TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory);

var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, string>();
 
var value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 1");
Console.WriteLine(value);
 
value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 2");
Console.WriteLine(value);

item 1
item 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, int>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                });
            });

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 13

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, Lazy<int>>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k => new Lazy<int>(() =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                }));
            });

            // Access the dictionary values to create lazy values.
            foreach (var pair in dictionary)
                Console.WriteLine(pair.Value.Value);

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 10

    public class LazyConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue>
    {
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>> _concurrentDictionary;
        public LazyConcurrentDictionary()
        {
            _concurrentDictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>>();
        }

        public TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory)
        {
            var lazyResult = _concurrentDictionary.GetOrAdd(key,
             k => new Lazy<TValue>(() => valueFactory(k), LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication));
            return lazyResult.Value;
        }
    }

static async IAsyncEnumerable<int> RangeAsync(int start, int count)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
  {
    await Task.Delay(i);
    yield return start + i;
  }
}

    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class CustomerController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IDictionary<int, Customer> _customers;
        private void FillCustomerFromMemory(int countOfCustomer)
        {
            for (int CustomerId = 1; CustomerId <= countOfCustomer; CustomerId++)
            {
                _customers.Add(key: CustomerId, new Customer($"name_{CustomerId}", CustomerId));
            }
        }
        public CustomerController()
        {
            _customers = new Dictionary<int, Customer>();
            FillCustomerFromMemory(countOfCustomer : 100);
        }
        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<IEnumerable<Customer>> Get()
        {
            var output = new List<Customer>();
            while (_customers.Any(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0))
            {
                var customer = _customers.First(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0);
                output.Add(new Customer(customer.Value.Name, customer.Key));
                await Task.Delay(500);
                _customers.Remove(customer);
            }
            return output;
        }

        public class Customer
        {
            public int Id { get; private set; }

            public string Name { get; private set; }
            public Customer(string name, int id)
            {
                Name = name;
                Id = id;
            }
        }
    }

  [HttpGet]
        public async IAsyncEnumerable<Customer> Get()
        {
            while (_customers.Any(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0))
            {
                var customer = _customers.First(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0);
                yield return new Customer(customer.Value.Name, customer.Key);
                _customers.Remove(customer);
                await Task.Delay(500);
            }
        }

const int TARGET = 80;
var _httpClient = new HttpClient();
using (var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(
    "https://localhost:7284/customer",
     HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead))
{
    var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();

    var _jsonSerializerSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
    var _serializer = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.Create(_jsonSerializerSettings);

    using TextReader textReader = new StreamReader(stream);
    using JsonReader jsonReader = new JsonTextReader(textReader);

    await using (stream.ConfigureAwait(false))
    {
        await jsonReader.ReadAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
        while (await jsonReader.ReadAsync().ConfigureAwait(false) &&
               jsonReader.TokenType != JsonToken.EndArray)
        {
            Customer customer = _serializer!.Deserialize<Customer>(jsonReader);
            if (customer.Id == TARGET)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(customer.Id + " : " + customer.Name);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

[HttpGet]
        public async IAsyncEnumerable<Customer> Get(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested && _customers.Any(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0))
            {
                var customer = _customers.First(_ => _.Key % 10 == 0);
                yield return new Customer(customer.Value.Name, customer.Key);
                _customers.Remove(customer);
                await Task.Delay(500,cancellationToken);
            }
        }

const int TARGET = 80;
var _httpClient = new HttpClient();
var _cancelationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

using (var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(
    "https://localhost:7284/customer",
     HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead,
     _cancelationTokenSource.Token))
{
    var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(_cancelationTokenSource.Token);

    var _jsonSerializerSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
    var _serializer = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer.Create(_jsonSerializerSettings);

    using TextReader textReader = new StreamReader(stream);
    using JsonReader jsonReader = new JsonTextReader(textReader);

    await using (stream.ConfigureAwait(false))
    {
        await jsonReader.ReadAsync(_cancelationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false);
        while (await jsonReader.ReadAsync(_cancelationTokenSource.Token).ConfigureAwait(false) &&
               jsonReader.TokenType != JsonToken.EndArray)
        {
            Customer customer = _serializer!.Deserialize<Customer>(jsonReader);
            if (customer.Id == TARGET)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(customer.Id + " : " + customer.Name);
                _cancelationTokenSource.Cancel();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

// from http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=14839
var connectionString = "Provider=VFPOLEDB.1;Data Source=" +
                       @"D:\path\JVJ100.DBF" +
                        ";Password=;Collating Sequence=MACHINE";
using (var dbConnection = new OleDbConnection(connectionString))
{
    using (var dataAdapter = new OleDbDataAdapter("select FAMILY from JVJ100.DBF", dbConnection))
    {
        using (var dataset = new DataSet())
        {
            dataAdapter.Fill(dataset, "table1");
 
            foreach (DataRow dataRow in dataset.Tables[0].Rows)
            {
                var familyIranSystem = dataRow[0] as string;
                var familyIranUnicode = ConvertTo.Unicode(familyIranSystem, 1256);
                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(familyIranUnicode))
                {
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

        void loadEntityConfigurations(Assembly asm, DbModelBuilder modelBuilder, string nameSpace)
        {
            var configurations = asm.GetTypes()
                                    .Where(type => type.BaseType != null &&
                                           type.Namespace == nameSpace &&
                                           type.BaseType.IsGenericType &&
                                           type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(EntityTypeConfiguration<>))
                                    .ToList();

            configurations.ForEach(type =>
               {
                   dynamic instance = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
                   modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(instance);
               });
        }

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;

namespace EFGeneral
{
    public class User
    {
        public int UserNumber { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    public class UserConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<User>
    {
        public UserConfig()
        {
            this.HasKey(x => x.UserNumber);
            this.Property(x => x.Name).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
        }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            // modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfig());

            var asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
            loadEntityConfigurations(asm, modelBuilder, "EFGeneral");
        }

        void loadEntityConfigurations(Assembly asm, DbModelBuilder modelBuilder, string nameSpace)
        {
            var configurations = asm.GetTypes()
                                    .Where(type => type.BaseType != null &&
                                           type.Namespace == nameSpace &&
                                           type.BaseType.IsGenericType &&
                                           type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(EntityTypeConfiguration<>))
                                    .ToList();

            configurations.ForEach(type =>
               {
                   dynamic instance = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
                   modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(instance);
               });
        }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            context.Users.Add(new User { Name = "name-1" });
            context.Users.Add(new User { Name = "name-2" });
            context.Users.Add(new User { Name = "name-3" });
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                var user1 = context.Users.Find(1);
                if (user1 != null)
                    Console.WriteLine(user1.Name);
            }
        }
    }
}

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf.parser;

namespace TestReaders
{
    class Program
    {
        private static void readPdf1()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
               var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new SimpleTextExtractionStrategy());
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            readPdf1();
        }
    }
}

 Test
ld Wor llo He
Hello People

        private static void readPdf2()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
                var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new LocationTextExtractionStrategy());
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

 Test
Hello World
Hello People

        static void writePdf2()
        {
            using (var document = new Document(PageSize.A4))
            {
                var writer = PdfWriter.GetInstance(document, new FileStream("test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
                document.Open();

                FontFactory.Register("c:\\windows\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf");
                var tahoma = FontFactory.GetFont("tahoma", BaseFont.IDENTITY_H);

                ColumnText.ShowTextAligned(
                            canvas: writer.DirectContent,
                            alignment: Element.ALIGN_CENTER,
                            phrase: new Phrase("تست می‌شود", tahoma),
                            x: 100,
                            y: 100,
                            rotation: 0,
                            runDirection: PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL,
                            arabicOptions: 0);                
            }

            Process.Start("test.pdf");
        }

ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ ﺖﺴﺗ

        private static void readPdf2()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
                var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new LocationTextExtractionStrategy());                
                text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text));
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text, Encoding.UTF8);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

 ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ ﺖﺴﺗ

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security;

namespace TestReaders
{
    [SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
    class GdiMethods
    {
        [DllImport("GDI32.dll")]
        public static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hgdiobj);

        [DllImport("gdi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern uint GetCharacterPlacement(IntPtr hdc, string lpString, int nCount, int nMaxExtent, [In, Out] ref GcpResults lpResults, uint dwFlags);

        [DllImport("GDI32.dll")]
        public static extern IntPtr SelectObject(IntPtr hdc, IntPtr hgdiobj);
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct GcpResults
    {
        public uint lStructSize;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
        public string lpOutString;
        public IntPtr lpOrder;
        public IntPtr lpDx;
        public IntPtr lpCaretPos;
        public IntPtr lpClass;
        public IntPtr lpGlyphs;
        public uint nGlyphs;
        public int nMaxFit;
    }

    public class UnicodeCharacterPlacement
    {
        const int GcpReorder = 0x0002;
        GCHandle _caretPosHandle;
        GCHandle _classHandle;
        GCHandle _dxHandle;
        GCHandle _glyphsHandle;
        GCHandle _orderHandle;

        public Font Font { set; get; }

        public string Apply(string lines)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lines))
                return string.Empty;

            return Apply(lines.Split('\n')).Aggregate((s1, s2) => s1 + s2);
        }

        public IEnumerable<string> Apply(IEnumerable<string> lines)
        {
            if (Font == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("Font is null.");

            if (!hasUnicodeText(lines))
                return lines;

            var graphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(IntPtr.Zero);
            var hdc = graphics.GetHdc();
            try
            {
                var font = (Font)Font.Clone();
                var hFont = font.ToHfont();
                var fontObject = GdiMethods.SelectObject(hdc, hFont);
                try
                {
                    var results = new List<string>();
                    foreach (var line in lines)
                        results.Add(modifyCharactersPlacement(line, hdc));
                    return results;
                }
                finally
                {
                    GdiMethods.DeleteObject(fontObject);
                    GdiMethods.DeleteObject(hFont);
                    font.Dispose();
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                graphics.ReleaseHdc(hdc);
                graphics.Dispose();
            }
        }

        void freeResources()
        {
            _orderHandle.Free();
            _dxHandle.Free();
            _caretPosHandle.Free();
            _classHandle.Free();
            _glyphsHandle.Free();
        }

        static bool hasUnicodeText(IEnumerable<string> lines)
        {
            return lines.Any(line => line.Any(chr => chr >= '\u00FF'));
        }

        void initializeResources(int textLength)
        {
            _orderHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new int[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _dxHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new int[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _caretPosHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new int[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _classHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new byte[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _glyphsHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new short[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
        }

        string modifyCharactersPlacement(string text, IntPtr hdc)
        {
            var textLength = text.Length;
            initializeResources(textLength);
            try
            {
                var gcpResult = new GcpResults
                {
                    lStructSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(GcpResults)),
                    lpOutString = new String('\0', textLength),
                    lpOrder = _orderHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpDx = _dxHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpCaretPos = _caretPosHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpClass = _classHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpGlyphs = _glyphsHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    nGlyphs = (uint)textLength,
                    nMaxFit = 0
                };
                var result = GdiMethods.GetCharacterPlacement(hdc, text, textLength, 0, ref gcpResult, GcpReorder);
                return result != 0 ? gcpResult.lpOutString : text;
            }
            finally
            {
                freeResources();
            }
        }
    }
}

        private static void readPdf2()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
                var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new LocationTextExtractionStrategy());
                text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text));
                text = new UnicodeCharacterPlacement
                {
                    Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 12)
                }.Apply(text);
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text, Encoding.UTF8);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

namespace jQueryMvcSample03.Models
{
    public class BlogPost
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// اطلاعات رای گیری یک مطلب به صورت یک خاصیت تو در تو یا پیچیده
        /// </summary>
        public Rating Rating { set; get; }

        public BlogPost()
        {
            Rating = new Rating();
        }
    }
}

namespace jQueryMvcSample03.Models
{
    //[ComplexType]
    public class Rating
    {
        public double? TotalRating { get; set; }
        public int? TotalRaters { get; set; }
        public double? AverageRating { get; set; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using jQueryMvcSample03.Models;

namespace jQueryMvcSample03.DataSource
{
    /// <summary>
    /// منبع داده فرضی
    /// </summary>
    public static class BlogPostDataSource
    {
        private static IList<BlogPost> _cachedItems;
        /// <summary>
        /// با توجه به استاتیک بودن سازنده کلاس، تهیه کش، پیش از سایر فراخوانی‌ها صورت خواهد گرفت
        /// باید دقت داشت که این فقط یک مثال است و چنین کشی به معنای
        /// تهیه یک لیست برای تمام کاربران سایت است
        /// </summary>
        static BlogPostDataSource()
        {
            _cachedItems = createBlogPostsInMemoryDataSource();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// هدف صرفا تهیه یک منبع داده آزمایشی ساده تشکیل شده در حافظه است
        /// </summary>        
        private static IList<BlogPost> createBlogPostsInMemoryDataSource()
        {
            var results = new List<BlogPost>();
            for (int i = 1; i < 30; i++)
            {
                results.Add(new BlogPost { Id = i, Title = "عنوان " + i, Body = "متن ... متن ... متن " + i, Rating = new Rating { TotalRaters = i + 1, AverageRating = 3.5 } });
            }
            return results;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// پارامترهای شماره صفحه و تعداد رکورد به ازای یک صفحه برای صفحه بندی نیاز هستند
        /// شماره صفحه از یک شروع می‌شود
        /// </summary>
        public static IList<BlogPost> GetLatestBlogPosts(int pageNumber, int recordsPerPage = 4)
        {
            var skipRecords = pageNumber * recordsPerPage;
            return _cachedItems
                        .OrderByDescending(x => x.Id)
                        .Skip(skipRecords)
                        .Take(recordsPerPage)
                        .ToList();
        }
    }
}

/* star rating system */
.post_rating
{
direction: ltr;
}
.rating
{
text-indent: -99999px;
overflow: hidden;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
display: inline-block;
width: 8px;
height: 16px;
}
.rating.stars
{
background-image: url('Images/star_rating.png');
}
.rating.stars.active
{
cursor: pointer;
}
.star-left_off
{
background-position: -0px -0px;
}
.star-left_on
{
background-position: -16px -0px;
}
.star-right_off
{
background-position: -8px -0px;
}
.star-right_on
{
background-position: -24px -0px;
}

// <![CDATA[
(function ($) {
    $.fn.StarRating = function (options) {
        var defaults = {            
            ratingStarsSpan: '.rating.stars',
            postInfoUrl: '/',
            loginUrl: '/login',
            errorHandler: null,
            completeHandler: null,
            onlyOneTimeHandler: null
        };
        var options = $.extend(defaults, options);

        return this.each(function () {
            var ratingStars = $(this);

            $(ratingStars).unbind('mouseover');
            $(ratingStars).mouseover(function () {
                var span = $(this).parent("span");
                var newRating = $(this).attr("value");
                setRating(span, newRating);
            });

            $(ratingStars).unbind('mouseout');
            $(ratingStars).mouseout(function () {
                var span = $(this).parent("span");
                var rating = span.attr("rating");
                setRating(span, rating);
            });

            $(ratingStars).unbind('click');
            $(ratingStars).click(function () {
                var span = $(this).parent("span");
                var newRating = $(this).attr("value");
                var text = span.children("span");
                var pID = span.attr("post");
                var type = span.attr("sectiontype");
                postData({ postID: pID, rating: newRating, sectionType: type });
                span.attr("rating", newRating);
                setRating(span, newRating);
            });

            function setRating(span, rating) {
                span.find(options.ratingStarsSpan).each(function () {
                    var value = parseFloat($(this).attr("value"));
                    var imgSrc = $(this).attr("class");
                    if (value <= rating)
                        $(this).attr("class", imgSrc.replace("_off", "_on"));
                    else
                        $(this).attr("class", imgSrc.replace("_on", "_off"));
                });
            }

            function postData(dataJsonArray) {
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: options.postInfoUrl,
                    data: JSON.stringify(dataJsonArray),
                    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
                    dataType: "json",
                    complete: function (xhr, status) {
                        var data = xhr.responseText;
                        if (xhr.status == 403) {
                            window.location = options.loginUrl;
                        }
                        else if (status === 'error' || !data) {
                            if (options.errorHandler)
                                options.errorHandler(this);
                        }
                        else if (data == "nok") {
                            if (options.onlyOneTimeHandler)
                                options.onlyOneTimeHandler(this);
                        }
                        else {
                            if (options.completeHandler)
                                options.completeHandler(this);
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    };
})(jQuery);
// ]]>

 { postID: pID, rating: newRating, sectionType: type }

<head>
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>    
    <link href="@Url.Content("Content/starRating.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <link href="@Url.Content("Content/Site.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.9.1.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.StarRating.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    @RenderSection("JavaScript", required: false)
</head>

@using System.Globalization
@helper AddStarRating(int postId,
                      double? average = 0, int? postRatingsCount = 0, string type = "BlogPost",
                      string tooltip = "لطفا جهت رای دادن کلیک نمائید")
    {
        string actIt = "active ";
        if (!average.HasValue) { average = 0; }
        if (!postRatingsCount.HasValue) { postRatingsCount = 0; }
    
    <span class='postRating' rating='@average' post='@postId' title='@tooltip' sectiontype='@type'>
        @for (double i = .5; i <= 5.0; i = i + .5)
        {
            string left;
            if (i <= average)
            {
                left = (i * 2) % 2 == 1 ? "left_on" : "right_on";
            }
            else
            {
                left = (i * 2) % 2 == 1 ? "left_off" : "right_off";
            }
            <span class='rating stars @(actIt)star-@left' value='@i'></span>
        }
        &nbsp;
        @if (postRatingsCount > 0)
        {
            var ratingInfo = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "امتیاز {0:0.00} از 5 توسط {1} نفر", average, postRatingsCount);
            <span>@ratingInfo</span>                
        }
        else
        {
            <span></span>
        }
    </span>
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.UI;
using jQueryMvcSample03.DataSource;
using jQueryMvcSample03.Security;

namespace jQueryMvcSample03.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var postsList = BlogPostDataSource.GetLatestBlogPosts(pageNumber: 0);
            return View(postsList); //نمایش صفحه اصلی
        }


        [HttpPost]
        [AjaxOnly]
        [OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
        public ActionResult SaveRatings(int? postId, double? rating, string sectionType)
        {
            if (postId == null || rating == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sectionType))
                return Content(null); //اعلام بروز خطا

            if (!this.HttpContext.CanUserVoteBasedOnCookies(postId.Value, sectionType))
                return Content("nok"); //اعلام فقط یکبار مجاز هستید رای دهید

            switch (sectionType) //قسمت‌های مختلف سایت که در جداول مختلفی قرار دارند نیز می‌توانند گزینه امتیاز دهی داشته باشند
            {
                case "BlogPost":
                    //الان شماره مطلب و رای ارسالی را داریم که می‌توان نسبت به ذخیره آن اقدام کرد
                    //مثلا
                    //_blogPostsService.SaveRating(postId.Value, rating.Value);
                    break;

                //... سایر قسمت‌های دیگر سایت

                default:
                    return Content(null); //اعلام بروز خطا
            }

            return Content("ok"); //اعلام موفقیت آمیز بودن ثبت اطلاعات
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Post(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null)
                return Redirect("/");

            //todo: show the content here
            return Content("Post " + id.Value);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Web;

namespace jQueryMvcSample03.Security
{
    public static class CookieHelper
    {
        public static bool CanUserVoteBasedOnCookies(this HttpContextBase httpContext, int postId, string sectionType)
        {
            string key = sectionType + "-" + postId;
            var value = httpContext.GetCookieValue(key);
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
            {
                httpContext.AddCookie(key, key);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        public static void AddCookie(this HttpContextBase httpContextBase, string cookieName, string value)
        {
            httpContextBase.AddCookie(cookieName, value, DateTime.Now.AddDays(30));
        }

        public static void AddCookie(this HttpContextBase httpContextBase, string cookieName, string value, DateTime expires)
        {
            var cookie = new HttpCookie(cookieName)
            {
                Expires = expires,
                Value = httpContextBase.Server.UrlEncode(value) // For Cookies and Unicode characters
            };
            httpContextBase.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
        }

        public static string GetCookieValue(this HttpContextBase httpContext, string cookieName)
        {
            var cookie = httpContext.Request.Cookies[cookieName];
            if (cookie == null)
                return string.Empty; //cookie doesn't exist

            // For Cookies and Unicode characters
            return httpContext.Server.UrlDecode(cookie.Value);
        }
    }
}

using jQueryMvcSample03.Models;

namespace jQueryMvcSample03.DataSource
{
    public interface IBlogPostsService
    {
        void SaveRating(int postId, double rating);
    }

    public class SampleService : IBlogPostsService
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// یک نمونه از متد ذخیره سازی اطلاعات پیشنهادی
        /// فقط برای ایده گرفتن
        /// بدیهی است محل قرارگیری اصلی آن در لایه سرویس برنامه شما خواهد بود
        /// </summary>
        public void SaveRating(int postId, double rating)
        {
            BlogPost post = null;
            //post = _blogCtx.Find(postId); // بر اساس شماره مطلب، مطلب یافت شده و فیلدهای آن تنظیم می‌شوند
            if (post == null) return;

            if (!post.Rating.TotalRaters.HasValue) post.Rating.TotalRaters = 0;
            if (!post.Rating.TotalRating.HasValue) post.Rating.TotalRating = 0;
            if (!post.Rating.AverageRating.HasValue) post.Rating.AverageRating = 0;

            post.Rating.TotalRaters++;
            post.Rating.TotalRating += rating;
            post.Rating.AverageRating = post.Rating.TotalRating / post.Rating.TotalRaters;

            // todo: call save changes at the end.
        }
    }
}

@using System.Text.RegularExpressions
@model IList<jQueryMvcSample03.Models.BlogPost>
<ul>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {
        <li>
            <fieldset>
            <legend>مطلب @item.Id</legend>
                <h5>
                    @Html.ActionLink(linkText: item.Title,
                                 actionName: "Post",
                                 controllerName: "Home",
                                 routeValues: new { id = item.Id },
                                 htmlAttributes: null)
                </h5>
                @item.Body
                <div class="post_rating">
                    @Html.Raw(Regex.Replace(@StarRatingHelper.AddStarRating(item.Id, item.Rating.AverageRating, item.Rating.TotalRaters, "BlogPost").ToHtmlString(), @">\s+<", "><"))
                </div>
            </fieldset>
        </li>
    }
</ul>

@model IList<jQueryMvcSample03.Models.BlogPost>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    var postInfoUrl = Url.Action(actionName: "SaveRatings", controllerName: "Home");
}
<h2>
    سیستم امتیاز دهی</h2>
@{ Html.RenderPartial("_ItemsList", Model); }
@section JavaScript
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            $(".rating.stars.active").StarRating({
                ratingStarsSpan: '.rating.stars',
                postInfoUrl: '@postInfoUrl',
                loginUrl: '/login',
                errorHandler: function () {
                    alert('خطایی رخ داده است');
                },
                completeHandler: function () {
                    alert('با تشکر! رای شما با موفقیت ثبت شد');
                },
                onlyOneTimeHandler: function () {
                    alert('فقط یکبار می‌توانید به ازای هر مطلب رای دهید');
                }
            });
        });
    </script>
}

همانطور که مشاهده می‌کنید پروژه‌ی فوق تنها شامل دو فایل .csproj و Program.cs است. درون Program.cs و متد Main کار initialize کردن سرور HTTP صورت گرفته است. WebApplication.Create دقیقا همانند Host.CreateDefaultBuilder پروژه‌های ASP.NET Core عمل می‌کند؛ یعنی پیکربندی pipeline از قبیل اضافه کردن متغیرهای محیطی، خواندن از فایل JSON و ... را انجام میدهد اما با کد boilerplate کمتر. بنابراین خروجی WebApplication.Create یک ASP.NET Core Pipeline با قابلیت اضافه کردن تنظیمات دلخواه است. در ادامه جهت بررسی بیشتر Feather HTTP، یک مدل را به همراه یک سری دیتای In-memory به پروژه اضافه خواهیم کرد:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using System.Linq;

namespace todoAPI.Models
{
    public class Todo
    {
        [JsonPropertyName("id")]
        public int Id { get; set; }
        [JsonPropertyName("title")]
        public string Title { get; set; }
        [JsonPropertyName("completed")]
        public bool Completed { get; set; }
    }

    public class TodoData
    {
        private readonly IList<Todo> _db = new List<Todo>
        {
            new Todo { Id = 1, Title = "Read book" },
            new Todo { Id = 2, Title = "Watch an episode of Dark" },
            new Todo { Id = 3, Title = "Publish a post on dotnettips" },
            new Todo { Id = 4, Title = "Skype with my friend" },
        };
        public IList<Todo> GetAllToDoItmes()
        {
            return _db;
        }
        public void AddTodo(Todo item)
        {
            _db.Add(item);
        }
        public void ToggleTodo(int id)
        {
            var todo = _db.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            todo.Completed = !todo.Completed;
        }

        public void DeleteTodo(int id)
        {
            var todo = _db.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            _db.Remove(todo);
        }
    }
}

در مثال فوق برای نگاشت نام خواص، از System.Text.Json توکار NET Core 3.0. استفاده شده‌است. در ادامه نیز از یک کلاس برای شبیه‌سازی CRUD یک Todo استفاده شده‌است. سپس برای داشتن اندپوینت‌های موردنظر به ازای هر کدام از متدهای فوق درون متد Main، از app.Map... استفاده کرده‌ایم:

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using todoAPI.Models;

namespace todoAPI
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly TodoData db = new TodoData();
        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var app = WebApplication.Create(args);

            app.MapGet("/", GetTodos);
            app.MapPost("/api/todos", CreateTodo);
            app.MapPost("/api/todos/{id}", ToggleTodo);
            app.MapDelete("/api/todos/{id}", DeleteTodo);

            await app.RunAsync();
        }

        static async Task GetTodos(HttpContext http)
        {
            var todos = db.GetAllToDoItmes();
            await http.Response.WriteJsonAsync(todos);
        }

        static async Task CreateTodo(HttpContext http)
        {
            var todo = await http.Request.ReadJsonAsync<Todo>();
            db.AddTodo(todo);
            http.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }

        static async Task ToggleTodo(HttpContext http)
        {
            if (!http.Request.RouteValues.TryGet("id", out int id))
            {
                http.Response.StatusCode = 400;
                return;
            }
            db.ToggleTodo(id);
            http.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }

        static async Task DeleteTodo(HttpContext http)
        {
            if (!http.Request.RouteValues.TryGet("id", out int id))
            {
                http.Response.StatusCode = 400;
                return;
            }
            db.DeleteTodo(id);
            http.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }
    }
}

هر کدام از اندپوینت‌های فوق، یک ورودی HttpContext دریافت خواهند کرد. توسط این شیء می‌توانیم به درخواست جاری و همچنین به پاسخ درخواست، دسترسی داشته باشیم. 

استفاده از سیستم DI توکار NET Core.

همانطور که در ابتدای مطلب نیز عنوان شد، Feather HTTP یک wrapper بر روی APIهای موجود ASP.NET Core است، بنابراین می‌توانیم از همان سرویس DI که درون پروژه‌های ASP.NET Core در اختیار داریم در اینجا نیز استفاده کنیم. در ادامه یک پوشه‌ی جدید را به مثال قبل، با نام Controllers اضافه خواهیم کرد و درون آن یک فایل TodoController را با محتویات زیر ایجاد خواهیم کرد:

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using todoAPI.Models;
using todoAPI.Services;

namespace todoAPI.Controllers
{
    public class TodoController
    {
        private readonly ITodoService _todoService;

        public TodoController(ITodoService todoService)
        {
            _todoService = todoService;
        }

        public async Task GetTodos(HttpContext http)
        {
            var todos = _todoService.GetAllToDoItmes();
            await http.Response.WriteJsonAsync(todos);
        }

        public async Task CreateTodo(HttpContext http)
        {
            var todo = await http.Request.ReadJsonAsync<Todo>();
            _todoService.AddTodo(todo);
            http.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }

        public async Task ToggleTodo(HttpContext http)
        {
            if (!http.Request.RouteValues.TryGet("id", out int id))
            {
                http.Response.StatusCode = 400;
                return;
            }
            _todoService.ToggleTodo(id);
            http.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }

        public async Task DeleteTodo(HttpContext http)
        {
            if (!http.Request.RouteValues.TryGet("id", out int id))
            {
                http.Response.StatusCode = 400;
                return;
            }
            _todoService.DeleteTodo(id);
            http.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }
    }
}

کاری که انجام شده است، انتقال تمامی متدهای static به کلاس فوق و سپس جایگزین کردن کلمه‌ی کلیدی static با public است. همچنین یه ارجاع به اینترفیس جدید با عنوان ITodoService اضافه شده است؛ درون پیاده‌سازی این اینترفیس همان متدهای کلاس TodoData را اضافه کرده‌ایم:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using todoAPI.Models;
using System.Linq;

namespace todoAPI.Services
{
    public interface ITodoService
    {
        void AddTodo(Todo item);
        void DeleteTodo(int id);
        IList<Todo> GetAllToDoItmes();
        void ToggleTodo(int id);
    }

    public class TodoService : ITodoService
    {
        private readonly IList<Todo> _db = new List<Todo>
        {
            new Todo { Id = 1, Title = "Read book" },
            new Todo { Id = 2, Title = "Watch an episode of Dark" },
            new Todo { Id = 3, Title = "Publish a post on dotnettips" },
            new Todo { Id = 4, Title = "Skype with my friend" },
        };
        public IList<Todo> GetAllToDoItmes()
        {
            return _db;
        }
        public void AddTodo(Todo item)
        {
            _db.Add(item);
        }
        public void ToggleTodo(int id)
        {
            var todo = _db.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            todo.Completed = !todo.Completed;
        }

        public void DeleteTodo(int id)
        {
            var todo = _db.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            _db.Remove(todo);
        }
    }
}

نکته: برای ایجاد اینترفیس از روی یک کلاس درون VS Code می‌توانیم اینگونه عمل کنیم:

تغییرات فایل Program.cs

ابتدا باید using مربوط به DI را در ابتدای فایل اضافه کنیم:

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

سپس توسط ServiceProvider یک وهله از کلاس موردنظر را ایجاد کرده‌ایم و همچنین سرویس‌های موردنظر را درون DI Container اضافه کرده‌ایم:

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using todoAPI.Controllers;
using todoAPI.Services;

namespace todoAPI
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
            builder.Services.AddTransient<TodoController>();
            builder.Services.AddTransient<ITodoService, TodoService>();

            var serviceProvider = builder.Services.BuildServiceProvider();
            var todoController = serviceProvider.GetService<TodoController>();

            var app = WebApplication.Create(args);

            app.MapGet("/", todoController.GetTodos);
            app.MapPost("/api/todos", todoController.CreateTodo);
            app.MapPost("/api/todos/{id}", todoController.ToggleTodo);
            app.MapDelete("/api/todos/{id}", todoController.DeleteTodo);

            await app.RunAsync();
        }
    }
}

Convention Over Configuration

در کد قبلی به صورت دستی TodoController را توسط Service Location از DI درخواست کرده‌ایم. اینکار را در ادامه می‌توانیم به Feather HTTP سپرده تا کار وهله‌سازی را براساس قواعد توکار برایمان انجام دهد:

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using todoAPI.Services;

namespace todoAPI
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

            builder.Services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();

            builder.Services.AddControllers();

            builder.Services.AddSingleton<ITodoService, TodoService>();

            var serviceProvider = builder.Services.BuildServiceProvider();

            var app = builder.Build();

            app.MapControllers();

            await app.RunAsync();
        }
    }
}

سپس در ادامه برای دسترسی به HTTP Context درون TodoController از IHttpContextAccessor استفاده کرده‌ایم:

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using todoAPI.Models;
using todoAPI.Services;

namespace todoAPI.Controllers
{
    public class TodoController
    {
        private readonly ITodoService _todoService;
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _accessor;
        public TodoController(ITodoService todoService, IHttpContextAccessor accessor)
        {
            _todoService = todoService;
            _accessor = accessor;
        }

        [HttpGet("/todos")]
        public async Task GetTodos()
        {
            var todos = _todoService.GetAllToDoItmes();
            await _accessor.HttpContext.Response.WriteJsonAsync(todos);
        }

        [HttpPost("/todos")]
        public async Task CreateTodo()
        {
            var todo = await _accessor.HttpContext.Request.ReadJsonAsync<Todo>();
            _todoService.AddTodo(todo);
            _accessor.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }

        [HttpPost("/todos/{id}")]
        public async Task ToggleTodo(int id)
        {
            _todoService.ToggleTodo(id);
            _accessor.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }

        [HttpDelete("/todos/{id}")]
        public async Task DeleteTodo(int id)
        {
            _todoService.DeleteTodo(id);
            _accessor.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 204;
        }
    }
}

کدهای کامل مطلب را می‌توانید از اینجا دریافت کنید.

    public class Grade
    {
        public Guid StudentId { get; set; }
        public string Value { get; set; }

        public static IEnumerable<Grade> GetData()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
            {
                yield return new Grade
                                 {
                                     StudentId = GuidHelper.ListOfIds[i], Value = "Value " + i
                                 };
            }
        }
    }

    public class Student
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Grade { get; set; }

        public static IEnumerable<Student> GetStudents()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
            {
                yield return new Student
                                 {
                                     Id = GuidHelper.ListOfIds[i],
                                     Name = "Name " + i
                                 };
            }
        }
    }

    public class GuidHelper
    {
        public static List<Guid> ListOfIds=new List<Guid>();

        static GuidHelper()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
            {
                ListOfIds.Add(Guid.NewGuid());
            }
        }
    }

    internal class Program
    {
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
            List<Grade> grades = Grade.GetData().ToList();
            List<Student> students = Student.GetStudents().ToList();

            stopwatch.Start();
            foreach (Student student in students)
            {
                student.Grade = grades.Single(x => x.StudentId == student.Id).Value;
            }
            stopwatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Using list {0}", stopwatch.Elapsed);
            stopwatch.Reset();
            students = Student.GetStudents().ToList();
            stopwatch.Start();
            Dictionary<Guid, string> dictionary = Grade.GetData().ToDictionary(x => x.StudentId, x => x.Value);

            foreach (Student student in students)
            {
                student.Grade = dictionary[student.Id];
            }
            stopwatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Using dictionary {0}", stopwatch.Elapsed);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

   student.Grade = grades.Single(x => x.StudentId == student.Id).Value;

         student.Grade = dictionary[student.Id];