public class UserProfile
    {
        public int UserProfileId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        public virtual Cartable Cartable { get; set; }
    }

    public class Cartable
    {
        public int CartableId { get; set; }

        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Cartable>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.CartableId).ValueGeneratedNever();

                entity.HasOne(d => d.UserProfile)
                    .WithOne(p => p.Cartable)
                    .HasForeignKey<Cartable>(d => d.CartableId);
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<Cartable> Cartables { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<UserProfile> UserProfiles { get; set; }
    }

    public class Cartable
    {
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
        public int CartableId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("CartableId")]
        [InverseProperty("Cartable")]
        public virtual UserProfile UserProfile { get; set; }
    }

    public class UserProfile
    {
        public int UserProfileId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("UserProfile")]
        public virtual Cartable Cartable { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyBlog
    {
        public int MyBlogId { get; set; }
        public string Url { get; set; }

        public MyBlogImage MyBlogImage { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyBlogImage
    {
        public int MyBlogImageId { get; set; }
        public byte[] Image { get; set; }
        public string Caption { get; set; }

        public int MyBlogForeignKey { get; set; }
        public MyBlog MyBlog { get; set; }
    }

modelBuilder.Entity<MyBlog>()
   .HasOne(p => p.MyBlogImage)
   .WithOne(i => i.MyBlog)
   .HasForeignKey<MyBlogImage>(b => b.MyBlogForeignKey);

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Linq;

namespace EFGeneral
{
    public class BlogComment
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [MaxLength]
        public string Body { set; get; }

        public virtual BlogComment Reply { set; get; }
        public int? ReplyId { get; set; }
        public ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<BlogComment> BlogComments { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            // Self Referencing Entity
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogComment>()
                        .HasOptional(x => x.Reply)
                        .WithMany(x => x.Children)
                        .HasForeignKey(x => x.ReplyId)
                        .WillCascadeOnDelete(false);

            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            var comment1 = new BlogComment { Body = "نظر من این است که" };
            var comment12 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به نظر اول", Reply = comment1 };
            var comment121 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به پاسخ به نظر اول", Reply = comment12 };

            context.BlogComments.Add(comment121);
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());

            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var list = ctx.BlogComments
                          //.where ...
                          .ToList() // fills the childs list too
                          .Where(x => x.Reply == null) // for TreeViewHelper                        
                          .ToList();

                if (list.Any())
                {

                }
            }
        }
    }
}

    public class BlogComment
    {
        // ... 
        public ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

private void AppendChildren(TagBuilder parentTag, T parentItem, Func<T, IEnumerable<T>> childrenProperty)
        {
            var children = childrenProperty(parentItem);
            if (children == null || !children.Any())
            {
                return;
            }
//...

public class AppUser : IdentityUser
{
    public string Email { get; set; }
    public string ConfirmationToken { get; set; }
    public bool IsConfirmed { get; set; }

    public virtual UserProfile Profile { get; set; }
}

public class UserProfile
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    public DateTime? Birthday { get; set; }

    public byte[] Avatar { get; set; }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//     This code was generated from a template.
//
//     Manual changes to this file may cause unexpected behavior in your application.
//     Manual changes to this file will be overwritten if the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace EFDbFirstDependencyInjection.DataLayer
{
    using System;
    using System.Data.Entity;
    using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
    
    public partial class TestDbIdentityEntities : DbContext
    {
        public TestDbIdentityEntities()
            : base("name=TestDbIdentityEntities")
        {
        }
    
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            throw new UnintentionalCodeFirstException();
        }
    
        public virtual DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
    }
}

public class Customer
{
    public Customer()
    {
        Orders = new ObservableCollection<Order>();
    }
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Family { get; set; }

    public string FullName
    {
        get
        {
            return Name + " " + Family;
        }
    }

    public virtual IList<Order> Orders { get; set; }
}

public class Product
{
    public Product()
    {
    }

    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }
}
public class OrderDetail
{
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public Guid ProductId { get; set; }
    public int Count { get; set; }
    public Guid OrderId { get; set; }
    public int Price { get; set; }

    public virtual Order Order { get; set; }
    public virtual Product Product { get; set; }

    public string ProductName
    {
        get
        {
            return Product != null ? Product.Name : string.Empty;
        }
    }
}

public class Order
{
    public Order()
    {
        OrderDetail = new ObservableCollection<OrderDetail>();
    }
    public Guid Id { get; set; }
    public DateTime Date { get; set; }

    public Guid CustomerId { get; set; }
    public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
    public virtual IList<OrderDetail> OrderDetail { get; set; }

    public string CustomerFullName
    {
        get
        {
            return Customer == null ? string.Empty : Customer.FullName;
        }
    }

    public int TotalPrice
    {
        get
        {
            if (OrderDetail == null)
                return 0;

            return
                OrderDetail.Where(orderdetail => orderdetail.Product != null)
                .Sum(orderdetail => orderdetail.Price*orderdetail.Count);
        }
    }
}

public class CustomerConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<Customer>
{
    public CustomerConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(c => c.Id);
        Property(c => c.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class ProductConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<Product>
{
    public ProductConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(p => p.Id);
        Property(p => p.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class OrderDetailConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<OrderDetail>
{
    public OrderDetailConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(od => od.Id);
        Property(od => od.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}
public class OrderConfiguration: EntityTypeConfiguration<Order>
{
    public OrderConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(o => o.Id);
        Property(o => o.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);
    }
}

public class StoreDbContext : DbContext
{
    public StoreDbContext()
        : base("name=StoreDb")
    {
    }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new CustomerConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new OrderConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new OrderDetailConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new ProductConfiguration());
    }

    public DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Order> Orders { get; set; }
    public DbSet<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; }
}

public class MyTestDb : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<StoreDbContext>
{
    protected override void Seed(StoreDbContext context)
    {
        var customer1 = new Customer { Name = "Vahid", Family = "Nasiri" };
        var customer2 = new Customer { Name = "Mohsen", Family = "Jamshidi" };
        var customer3 = new Customer { Name = "Mohsen", Family = "Akbari" };

        var product1 = new Product {Name = "CPU", Price = 350000};
        var product2 = new Product {Name = "Monitor", Price = 500000};
        var product3 = new Product {Name = "Keyboard", Price = 30000};
        var product4 = new Product {Name = "Mouse", Price = 20000};
        var product5 = new Product {Name = "Power", Price = 70000};
        var product6 = new Product {Name = "Hard", Price = 250000};

        var order1 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1, Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 1),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 1, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product2, Count = 1, Price = product2.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 1, Price = product3.Price},
            }
        };

        var order2 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 5),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 2, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 4, Price = product3.Price},
            }
        };

        var order3 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer1,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 9),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product1, Count = 4, Price = product1.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 5, Price = product3.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product5, Count = 6, Price = product5.Price},
            }
        };

        var order4 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer2,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 9),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product4, Count = 1, Price = product4.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product3, Count = 1, Price = product3.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product6, Count = 1, Price = product6.Price},
            }
        };

        var order5 = new Order
        {
            Customer = customer2,
            Date = new DateTime(2013, 1, 12),
            OrderDetail = new List<OrderDetail>
            {
                new OrderDetail {Product = product4, Count = 1, Price = product4.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product5, Count = 2, Price = product5.Price},
                new OrderDetail {Product = product6, Count = 5, Price = product6.Price},
            }
        };

        context.Customers.Add(customer3);

        context.Orders.Add(order1);
        context.Orders.Add(order2);
        context.Orders.Add(order3);
        context.Orders.Add(order4);
        context.Orders.Add(order5);

        context.SaveChanges();
    }

Database.SetInitializer(new MyTestDb());

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="StoreDb" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;
Initial Catalog=StoreDBTest;Integrated Security = true" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>

using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
{
    var query = context.Customers;

    foreach (var customer in query)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Customer Name: {0}, Customer Family: {1}", 
                                  customer.Name, customer.Family);
    }
}

Customer Name: Vahid, Customer Family: Nasiri
Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Jamshidi
Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Akbari

var customers = context.Customers.ToList();

private static void Query3()
{
    using (var context = new StoreDbContext())
    {
        var methodSyntaxquery = context.Customers
                   .Where(c => c.Name == "Mohsen");
        var sqlSyntaxquery = from c in context.Customers
                             where c.Name == "Mohsen"
                             select c;

        foreach (var customer in methodSyntaxquery)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Customer Name: {0}, Customer Family: {1}", 
                                      customer.Name, customer.Family);
        }
    }

    // Output:
    // Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Jamshidi
    // Customer Name: Mohsen, Customer Family: Akbari
}

1. داده‌های موجود در حافظه را بررسی می‌کند یعنی آنهایی که Load و یا Attach شده اند.
   
2. داده هایی که به DbContext اضافه (Add) ولی هنوز در database درج نشده اند.
   
3. داده هایی که در database هستند ولی هنوز Load نشده اند.