import React, { Component } from "react";


class LoginForm extends Component {
  render() {
    return <h1>Login</h1>;
  }
}

export default LoginForm;

import LoginForm from "./components/loginForm";
//...

function App() {
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <NavBar />
      <main className="container">
        <Switch>
          <Route path="/login" component={LoginForm} />
          <Route path="/movies/:id" component={MovieForm} />
          // ...
        </Switch>
      </main>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}

<NavLink className="nav-item nav-link" to="/login">
   Login
</NavLink>

import React, { Component } from "react";


class LoginForm extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <form>
        <div className="form-group">
          <label htmlFor="username">Username</label>
          <input id="username" type="text" className="form-control" />
        </div>
        <div className="form-group">
          <label htmlFor="password">Password</label>
          <input id="password" type="password" className="form-control" />
        </div>
        <button className="btn btn-primary">Login</button>
      </form>
    );
  }
}

export default LoginForm;

class LoginForm extends Component {
  handleSubmit = e => {
    console.log("handleSubmit", e);
    e.preventDefault();

    // call the server
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
      //...

const username = document.getElementById("username").value;

class LoginForm extends Component {
  username = React.createRef();

<input
  ref={this.username}
  id="username"
  type="text"
  className="form-control"
/>

  handleSubmit = e => {
    e.preventDefault();

    // call the server
    const username = this.username.current.value;
    console.log("handleSubmit", username);
  };

class LoginForm extends Component {
  username = React.createRef();

  componentDidMount = () => {
    this.username.current.focus();
  };

<input
  autoFocus
  ref={this.username}
  id="username"
  type="text"
  className="form-control"
/>

class LoginForm extends Component {
  state = {
    account: { username: "", password: "" }
  };

<input 
  value={this.state.account.username}

<input 
  value={this.state.account.username}
  onChange={this.handleChange}

  handleChange = e => {
    const account = { ...this.state.account }; //cloning an object
    account.username = e.currentTarget.value;
    this.setState({ account });
  };

  handleChange = e => {
    const account = { ...this.state.account }; //cloning an object
    account[e.currentTarget.name] = e.currentTarget.value;
    this.setState({ account });
  };

<input
  id="password"
  name="password"
  value={this.state.account.password}
  onChange={this.handleChange}
  type="password"
  className="form-control"
/>

  handleChange = ({ currentTarget: input }) => {
    const account = { ...this.state.account }; //cloning an object
    account[input.name] = input.value;
    this.setState({ account });
  };

Warning: A component is changing an uncontrolled input of type text to be controlled.
Input elements should not switch from uncontrolled to controlled (or vice versa).
Decide between using a controlled or uncontrolled input element for the lifetime of the component.
More info: https://fb.me/react-controlled-components

Warning: `value` prop on `input` should not be null.
Consider using an empty string to clear the component or `undefined` for uncontrolled components.

import React from "react";

const Input = ({ name, label, value, onChange }) => {
  return (
    <div className="form-group">
      <label htmlFor={name}>{label}</label>
      <input
        value={value}
        onChange={onChange}
        id={name}
        name={name}
        type="text"
        className="form-control"
      />
    </div>
  );
};

export default Input;

import Input from "./common/input";

  render() {
    const { account } = this.state;
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <Input
          name="username"
          label="Username"
          value={account.username}
          onChange={this.handleChange}
        />
        <Input
          name="password"
          label="Password"
          value={account.password}
          onChange={this.handleChange}
        />
        <button className="btn btn-primary">Login</button>
      </form>
    );

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

namespace TestKeys
{
    public class Bill
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public decimal Amount { set; get; }
        public virtual Account Account { get; set; }
    }

    public class Account
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Bill> Bills { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Account> Accounts { get; set; }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            var a1 = new Account { Name = "a1" };
            var a2 = new Account { Name = "a2" };

            var bill1 = new Bill { Amount = 100, Account = a1 };
            var bill2 = new Bill { Amount = 200, Account = a2 };

            context.Bills.Add(bill1);
            context.Bills.Add(bill2);
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void Start()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());
            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var bill1 = ctx.Bills.Find(1);
                Console.WriteLine(bill1.Amount);
            }
        }
    }
}

using (var ctx = new MyContext())
{
     var bill1 = ctx.Bills.Find(1);
     var a2 = new Account { Id = 2, Name = "a2" };
     bill1.Account = a2;
     ctx.SaveChanges();
}

using (var ctx = new MyContext())
{
    var bill1 = ctx.Bills.Find(1);
    var a2 = ctx.Accounts.Find(2);
    bill1.Account = a2;
    ctx.SaveChanges();
}

public class Bill
{
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public decimal Amount { set; get; }

        [ForeignKey("AccountId")]
        public virtual Account Account { get; set; }
        public int AccountId { set; get; }
}

using (var ctx = new MyContext())
{
    var bill1 = ctx.Bills.Find(1);
    bill1.AccountId = 2;
    ctx.SaveChanges();
}

using (var ctx = new MyContext())
{
     var a2 = new Account { Id = 2, Name = "a2_a2" };
     ctx.Entry(a2).State = System.Data.EntityState.Modified;
     ctx.SaveChanges();
}

public class UserModel   
{
   [Required, EmailAddress]
   public string Email { get; set; }
 
   [Required, StringLength(1000)]
   public string Name { get; set; }
}

public IActionResult SaveUser(UserModel model)
{
     if(!ModelState.IsValid)
     {

public IActionResult SaveUser(
     [Required, EmailAddress] string Email  
     [Required, StringLength(1000)] string Name)
{
    if(!ModelState.IsValid)

public IActionResult Get([BindRequired, FromRoute] Guid testId, [BindRequired, FromQuery] int qty)   
{
   if(!ModelState.IsValid)

 string data = null;
var result = data ?? "value";

if (data == null)
{
    data = "value";
}
var result = data;

class Response
{
    public string Result { set; get; }
    public int Code { set; get; }
}

 
class WebRequest
{
    public Response GetDataFromWeb(string url)
    {
        // ...
        return new Response { Result = null };
    }
}

 var webData = new WebRequest().GetDataFromWeb("https://www.dntips.ir/");
if (webData != null && webData.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (webData?.Result != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(webData.Result);
}

 if (x != null)
{
   x.Dispose();
}

 x?.Dispose();

 var copy = OnMyEvent;
if (copy != null)
{
   copy(this, new EventArgs());
}

 OnMyEvent?.Invoke(this, new EventArgs());

 var code = webData?.Code;

 if (webData?.Code > 0)
{

}

 int count = response?.Results?.Count ?? 0;

 int? x = 10;
//var value = x?.Value; // invalid
Console.WriteLine(x?.ToString());

 if (response != null && response.Results != null && response.Results.Addresses != null
  && response.Results.Addresses[0] != null && response.Results.Addresses[0].Zip == "63368")
{

}

 if(response?.Results?.Addresses?[0]?.Zip == "63368")
{

}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
    string address = customer?.Employees
                  ?.SingleOrDefault(x => x.IsAdmin)?.Address?.ToString();
    SendPackage(address);
}

 public void DoSomething(Customer customer)
{
   Contract.Requires(customer != null); 
   string address = customer.GetAdminAddress();
   SendPackage(address);
}

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { RouterModule } from '@angular/router';

import { UserRepositoryService } from './user-repository.service';
import { NavBarComponent } from './nav-bar.component';
import { AccountMenuComponent } from './account-menu.component';

@NgModule({
  imports: [ CommonModule, RouterModule ],
  exports: [ NavBarComponent, AccountMenuComponent ],
  declarations: [ NavBarComponent, AccountMenuComponent ],
  providers: [ UserRepositoryService ]
})
export class CoreModule { };

import { CoreModule } from "./core/core.module";

@NgModule({
  imports:      [
//...
    CoreModule,
//...
    RouterModule.forRoot(appRoutes)
  ],
//...
})
export class AppModule { }

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';

import { LoadingSpinnerComponent } from './loading-spinner.component';

@NgModule({
  imports: [ CommonModule ],
  declarations: [ LoadingSpinnerComponent ],
  exports: [ LoadingSpinnerComponent, CommonModule ],
  providers: [ ]
})
export class SharedModule { };

import { CoreModule } from "./core/core.module";
import { SharedModule } from "./shared/shared.module";

@NgModule({
  imports:      [
//...
    CoreModule,
    SharedModule,
//...
    RouterModule.forRoot(appRoutes)
  ],
//...
})
export class AppModule { }

> ng g m users -m app.module --routing
> ng g c users/users-list

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { RouterModule } from '@angular/router';

import { SharedModule } from '../shared/shared.module';
import { UsersListComponent } from './users-list.component';

@NgModule({
  imports: [ RouterModule, SharedModule ],
  declarations: [ UsersListComponent ],
  exports: [  ],
  providers: [ ]
})
export class UsersModule { };

    public class UserProfile
    {
        public int UserProfileId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        public virtual Cartable Cartable { get; set; }
    }

    public class Cartable
    {
        public int CartableId { get; set; }

        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Cartable>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.CartableId).ValueGeneratedNever();

                entity.HasOne(d => d.UserProfile)
                    .WithOne(p => p.Cartable)
                    .HasForeignKey<Cartable>(d => d.CartableId);
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<Cartable> Cartables { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<UserProfile> UserProfiles { get; set; }
    }

    public class Cartable
    {
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
        public int CartableId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("CartableId")]
        [InverseProperty("Cartable")]
        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { get; set; }
    }

    public class UserProfile
    {
        public int UserProfileId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("UserProfile")]
        public virtual Cartable Cartable { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyBlog
    {
        public int MyBlogId { get; set; }
        public string Url { get; set; }

        public MyBlogImage MyBlogImage { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyBlogImage
    {
        public int MyBlogImageId { get; set; }
        public byte[] Image { get; set; }
        public string Caption { get; set; }

        public int MyBlogForeignKey { get; set; }
        public MyBlog MyBlog { get; set; }
    }

modelBuilder.Entity<MyBlog>()
   .HasOne(p => p.MyBlogImage)
   .WithOne(i => i.MyBlog)
   .HasForeignKey<MyBlogImage>(b => b.MyBlogForeignKey);