The first version of ASP.NET was released 17 years ago and during these years, it is fascinating to see how the ASP.NET team constructively reacted through these years to the major shifts happening on the web. Initially a platform that was closed and tried to hide and abstract the web; ASP.NET has metamorphized into an open source and cross platform - one that fully embraces the nature of the web. This is the first part of a series of 3 articles that will cover the history of ASP.NET from its launch to the latest ASP.NET Core releases.
متدی تحت عنوان ValidateEmail را تصور کنید. این متد از حیث بازگشت نتیجه به عنوان خروجی میتواند به اشکال مختلفی پیاده سازی شود که در ادامه مشاهده میکنیم:
متد ValidateEmail با خروجی Boolean
public bool ValidateEmail(string email) { var valid = true; if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email)) { valid = false; } var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression if (!isValidFormat) { valid = false; } var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists. if (!isRealDoamin) { valid = false; } return valid; }
همانطور که در تکه کد زیر مشخص میباشد، استفاده کننده از متد بالا، امکان بررسی خروجی آن را در قالب یک شرط خواهد داشت و علاوه بر اینکه پیاده سازی آن ساده میباشد، خوانایی کد را نیز بالا میبرد؛ ولی با این حال نمیتوان متوجه شد مشکل اصلی آدرس ایمیل ارسالی به عنوان آرگومان، دقیقا چیست.
var email = "email@example.com"; var isValid = ValidateEmail(email); if(isValid) { //do something }
متد ValidateEmail با صدور استثناء
public void ValidateEmail(string email) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(email)); var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression if (!isValidFormat) throw new ArgumentException("email is not in a correct format"); var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists. if (!isRealDoamin) throw new ArgumentException("email does not include a valid domain.") }
روش بالا هم جواب میدهد ولی بهتر است کلاس Exception سفارشی به عنوان مثال ValidationException برای این قضیه در نظر گرفته شود تا بتوان وهلههای صادر شده از این نوع را در لایههای بالاتر مدیریت کرد.
متد ValidateEmail با چندین خروجی
برای این منظور چندین راه حل پیش رو داریم.
با استفاده از پارامتر out:
public bool ValidateEmail(string email, out string message) { var valid = true; message = string.Empty; if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email)) { valid = false; message = "email is null."; } if (valid) { var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression if (!isValidFormat) { valid = false; message = "email is not in a correct format"; } } if (valid) { var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists. if (!isRealDoamin) { valid = false; message = "email does not include a valid domain."; } } return valid; }
var email = "email@example.com"; var isValid = ValidateEmail(email, out string message); if (isValid) { //do something }
Tuple<bool, List<string>> result = Tuple.Create<bool, List<string>>(true, new List<string>());
public class OperationResult { public bool Success { get; set; } public IList<string> Messages { get; } = new List<string>(); public void AddMessage(string message) { Messages.Add(message); } }
public OperationResult ValidateEmail(string email) { var result = new OperationResult(); if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email)) { result.Success = false; result.AddMessage("email is null."); } if (result.Success) { var isValidFormat = true;//todo: using RegularExpression if (!isValidFormat) { result.Success = false; result.AddMessage("email is not in a correct format"); } } if (result.Success) { var isRealDoamin = true;//todo: Code here that confirms whether domain exists. if (!isRealDoamin) { result.Success = false; result.AddMessage("email does not include a valid domain."); } } return result; }
این بار خروجی متد مذکور از نوع OperationResult ای میباشد که هم موفقیت آمیز بودن یا عدم آن را مشخص میکند و همچنین امکان دسترسی به لیست پیغامهای مرتبط با اعتبارسنجیهای انجام شده، وجود دارد.
استفاده از Exception برای نمایش پیغام برای کاربر نهایی
با صدور یک استثناء و مدیریت سراسری آن در بالاترین (خارجی ترین) لایه و نمایش پیغام مرتبط با آن به کاربر نهایی، میتوان از آن به عنوان ابزاری برای ارسال هر نوع پیغامی به کاربر نهایی استفاده کرد. اگر قوانین تجاری با موفقیت برآورده نشدهاند یا لازم است به هر دلیلی یک پیغام مرتبط با یک اعتبارسنجی تجاری را برای کاربر نمایش دهید، این روش بسیار کارساز میباشد و با یکبار وقت گذاشتن برای توسعه زیرساخت برای این موضوع به عنوان یک Cross Cutting Concern تحت عنوان Exception Management آزادی عمل زیادی در ادامه توسعه سیستم خود خواهید داشت.
به عنوان مثال داشتن یک کلاس Exception سفارشی تحت عنوان UserFriendlyException در این راستا یک الزام میباشد.
[Serializable] public class UserFriendlyException : Exception { public string Details { get; private set; } public int Code { get; set; } public UserFriendlyException() { } public UserFriendlyException(SerializationInfo serializationInfo, StreamingContext context) : base(serializationInfo, context) { } public UserFriendlyException(string message) : base(message) { } public UserFriendlyException(int code, string message) : this(message) { Code = code; } public UserFriendlyException(string message, string details) : this(message) { Details = details; } public UserFriendlyException(int code, string message, string details) : this(message, details) { Code = code; } public UserFriendlyException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException) { } public UserFriendlyException(string message, string details, Exception innerException) : this(message, innerException) { Details = details; } }
و همچنین لازم است در بالاترین لایه سیستم خود به عنوان مثال برای یک پروژه ASP.NET MVC یا ASP.NET Core MVC میتوان یک ExceptionFilter سفارشی نیز تهیه کرد که هم به صورت سراسری استثناءهای سفارشی شما را مدیریت کند و همچنین خروجی مناسب Json برای استفاده در سمت کلاینت را نیز مهیا کند. به عنوان مثال برای درخواستهای Ajax ای لازم است در سمت کلاینت نیز پاسخهای رسیده از سمت سرور به صورت سراسری مدیریت شوند و برای سایر درخواستها همان نمایش صفحات خطای پیغام مرتبط با استثناء رخ داده شده کفایت میکند.
یک مدل پیشنهادی برای تهیه خروجی مناسب برای ارسال جزئیات استثنا رخ داده در درخواستهای Ajax ای
[Serializable] public class MvcAjaxResponse : MvcAjaxResponse<object> { public MvcAjaxResponse() { } public MvcAjaxResponse(bool success) : base(success) { } public MvcAjaxResponse(object result) : base(result) { } public MvcAjaxResponse(ErrorInfo error, bool unAuthorizedRequest = false) : base(error, unAuthorizedRequest) { } } [Serializable] public class MvcAjaxResponse<TResult> : MvcAjaxResponseBase { public MvcAjaxResponse(TResult result) { Result = result; Success = true; } public MvcAjaxResponse() { Success = true; } public MvcAjaxResponse(bool success) { Success = success; } public MvcAjaxResponse(ErrorInfo error, bool unAuthorizedRequest = false) { Error = error; UnAuthorizedRequest = unAuthorizedRequest; Success = false; } /// <summary> /// The actual result object of AJAX request. /// It is set if <see cref="MvcAjaxResponseBase.Success" /> is true. /// </summary> public TResult Result { get; set; } } public class MvcAjaxResponseBase { public string TargetUrl { get; set; } public bool Success { get; set; } public ErrorInfo Error { get; set; } public bool UnAuthorizedRequest { get; set; } public bool __mvc { get; } = true; }
[Serializable] public class ErrorInfo { public int Code { get; set; } public string Message { get; set; } public string Detail { get; set; } public Dictionary<string, string> ValidationErrors { get; set; } public ErrorInfo() { } public ErrorInfo(string message) { Message = message; } public ErrorInfo(int code) { Code = code; } public ErrorInfo(int code, string message) : this(message) { Code = code; } public ErrorInfo(string message, string details) : this(message) { Detail = details; } public ErrorInfo(int code, string message, string details) : this(message, details) { Code = code; } }
public async Task CheckIsDeactiveAsync(long id) { if (await _organizationalUnits.AnyAsync(a => a.Id == id && !a.IsActive).ConfigureAwait(false)) throw new UserFriendlyException("واحد سازمانی جاری غیرفعال میباشد."); }
روش نام گذاری متدهایی که امکان بازگشت خروجی Null را دارند
public User GetById(long id);
[Serializable] public class EntityNotFoundException : Exception { public Type EntityType { get; set; } public object Id { get; set; } public EntityNotFoundException() { } public EntityNotFoundException(string message) : base(message) { } public EntityNotFoundException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException) { } public EntityNotFoundException(SerializationInfo serializationInfo, StreamingContext context) : base(serializationInfo, context) { } public EntityNotFoundException(Type entityType, object id) : this(entityType, id, null) { } public EntityNotFoundException(Type entityType, object id, Exception innerException) : base($"There is no such an entity. Entity type: {entityType.FullName}, id: {id}", innerException) { EntityType = entityType; Id = id; } }
یک مثال واقعی
public async Task<UserOrganizationalUnitInfo> GetCurrentOrganizationalUnitInfoOrNullAsync(long userId) { return (await _setting.GetSettingValueForUserAsync( UserSettingNames.CurrentOrganizationalUnitInfo, userId).ConfigureAwait(false)) .FromJsonString<UserOrganizationalUnitInfo>(); }
نوشتن Middleware سفارشی در ASP.NET Core
string responseBody = new StreamReader(context.Response.Body).ReadToEnd();
ArgumentException: Stream was not readable.
اضافه کردن HTTPS به وب سایت
Visual Studio 2017 15.7 منتشر شد
- We added support to change installation locations.
- You can Save All your pending changes before you start your update.
- The update dialog provides you even more details about your update during installation.
- C# 7.3 is included in Visual Studio version 15.7.
- We improved solution load time for C# and VB projects.
- We made numerous updates to F# and its tools, with a focus on performance.
- We reduced the time to enable IntelliSense for large .NET Core projects by 25%.
- We made Quick Info improvements and new .NET refactorings like convert
for
-to-foreach
and make private fieldsreadonly
. - We added the ability to publish ASP.NET Core applications to App Service Linux without containers.
- Live Unit Testing works with embedded pdbs and supports projects that use reference assemblies.
- The Test Explorer has more responsive icons during test runs.
- C++ developers can use CodeLens for unit testing.
- We added new rules enforcing items from the C++ Core Guidelines.
- Debugging large solutions with /Debug:fastlink PDBs is more robust.
- CMake integration supports CMake 3.11 and static analysis.
- Python projects support type hints in IntelliSense, and a Run MyPy command has been added to look for typing errors in your code.
- Conda environments are supported in Python projects.
- We added a next version of our Python debugger based on the popular open source pydevd debugger.
- TypeScript 2.8 is included in Visual Studio version 15.7.
- We improved Kestrel HTTPs support during debugging.
- We added support for JavaScript debugging with Microsoft Edge.
- The Debugger supports VSTS and GitHub Authentication for Source Link.
- IntelliTrace’s step-back debugging feature is supported for debugging .NET Core projects.
- We added IntelliTrace support for taking snapshots on exceptions.
- We removed the blocking modal dialog from branch checkouts in Git when a solution or project reload is not required.
- There is an option to choose between OpenSSL and SChannel in Git.
- You can create and associate Azure Key Vaults from within the Visual Studio IDE.
- Visual Studio Tools for Xamarin can automatically install missing Android API levels required by Xamarin.Android projects.
- The Xamarin.Forms XAML editor provides IntelliSense and quick fixes for conditional XAML.
- We added support for Azure, UWP, and additional project types in Visual Studio Build Tools.
- You can create build servers without installing all of Visual Studio.
- The Windows 10 April 2018 Update SDK - Build 17134 is the default required SDK for the Universal Windows Platform development workload.
- We added support for Visual State Management for all UWP apps and more.
- We enabled automatic updates for sideloaded APPX packages.
- You have new tools for migrating to NuGet PackageReference.
- We added support for NuGet package signatures.
- We added Service Fabric Tooling for the 6.2 Service Fabric release.
- We updated Entity Framework Tools to work with the EF 6.2 runtime and to improve reverse engineering of existing databases.
افزایش کارایی برنامه های ASP.NET
CREATE TABLE tableName ( jsonData CHAR(250) -- or VARCHAR, TEXT, BLOB ); INSERT INTO tableName VALUES ( '{ "name": "User1", "age": 41}' ); SELECT * FROM tableName; { "name": "User1", "age": 41}
SELECT * FROM tableName WHERE jsonData REGEXP 'User1';
CREATE TABLE tableName ( jsonData JSON ); INSERT INTO tableName VALUES ( '{ "name": "User1", "age": 41, "name": "User2"}' ); SELECT * FROM tableName; {"age": 41, "name": "User2"}
- ابتدا بررسی خواهد شد که سند JSON معتبر باشد؛ در غیر اینصورت ذخیرهسازی با مشکل مواجه خواهد شد.
- از فیلدهایی که کلید تکراری دارند، صرفنظر خواهند شد. در مثال بالا دوبار فیلد name را مقداردهی کردهایم. در اینجالت key/value دوم لحاظ شدهاست. البته میبایستی اصل first key wins لحاظ میشد، اما این مورد به عنوان یک باگ گزارش شدهاست و در نسخههای 8 به بعد رفع شدهاست (https://forums.mysql.com/read.php?3,660500,660500 - https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=86866).
- فاصلههای اضافی بین کلیدها حذف شدهاند.
- برای جستجوی بهتر، کلیدهای آبجکت JSON به صورت مرتب شده ذخیره شدهاند.
{ "id": "1", "sku": "asdf123", "name": "Lorem ipsum jacket", "price": 12.45, "discount": 10, "offerEnd": "October 5, 2020 12:11:00", "new": false, "rating": 4, "saleCount": 54, "category": ["fashion", "men"], "tag": ["fashion", "men", "jacket", "full sleeve"], "variation": [ { "color": "white", "image": "/assets/img/product/fashion/1.jpg", "size": [ { "name": "x", "stock": 3 }, { "name": "m", "stock": 2 }, { "name": "xl", "stock": 5 } ] }, { "color": "black", "image": "/assets/img/product/fashion/8.jpg", "size": [ { "name": "x", "stock": 4 }, { "name": "m", "stock": 7 }, { "name": "xl", "stock": 9 }, { "name": "xxl", "stock": 1 } ] }, { "color": "brown", "image": "/assets/img/product/fashion/3.jpg", "size": [ { "name": "x", "stock": 1 }, { "name": "m", "stock": 2 }, { "name": "xl", "stock": 4 }, { "name": "xxl", "stock": 0 } ] } ], "image": [ "/assets/img/product/fashion/1.jpg", "/assets/img/product/fashion/3.jpg", "/assets/img/product/fashion/6.jpg", "/assets/img/product/fashion/8.jpg", "/assets/img/product/fashion/9.jpg" ], "description": { "shortDescription": "Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur.", "fullDescription": "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" } }
SELECT JSON_PRETTY( JSON_EXTRACT(data, "$.category") ) FROM experiments.productMetadata; /* [ "fashion", "men" ] [ "fashion", "women" ] [ "fashion", "men" ] */
JSON_EXTRACT(data, "$.tag[1]") JSON_EXTRACT(data, "$.description.shortDescription")
SELECT JSON_EXTRACT(data, "$.*.shortDescription") FROM experiments.productMetadata;
SELECT JSON_KEYS(data) FROM experiments.productMetadata; -- ["id", "new", "sku", "tag", "name", "image", "price", "rating", "category", "discount", "offerEnd", "saleCount", "variation", "description"] -- ["id", "new", "sku", "tag", "name", "image", "price", "rating", "category", "discount", "saleCount", "variation", "description"]
SELECT JSON_KEYS(data, "$.description") FROM experiments.productMetadata; -- ["fullDescription", "shortDescription"] -- ["fullDescription", "shortDescription"]
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(data, "10", "$.discount") FROM experiments.productMetadata; -- 1 -- 0
SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(data, "one", "$.description", "$.address", "$.website") FROM experiments.productMetadata;
SELECT JSON_SEARCH(data, 'one', 'fashion') FROM experiments.productMetadata; -- "$.tag[0]" -- "$.tag[0]"