            <label for="name">نام محصول : </label>
            <input type="text" id="name" name="name" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <label for="price">قیمت : </label>
            <input type="number" id="price"  name="price" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <label for="pic">تصویر : </label>
            <input type="file" id="pic" name="pic" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <button type="submit">ثبت</button>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

یک کلاس به نام MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter می‌سازیم و کلاس MediaTypeFormatter را به عنوان کلاس پایه آن قرار می‌دهیم .

public class MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter : MediaTypeFormatter
{
    ...
}

ابتدا در تابع سازنده کلاس فرمت هایی که می‌خواهیم توسط این کلاس خوانده شوند را تعریف می‌کنیم :

        public MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter()
        {
            SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new MediaTypeHeaderValue("multipart/form-data"));
        }

سپس با پیاده سازی توابع CanReadType و CanWriteType مربوط به کلاس MediaTypeFormatter مشخص می‌کنیم که چه مدل‌هایی را می‌توان توسط این کلاس  serialize / deserialize کرد. در اینجا چون می‌خواهیم این کلاس محدود به یک مدل خاص نباشد، از یک اینترفیس برای شناسایی کلاس‌های مجاز استفاده می‌کنیم .

    public interface INeedMultiPartMediaTypeFormatter
    {
    }

و آنرا به کلاس newProduct اضافه می‌کنیم :

public class NewProduct : INeedMultiPartMediaTypeFormatter
{
 ...
}

        public override bool CanReadType(Type type)
        {
            return typeof(INeedMultiPartMediaTypeFormatter).IsAssignableFrom(type);
        }

        public override bool CanWriteType(Type type)
        {
            return false;
        }

و اما تابع ReadFromStreamAsync که کار خواندن محتوای ارسال شده و بایند کردن آنها به پارامترها را برعهده دارد 

public async override Task<object> ReadFromStreamAsync(Type type, Stream stream, HttpContent content, IFormatterLogger formatterLogger)

ابتدا محتوای ارسال شده را خوانده و اطلاعات فرم را استخراج می‌کنیم و از طرف دیگر با استفاده از کلاس Activator یک نمونه از مدل جاری را ساخته و لیست property‌های آنرا استخراج می‌کنیم.

            MultipartMemoryStreamProvider provider = await content.ReadAsMultipartAsync();
            IEnumerable<HttpContent> formData = provider.Contents.AsEnumerable();

            var modelInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
            IEnumerable<PropertyInfo> properties = type.GetProperties();

سپس در یک حلقه به ترتیب برای هر property متعلق به مدل، در میان اطلاعات فرم جستجو می‌کنیم. برای پیدا کردن اطلاعات متناظر با هر property در هدر Content-Disposition که در بالا توضیح داده شد، به دنبال فیلد همنام با property می‌گردیم .

            foreach (PropertyInfo prop in properties)
            {
                var propName = prop.Name.ToLower();
                var propType = prop.PropertyType;

                var data = formData.FirstOrDefault(d => d.Headers.ContentDisposition.Name.ToLower().Contains(propName));

 گفتیم که هر فیلد یک هدر، Content-Type هم می‌تواند داشته باشد. این هدر به صورت پیش فرض معادل text/plain است و برای فیلدهای عادی قرار داده نمی‌شود . در این مثال چون فقط یک فیلد غیر رشته ای داریم فرض را بر این گرفته ایم که در صورت وجود Content-Type، فیلد مربوط به تصویر است. در صورتیکهContentType  وجود داشته باشد، محتوای فیلد را به شکل Stream خوانده به byte[] تبدیل و با استفاده از متد SetValue در property مربوطه قرار می‌دهیم.

                if (data != null)
                {
                    if (data.Headers.ContentType != null)
                    {
                        using (var fileStream = await data.ReadAsStreamAsync())
                        {
                            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
                            {
                                fileStream.CopyTo(ms);
                                prop.SetValue(modelInstance, ms.ToArray());
                            }                            
                        }
                    }

در صورتی که Content-Type غایب باشد بدین معنی است که محتوای فیلد از نوع رشته است ( عدد ، تاریخ ، guid ، رشته ) و باید به نوع مناسب تبدیل شود. ابتدا آن را به صورت یک رشته می‌خوانیم و با استفاده از Convert.ChangeType آنرا به نوع مناسب تبدیل می‌کنیم و در property متناظر قرار می‌دهیم .

                if (data != null)
                {
                    if (data.Headers.ContentType != null)
                    {
                        //...
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        string rawVal = await data.ReadAsStringAsync();
                        object val = Convert.ChangeType(rawVal, propType);

                        prop.SetValue(modelInstance, val);
                    }
                }

return modelInstance;

config.Formatters.Add(new MultiPartMediaTypeFormatter());