•  GraphQL نیازمند رفت و برگشت‌های کمتری به server، به منظور بازیابی داده‌ها برای template یا view است. همراه با REST ما مجبور هستیم که چندیدن endpoint مثلا  (... api/students, api/courses, api/instructors ) را برای گرفتن همه داده‌های که برای template یا view نیاز داریم ملاقات کنیم؛ ولی این شرایط در GraphQL برقرار نیست. با GraphQL ما تنها یک query را ایجاد می‌کنیم که چندین تابع (resolver) را در سمت سرور فراخوانی می‌کند و همه داده‌ها را از منابع مختلفی، در یک درخواست برگشت می‌دهد. 

  

• همراه با REST، همانطور که Application ما رشد می‌کند، تعداد endpoint‌ها هم زیاد می‌شوند که این نیازمند زمان بیشتری برای نگهداری می‌باشد. اما با GraphQL ما تنها یک endpoint  داریم؛ همین! 
• با استفاده از GraphQL، ما هرگز به مشکل گرفتن داده‌هایی کم یا زیاد از منبع روبرو نخواهیم شد. به این خاطر است که ما query‌ها را با فیلد‌هایی که چیز‌هایی را که نیاز داریم، نشان می‌دهند، تعریف می‌کنیم. در این صورت ما همیشه چیز‌هایی را که درخواست داده‌ایم، دریافت می‌کنیم.

query OwnersQuery {
  owners {
    name
    account {
      type
    }
  } 
}

{
  "data": {
    "owners": [
     {
      "name": "John Doe",
      "accounts": [
        {
          "type": "Cash"
        },
        {
          "type": "Savings"
        }
      ]
     }
    ]
  }
}

dotnet new api -n ASPCoreGraphQL

namespace ASPCoreGraphQL.Contracts
{
    public interface IOwnerRepository
    {
    }
}

namespace ASPCoreGraphQL.Contracts
{
    public interface IAccountRepository
    {
    }
}

public class Owner
{
    [Key]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required")]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Address { get; set; }
 
    public ICollection<Account> Accounts { get; set; }
}

public class Account
{
    [Key]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Type is required")]
    public TypeOfAccount Type { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
 
    [ForeignKey("OwnerId")]
    public Guid OwnerId { get; set; }
    public Owner Owner { get; set; }
}

public enum TypeOfAccount
{
    Cash,
    Savings,
    Expense,
    Income
}

    public class ApplicationContext : DbContext
    {
        public ApplicationContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        {
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {

        }

        public DbSet<Owner> Owners { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Account> Accounts { get; set; }
    }

public class OwnerRepository : IOwnerRepository
{
    private readonly ApplicationContext _context;
 
    public OwnerRepository(ApplicationContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }
}

public class AccountRepository : IAccountRepository
{
    private readonly ApplicationContext _context;
 
    public AccountRepository(ApplicationContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationContext>(opt =>
         opt.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"))); 
 
    services.AddScoped<IOwnerRepository, OwnerRepository>();
    services.AddScoped<IAccountRepository, AccountRepository>();
 
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2)
        .AddJsonOptions(options => options.SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling = ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore);
}

dotnet add package GraphQL

dotnet add package GraphQL.Server.Transports.AspNetCore

dotnet add package GraphQL.Server.Ui.Playground

public class AppSchema : Schema
{
    public AppSchema(IDependencyResolver resolver)
        :base(resolver)
    {
 
    }
}

public class OwnerType : ObjectGraphType<Owner>
{
    public OwnerType()
    {
        Field(x => x.Id, type: typeof(IdGraphType)).Description("Id property from the owner object.");
        Field(x => x.Name).Description("Name property from the owner object.");
        Field(x => x.Address).Description("Address property from the owner object.");
    }
}

public interface IOwnerRepository
{
    IEnumerable<Owner> GetAll();
}


public class OwnerRepository : IOwnerRepository
{
    private readonly ApplicationContext _context;
 
    public OwnerRepository(ApplicationContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }
 
    public IEnumerable<Owner> GetAll() => _context.Owners.ToList();
}

public class AppQuery : ObjectGraphType
{
    public AppQuery(IOwnerRepository repository)
    {
        Field<ListGraphType<OwnerType>>(
           "owners",
           resolve: context => repository.GetAll()
       );
    }
}

public class AppSchema : Schema
{
    public AppSchema(IDependencyResolver resolver)
        :base(resolver)
    {
        Query = resolver.Resolve<AppQuery>();
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    ...
 
    services.AddScoped<IDependencyResolver>(s => new FuncDependencyResolver(s.GetRequiredService));
    services.AddScoped<AppSchema>();
 
    services.AddGraphQL(o => { o.ExposeExceptions = false; })
        .AddGraphTypes(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

   ...
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
   ...
    app.UseGraphQL<AppSchema>();
    app.UseGraphQLPlayground(options: new GraphQLPlaygroundOptions());
    app.UseMvc();
}

dotnet run

https://localhost:5001/ui/playground

CREATE TABLE Samples
(
[date] SMALLDATETIME,
selling SMALLMONEY
);
  
INSERT  Samples
VALUES
('2010-12-01 00:00:00', 10),
('2010-12-02 00:00:00', 12),
('2010-12-03 00:00:00', 13),
('2010-12-04 00:00:00', 16),
('2010-12-05 00:00:00', 19),
('2010-12-06 00:00:00', 23),
('2010-12-07 00:00:00', 26),
('2010-12-08 00:00:00', 27),
('2010-12-09 00:00:00', 20),
('2010-12-10 00:00:00', 18),
('2010-12-11 00:00:00', 19);

SELECT [date],
       selling,
       CASE WHEN rnk < 4 THEN NULL ELSE mv END AS SimpleMovingAverage
  FROM (SELECT *,
               AVG(selling) OVER(ORDER BY [date]
                                 ROWS BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND 1 PRECEDING) AS mv,
               ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [date]) AS rnk
          FROM Samples
       ) AS d;

SELECT S.[date], S.selling, CASE WHEN COUNT(*) < 3 THEN NULL ELSE AVG(s) END AS SimpleMovingAverage
  FROM Samples AS S
       OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP(3) selling
                      FROM Samples
                     WHERE [date] < S.[date]
                     ORDER BY [date] DESC) AS D(s)
 GROUP BY S.[date], S.selling
 ORDER BY S.[date];

select [date],
       selling,
       (
       lag(selling, 1) over(order by [date]) +
       lag(selling, 2) over(order by [date]) +
       lag(selling, 3) over(order by [date])
       ) / 3
  from Samples;

SQL Server Management Studio add-ins
Complete list of useful and must have add-ins for SQL Server Management Studio - 36 SSMS add-ins 

namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class Post
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual string Title { get; set; }
        public virtual DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public virtual string  Body { get; set; }
        public virtual byte[] Image { get; set; }
    }
}

            using (var context = new MyDbContext())
            {
                var post = context.Posts.Find(1);
            }

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (2) 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate], 
[Extent1].[Body] AS [Body], 
[Extent1].[Image] AS [Image]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p0',N'@p0 int',@p0=1

namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class Post
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual string Title { get; set; }
        public virtual DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
        public virtual PostMetaData PostMetaData { get; set; }
    }
}
namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostMetaData
    {
        public virtual int PostId { get; set; }
        public virtual string Body { get; set; }
        public virtual byte[] Image { get; set; }
        public virtual Post Post { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostMetaDataConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<PostMetaData>
    {
        public PostMetaDataConfig()
        {
            HasKey(x => x.PostId);
            HasRequired(x => x.Post).WithRequiredDependent(x => x.PostMetaData);
        }
    }
}

var post = context.Posts.Find(1);

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (2) 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p0',N'@p0 int',@p0=1

namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<Post>
    {
        public PostConfig()
        {
            ToTable("Posts");
        }
    }
}
namespace SplittingTableSample.DomainClasses
{
    public class PostMetaDataConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<PostMetaData>
    {
        public PostMetaDataConfig()
        {
            ToTable("Posts");
            HasKey(x => x.PostId);
            HasRequired(x => x.Post).WithRequiredDependent(x => x.PostMetaData);
        }
    }
}

var post = context.Posts.Find(1);
Console.WriteLine(post.PostMetaData.Body);

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (2) 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p0',N'@p0 int',@p0=1

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Extent1].[Body] AS [Body], 
[Extent1].[Image] AS [Image]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @EntityKeyValue1',N'@EntityKeyValue1 int',@EntityKeyValue1=1

var post = context.Posts.Include(x => x.PostMetaData).SingleOrDefault(x => x.Id == 1);

SELECT 
[Limit1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Limit1].[Title] AS [Title], 
[Limit1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate], 
[Extent2].[Id] AS [Id1], 
[Extent2].[Body] AS [Body], 
[Extent2].[Image] AS [Image]
FROM   (SELECT TOP (2) [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], [Extent1].[Title] AS [Title], [Extent1].[CreatedDate] AS [CreatedDate]
FROM [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent1]
WHERE 1 = [Extent1].[Id] ) AS [Limit1]
LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[Posts] AS [Extent2] ON [Limit1].[Id] = [Extent2].[Id]