> HTTP/2 403
> Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2013 14:50:41 GMT
> x-ratelimit-limit: 60
> x-ratelimit-remaining: 0
> x-ratelimit-used: 60
> x-ratelimit-reset: 1377013266
> {
> "message": "API rate limit exceeded for xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. (But here's the good news: Authenticated requests get a higher rate limit. Check out the documentation for more details.)",
> "documentation_url": "https://docs.github.com/rest/overview/resources-in-the-rest-api#rate-limiting"
> }

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        // api-related resources (scopes)
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource(
                    name: "imagegalleryapi",
                    displayName: "Image Gallery API",
                    claimTypes: new List<string> {"role" })
            };
        }

AllowedScopes =
{
  IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
  IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
  IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Address,
  "roles",
  "imagegalleryapi"
},

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();

            services.AddIdentityServer()
             .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
             .AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers())
             .AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources())
             .AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
             .AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients());
        }

options.Scope.Add("imagegalleryapi");

dotnet add package IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation

using IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation;

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(defaultScheme: IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
               .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
               {
                   options.Authority = Configuration["IDPBaseAddress"];
                   options.ApiName = "imagegalleryapi";
               });

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            app.UseAuthentication();

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect;

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.Services
{
    public interface IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// A typed HttpClient.
    /// </summary>
    public class ImageGalleryHttpClient : IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;

        public ImageGalleryHttpClient(
            HttpClient httpClient,
            IConfiguration configuration,
            IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient;
            _configuration = configuration;
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
        }

        public async Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync()
        {
            var currentContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
            var accessToken = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken))
            {
                _httpClient.SetBearerToken(accessToken);
            }

            _httpClient.BaseAddress = new Uri(_configuration["WebApiBaseAddress"]);
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));

            return _httpClient;
        }
    }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" Version="2.1.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http" Version="2.1.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Abstractions" Version="2.1.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect" Version="5.2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="IdentityModel" Version="3.9.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

{
  "nbf": 1536394771,
  "exp": 1536398371,
  "iss": "https://localhost:6001",
  "aud": [
    "https://localhost:6001/resources",
    "imagegalleryapi"
  ],
  "client_id": "imagegalleryclient",
  "sub": "d860efca-22d9-47fd-8249-791ba61b07c7",
  "auth_time": 1536394763,
  "idp": "local",  
  "role": "PayingUser",
  "scope": [
    "openid",
    "profile",
    "address",
    "roles",
    "imagegalleryapi"
  ],
  "amr": [
    "pwd"
  ]
}

An unhandled exception occurred while processing the request.
HttpRequestException: Response status code does not indicate success: 401 (Unauthorized).
 System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage.EnsureSuccessStatusCode()

        public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
        {
            var httpClient = await _imageGalleryHttpClient.GetHttpClientAsync();
            var response = await httpClient.GetAsync("api/images");

            if (response.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized ||
                response.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
            {
                return RedirectToAction("AccessDenied", "Authorization");
            }
            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet()]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetImages()
        {
            var ownerId = this.User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(claim => claim.Type == "sub").Value;

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.Services
{
    public class ImagesService : IImagesService
    {
        public Task<List<Image>> GetImagesAsync(string ownerId)
        {
            return _images.Where(image => image.OwnerId == ownerId).OrderBy(image => image.Title).ToListAsync();
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet()]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetImages()
        {
            var ownerId = this.User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(claim => claim.Type == "sub").Value;
            var imagesFromRepo = await _imagesService.GetImagesAsync(ownerId);
            var imagesToReturn = _mapper.Map<IEnumerable<ImageModel>>(imagesFromRepo);
            return Ok(imagesToReturn);
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.Services
{
    public class ImagesService : IImagesService
    {
        public Task<bool> IsImageOwnerAsync(Guid id, string ownerId)
        {
            return _images.AnyAsync(i => i.Id == id && i.OwnerId == ownerId);
        }

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        // api-related resources (scopes)
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource(
                    name: "imagegalleryapi",
                    displayName: "Image Gallery API",
                    claimTypes: new List<string> {"role" })
            };
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {
        [HttpPost]
        [Authorize(Roles = "PayingUser")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> CreateImage([FromBody] ImageForCreationModel imageForCreation)
        {

var ownerId = User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Type == "sub").Value;
imageEntity.OwnerId = ownerId;
// add and save.
await _imagesService.AddImageAsync(imageEntity);

@if(User.IsInRole("PayingUser"))
{
  <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Gallery" asp-action="AddImage">Add an image</a></li>
  <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Gallery" asp-action="OrderFrame">Order a framed picture</a></li>
}

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    public class GalleryController : Controller
    {
        [Authorize(Roles = "PayingUser")]
        public IActionResult AddImage()
        {
            return View();
        }

[HttpPost]
[Authorize(Roles = "PayingUser")]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<IActionResult> AddImage(AddImageViewModel addImageViewModel)

public class User
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public string UserName { get; set; }


    public static List<User> GetUsers()
    {
        return new List<User>()
        {
            new()
            {
                Id = 1,
                FirstName = "علی",
                LastName = "یگانه مقدم",
                UserName = "yeganehaym"
            },
            new ()
            {
                Id = 2,
                FirstName = "وحید",
                LastName = "نصیری",
                UserName = "VahidN"
            },
        };
    }
}

[ApiController]
[Route("/api/[controller]/{id?}")]
public class UserController : ControllerBase
{

    [HttpGet]
    public User GetUser(int id)
    {
        var users = Users.User.GetUsers();
        var user = users.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
        return user;
    }
}

public class Product
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }
    public  int Quantity { get; set; }


    public static List<Product> GetProducts()
    {
        return new List<Product>()
        {
            new()
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "LCD",
                Price = 20000,
                Quantity = 10
            },
            new()
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "Mouse",
                Price = 320000,
                Quantity = 15
            },
            new()
            {
                Id = 1,
                Name = "Keyboard",
                Price = 50000,
                Quantity = 25
            },
        };
    }
}

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ProductController : ControllerBase
{

    [HttpGet]
    public List<Product> GetProducts()
    {
        return Product.GetProducts();
    }

}

{
    "Routes":[
        
        {
        "DownstreamPathTemplate":"/api/User/{id}",
        "DownstreamScheme":"https",
        "DownstreamHostAndPorts":[
            {
                "Host":"localhost",
                "Port":"7279"
            }
        ],
        "UpstreamPathTemplate":"/GetUser/{id}",
        "UpstreamHttpMethod":[
            "GET"
        ]},
        {
        "DownstreamPathTemplate":"/api/Product",
        "DownstreamScheme":"https",
        "DownstreamHostAndPorts":[
            {
                "Host":"localhost",
                "Port":"7261"
            }
        ],
     
        "UpstreamPathTemplate":"/Products",
        "UpstreamHttpMethod":[
            "GET"
        ]
        }
    ]
    
   
}

builder.Services.AddOcelot();

app.UseOcelot();

builder.Configuration.SetBasePath(builder.Environment.ContentRootPath)    
    .AddJsonFile("ocelot.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true);

builder.Configuration.SetBasePath(builder.Environment.ContentRootPath)    
    .AddJsonFile("ocelot.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
    .AddJsonFile($"ocelot.{builder.Environment.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true);

Install-Package Ocelot.Cache.CacheManager

builder.Services.AddOcelot()
    .AddCacheManager(x => x.WithDictionaryHandle());

"FileCacheOptions":{
      "TtlSeconds":30,
       "Region":"custom"
}

{
    "Routes":[
        
        {
        "DownstreamPathTemplate":"/api/User/{id}",
        "DownstreamScheme":"https",
        "DownstreamHostAndPorts":[
            {
                "Host":"localhost",
                "Port":"7279"
            }
        ],
        "UpstreamPathTemplate":"/GetUser/{id}",
        "UpstreamHttpMethod":[
            "GET"
        ]
        },
        {
        "DownstreamPathTemplate":"/api/Product",
        "DownstreamScheme":"https",
        "DownstreamHostAndPorts":[
            {
                "Host":"localhost",
                "Port":"7261"
            }
        ],
     
        "UpstreamPathTemplate":"/Products",
        "UpstreamHttpMethod":[
            "GET"
        ],
            "FileCacheOptions":{
                "TtlSeconds":30,
                "Region":"custom"
            }
        }
    ]
    
   
}

       "RateLimitOptions":{
                "ClientWhitelist":[
                ],
                "EnableRateLimiting":true,
                "Period":"5s",
                "PeriodTimespan":1,
                "Limit":1,
                "HttpStatusCode":429
            }

{
    "Routes":[
        
        {
        "DownstreamPathTemplate":"/api/User/{id}",
        "DownstreamScheme":"https",
        "DownstreamHostAndPorts":[
            {
                "Host":"localhost",
                "Port":"7279"
            }
        ],
        "UpstreamPathTemplate":"/GetUser/{id}",
        "UpstreamHttpMethod":[
            "GET"
        ],
        "FileCacheOptions":{
            "TtlSeconds":30,
            "Region":"custom"
        }
        },
        {
        "DownstreamPathTemplate":"/api/Product",
        "DownstreamScheme":"https",
        "DownstreamHostAndPorts":[
            {
                "Host":"localhost",
                "Port":"7261"
            }
        ],
     
        "UpstreamPathTemplate":"/Products",
        "UpstreamHttpMethod":[
            "GET"
        ],
            "RateLimitOptions":{
                "ClientWhitelist":[
                ],
                "EnableRateLimiting":true,
                "Period":"5s",
                "PeriodTimespan":1,
                "Limit":1,
                "HttpStatusCode":429
            }
        }
    ],
    "DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator": true
    
   
}

 <!--<script src="Scripts/Libs/localstorage_adapter.js" type="text/javascript"></script>-->

 <!--<script src="Scripts/App/store.js" type="text/javascript"></script>-->

Blogger.PostsRoute = Ember.Route.extend({
    model: function () {
        return this.store.find('post');
    }
});

 DS.RESTAdapter.reopen({
      namespace: 'api'
});

 <script src="Scripts/Adapters/web_api_adapter.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

namespace EmberJS03.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization;
 
namespace EmberJS03
{
    public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
 
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
               name: "DefaultApi",
               routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
               defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
               );
 
            var settings = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings;
            settings.ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver();
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        public IEnumerable<Post> Get()
        {
            return DataSource.PostsList;
        } 
    }
}

  WARNING: Encountered "0" in payload, but no model was found for model name "0" (resolved model name using DS.RESTSerializer.typeForRoot("0"))

[
  {
    Id: 1,
    Title: 'First Post'
  }, {
    Id: 2,
    Title: 'Second Post'
  }
]

{
  posts: [{
    id: 1,
    title: 'First Post'
  }, {
    id: 2,
    title: 'Second Post'
  }]
}

using System.Web.Http;
using EmberJS03.Models;
 
namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        public object Get()
        {
            return new { posts = DataSource.PostsList };
        }
    }
}

 public HttpResponseMessage Post(Comment comment)

{"comment":{"text":"data...","post":"3"}}
 

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class CommentsController : ApiController
    {
        public HttpResponseMessage Post(HttpRequestMessage requestMessage)
        {
            var jsonContent = requestMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
            // {"comment":{"text":"data...","post":"3"}}
            var jObj = JObject.Parse(jsonContent);
            var comment = jObj.SelectToken("comment", false).ToObject<Comment>();


            var id = 1;
            var lastItem = DataSource.CommentsList.LastOrDefault();
            if (lastItem != null)
            {
                id = lastItem.Id + 1;
            }
            comment.Id = id;
            DataSource.CommentsList.Add(comment);

            // ارسال آی دی با فرمت خاص مهم است
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, new { comment = comment });
        }
    }
}

Blogger.Post = DS.Model.extend({
   title: DS.attr(),
   body: DS.attr(),
   comments: DS.hasMany('comment', { async: true } /* lazy loading */)
});

namespace EmberJS03.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
 
        // lazy loading via an array of IDs
        public int[] Comments { set; get; } 
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Models
{
    public class Post
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
 
        // load related models via URLs instead of an array of IDs
        // ref. https://github.com/emberjs/data/pull/1371
        public object Links { set; get; }
 
        public Post()
        {
            Links = new { comments = "comments" }; // api/posts/id/comments
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03
{
    public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
 
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
               name: "DefaultApi",
               routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}/{name}",
               defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional, name = RouteParameter.Optional }
               );
 
            var settings = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings;
            settings.ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver();
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        //GET api/posts/id
        public object Get(int id)
        {
            return
                new
                {
                    posts = DataSource.PostsList.FirstOrDefault(post => post.Id == id),
                    comments = DataSource.CommentsList.Where(comment => comment.Post == id).ToList()
                };
        }
    }
}

namespace EmberJS03.Controllers
{
    public class PostsController : ApiController
    {
        public HttpResponseMessage Delete(int id)
        {
            var item = DataSource.PostsList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (item == null)
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);

            DataSource.PostsList.Remove(item);

            //حذف کامنت‌های مرتبط
            var relatedComments = DataSource.CommentsList.Where(comment => comment.Post == id).ToList();
            relatedComments.ForEach(comment => DataSource.CommentsList.Remove(comment));

            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, new { post = item });
        }
    }
}

 Attempted to handle event `pushedData` on  while in state root.deleted.inFlight.

Blogger.PostController = Ember.ObjectController.extend({
    isEditing: false,
    actions: {
        edit: function () {
            this.set('isEditing', true);
        },
        save: function () {
            var post = this.get('model');
            post.save();
 
            this.set('isEditing', false);
        },
        delete: function () {
            if (confirm('Do you want to delete this post?')) {
                var thisController = this;
                var post = this.get('model');
                post.destroyRecord().then(function () {
                    thisController.transitionToRoute('posts');
                });
            }
        }
    }
});

PM> Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb
PM> Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Security.Jwt
PM> Install-Package structuremap
PM> Install-Package structuremap.web

<appJwtConfiguration
    tokenPath="/login"
    expirationMinutes="2"
    refreshTokenExpirationMinutes="60"
    jwtKey="This is my shared key, not so secret, secret!"
    jwtIssuer="http://localhost/"
    jwtAudience="Any" />

 <configSections>
    <section name="appJwtConfiguration" type="JwtWithWebAPI.JsonWebTokenConfig.AppJwtConfiguration" />
</configSections>

public interface ITokenStoreService
{
    void CreateUserToken(UserToken userToken);
    bool IsValidToken(string accessToken, int userId);
    void DeleteExpiredTokens();
    UserToken FindToken(string refreshTokenIdHash);
    void DeleteToken(string refreshTokenIdHash);
    void InvalidateUserTokens(int userId);
    void UpdateUserToken(int userId, string accessTokenHash);
}

public void CreateUserToken(UserToken userToken)
{
   InvalidateUserTokens(userToken.OwnerUserId);
   _tokens.Add(userToken);
}

public interface IUsersService
{
    string GetSerialNumber(int userId);
    IEnumerable<string> GetUserRoles(int userId);
    User FindUser(string username, string password);
    User FindUser(int userId);
    void UpdateUserLastActivityDate(int userId);
}

public interface ISecurityService
{
   string GetSha256Hash(string input);
}

function doLogin() {
    $.ajax({
        url: "/login", // web.config --> appConfiguration -> tokenPath
        data: {
            username: "Vahid",
            password: "1234",
            grant_type: "password"
        },
        type: 'POST', // POST `form encoded` data
        contentType: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'

 identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, user.UserId.ToString()));

function doRefreshToken() {
    // obtaining new tokens using the refresh_token should happen only if the id_token has expired.
    // it is a bad practice to call the endpoint to get a new token every time you do an API call.
    $.ajax({
        url: "/login", // web.config --> appConfiguration -> tokenPath
        data: {
            grant_type: "refresh_token",
            refresh_token: refreshToken
        },
        type: 'POST', // POST `form encoded` data
        contentType: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'

 [JwtAuthorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public class MyProtectedAdminApiController : ApiController

var jwtToken;
var refreshToken;
 
function doLogin() {
    $.ajax({
     // same as before
    }).then(function (response) {
        jwtToken = response.access_token;
        refreshToken = response.refresh_token; 
    }

function doCallApi() {
    $.ajax({
        headers: { 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + jwtToken },
        url: "/api/MyProtectedApi",
        type: 'GET'
    }).then(function (response) {

function doLogout() {
    $.ajax({
        headers: { 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + jwtToken },
        url: "/api/user/logout",
        type: 'GET'

public AppOAuthProvider(
   Func<IUsersService> usersService,
   Func<ITokenStoreService> tokenStoreService,
   ISecurityService securityService,
   IAppJwtConfiguration configuration)