منبع : کتاب C# 8 in a Nutshell 

ParameterCollection به پارامترهای استفاده شده در فیلتر اشاره دارد که در فیلتر بالا فقط s استفاده شده‌است و از نوع string است.

BinaryExpression شامل سه قسمت مهم Left , Right و NodeType میباشد. برای فیلتر بالا، مقدار پراپرتی Left برابر s.Length می‌باشد و پراپرتی Right شامل مقدار 5 و مقدار NodeType هم برابر LessThan میباشد. یعنی فیلتر بالا به یک درخت تبدیل شده که نود اصلی آن LessThan است و دو مقدار Left و Right را باهم مقایسه میکند. اما اگر یک شرط دیگر را به فیلتر بالا اعمال کنیم، ساختار Expression کمی تغییر میکند. برای مثال: 

Expression<Func<string, bool>> filter = s => s.Length > 5 && s.Length < 45;

Expression ایجاد شده برای این فیلتر شامل همان ساختار قبلی است؛ اما با این تغییر که هر کدام از پراپرتی‌های Right و Left، خود یک BinaryExpression شده‌اند و مقدار NodeType اصلی از LessThan به AndAlso تغییر پیدا کرده‌است. Expression ایجاد شده از فیلتر بالا ( filter.Body ) به این صورت است که پراپرتی Left آن برابر است با یک BinaryExpression که مقدار NodeType آن برابر است با GreaterThan و پراپرتی Left آن شامل s.Length میباشد و پراپرتی Right آن برابر 5 میباشد. همچنین پراپرتی Right مربوط به filter.Body برابر یک ExpressionBinary است که مقدار NodeType آن برابر است با LessThan و پراپرتی Left آن برابر s.Length است و پراپرتی Right آن برابر 45 میباشد.

filter.Body شبیه به تصویر زیر میباشد :

اگر بخواهیم خودمان یک Expression tree را ایجاد کنیم، باید از پایین‌ترین نود آن شروع کنیم. یعنی ابتدا باید پراپرتی Left و Right را ایجاد کنیم و سپس این دو پراپرتی را با هم مقایسه کنیم (NodeType). در کد زیر Expression مربوط به فیلتر بالا را نوشته‌ایم:

ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(string));
MemberExpression memberExpression = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, "Length");

ConstantExpression greaterThanConstantExpression = Expression.Constant(5);
BinaryExpression greaterThanComparison = Expression.GreaterThan(memberExpression, greaterThanConstantExpression);
var greaterThan = Expression.Lambda<Func<string, bool>>(greaterThanComparison, parameterExpression);

ConstantExpression lessThanConstantExpression = Expression.Constant(45);
BinaryExpression lessThanComparsion = Expression.LessThan(memberExpression, lessThanConstantExpression);
var lessThan = Expression.Lambda<Func<string, bool>>(lessThanComparsion, parameterExpression);

var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(string), "x");
var body = Expression.AndAlso(
            Expression.Invoke(greaterThan, param),
            Expression.Invoke(lessThan, param)
        );
Expression<Func<string, bool>> filter = Expression.Lambda<Func<string, bool>>(body, param);

ParameterExpression : نوع پارامتری را که میخواهیم روی آن شرط را روی آن اعمال کنیم، مشخص کرده‌ایم.

MemberExpression  : پراپرتی Length را معرفی کرده‌ایم که قرار است شرطی بر روی این پراپرتی اعمال شود.

ConstantExpression   : مقدار ثابتی که پراپرتی MemeberExpression قرار است با آن مقایسه شود.

BinaryExpression   : نود تایپ را مشخص کرده‌ایم که برابر است با GreaterThan.

سپس Expression مربوط به هرکدام را در greaterThan و lessThan ایجاد کرده‌ایم و این دو را باهم And کرده و در متغییر body قرار داده‌ایم و در نهایت filter را با دستور Expression.Lambda ایجاد کرده‌ایم که برابر است با :

Expression<Func<string, bool>> filter = s => s.Length > 5 && s.Length < 45;

ساخت یک داینامیک فیلتر

در ادامه میخواهیم یک داینامیک فیلتر را ایجاد کنیم که به طور مثال برنامه نویس از سمت فرانت‌اند بتواند فیلتر‌های ساده‌ای را اعمال کند. برای این کار یک کلاس برای فیلتر ایجاد میکنیم :

public class DynamicModel
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Comparison { get; set; }
    public object Data { get; set; }
}

پراپرتی Data مقداری است که باید با آن مقایسه انجام شود.

Comparison نوع عملیات را مشخص میکند مانند : Equal, LessThan, GreaterThan و... .

پراپرتی Name نام پراپرتی است که باید شرط روی آن اعمال شود.

کلاس ثابت ها:

public static class ComparisonConstant
{
    public const string LessThan = "LesThan";
    public const string LessThanEqual = "LesThanEqual";
    public const string GreaterThan = "GreaterThan";
    public const string GreaterThanEqual = "GreaterThanEqual";
    public const string Equal = "Equal";
    public const string NotEqual = "NotEqual";
}

ساخت اکستنشن متد:

public static IQueryable<TModel> DynamicFilter<TModel>(this IQueryable<TModel> iqueryable, IEnumerable<DynamicModel> dynamicModel)
{
    return iqueryable.Where(Filter<TModel>(dynamicModel));
}  

public static Expression<Func<TModel, bool>> Filter<TModel>(IEnumerable<DynamicModel> dynamicModel)
{
    Expression<Func<TModel, bool>> result = a => true;
    foreach (var item in dynamicModel)
    {
        ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TModel));
        MemberExpression memberExpression = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, item.Name);
        ConstantExpression constantExpression = Expression.Constant(item.Data);
        BinaryExpression comparison = GetBinaryExpression(item.Comparison, memberExpression, constantExpression);
        var expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<TModel, bool>>(comparison, parameterExpression);
        var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TModel), "x");
        var body = Expression.AndAlso(
                    Expression.Invoke(result, param),
                    Expression.Invoke(expression, param)
                );
        result = Expression.Lambda<Func<TModel, bool>>(body, param);
    }
    return result;
}

ورودی این مدل، لیستی از DynamicModel میباشد که به ازای هر کدام از آیتم‌ها، یک BinaryExpression ایجاد میکند و آن را با result تعریف شده And میکند. یعنی تمامی آیتم‌های ارسال شده باهم And میشوند.

متد GetBinaryExpression بر اساس مقدار فیلد Comparison که از سمت فرانت ارسال میشود، کار میکند:

private static BinaryExpression GetBinaryExpression(string comparison, MemberExpression memberExpression, ConstantExpression constantExpression)
{
    switch (comparison)
    {
        case ComparisonConstant.Equal:
            return Expression.Equal(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.LessThan:
            return Expression.LessThan(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.GreaterThan:
            return Expression.GreaterThan(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.NotEqual:
            return Expression.NotEqual(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.GreaterThanEqual:
            return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        case ComparisonConstant.LessThanEqual:
            return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(memberExpression, constantExpression);
        default:
            return null;
    }
}

 کلاس Category را در نظر بگیرید که شامل دو پراپرتی Title و Id میباشد و میخواهیم از این داینامیک فیلتر، برای فیلتر کردن دیتاها استفاده کنیم از سمت فرانت‌اند. اگر از سمت فرانت‌اند چنین دیتایی ارسال شود:

[
   {
      "Name":"Title",
      "Comparison":"Equal",
      "Data":"Hi"
   },
   {
      "Name":"Id",
      "Comparison":"LesThanEqual",
      "Data": 100
   }
]

تمامی رکوردهایی که مقدار پراپرتی Title آنها برابر Hi باشد و Id آن کوچکتر مساوی 100 باشد، از دیتابیس خوانده میشود.

var categories = _dbContext.Categories
                         .DynamicFilter(filter)//filter => IEnumerable<DynamicModel>
                         .ToList();

گیت هاب داینامیک فیلتر 

                colModel: [
                    {
                        name: 'Name', index: 'Name', align: 'right', width: 200,
                        search: true, stype: 'text', searchoptions: { sopt: searchOptions }
                    },
                    {
                        name: 'Supplier.Id', index: 'Supplier.Id', align: 'right', width: 200,
                        search: true, stype: 'select', edittype: 'select', searchOperators: true,
                        searchoptions:
                        {
                            sopt: searchOptions, dataUrl: '@Url.Action("SuppliersSelect","Home")'
                        }
                    }
                ],

 var searchOptions = ['eq', 'ne', 'lt', 'le', 'gt', 'ge', 'bw', 'bn', 'in', 'ni', 'ew', 'en', 'cn', 'nc'];

        public ActionResult SuppliersSelect()
        {
            var list = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts;
            var suppliers = list.Select(x => new SelectListItem
            {
                Text = x.Supplier.CompanyName,
                Value = x.Supplier.Id.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
            }).ToList();
            return PartialView("_SelectPartial", suppliers);
        }

 @model IList<SelectListItem>

@Html.DropDownList("srch", Model)

        $(document).ready(function () {
            $('#list').jqGrid({
              // ... مانند قبل و توضیحات فوق
            })
            .jqGrid('navGrid', '#pager',
                { add: false, edit: false, del: false },
                {},  // default settings for edit
                {},  // default settings for add
                {},  // delete instead that del:false we need this
                {
                    // search options
                    multipleSearch: true,
                    closeOnEscape: true,
                    closeAfterSearch: true,
                    ignoreCase: true
                })
            .jqGrid('navButtonAdd', "#pager", {
                caption: "نوار ابزار جستجو", title: "Search Toolbar", buttonicon: 'ui-icon-search',
                onClickButton: function () {
                    toolbarSearching();
                }
            });
        });
        

        function toolbarSearching() {
            $('#list').filterToolbar({
                groupOp: 'OR',
                defaultSearch: "cn",
                autosearch: true,
                searchOnEnter: true,
                searchOperators: true, // فعال سازی منوی اپراتورها
                stringResult : true // وجود این سطر سبب می‌شود تا اپراتورها به سرور ارسال شوند
            });
        };

        function singleSearching() {
            $('#list').searchGrid({
                closeAfterSearch: true
            });
        };

        function advancedSearching() {
            $('#list').searchGrid({
                multipleSearch: true,
                closeAfterSearch: true
            });
        };

/* align center search popup in jqgrid */
.ui-jqdialog {
    display: none;
    width: 300px;
    position: absolute;
    padding: .2em;
    font-size: 11px;
    overflow: visible;
    left: 30% !important;
    top: 40% !important;
}

 //single field search
//_search=true&nd=1403935889318&rows=10&page=1&sidx=Id&sord=asc&searchField=Id&searchString=4444&searchOper=eq&filters=

//multi-field search
//_search=true&nd=1403935941367&rows=10&page=1&sidx=Id&sord=asc&filters=%7B%22groupOp%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22rules%22%3A%5B%7B%22field%22%3A%22Id%22%2C%22op%22%3A%22eq%22%2C%22data%22%3A%2244%22%7D%2C%7B%22field%22%3A%22SupplierID%22%2C%22op%22%3A%22eq%22%2C%22data%22%3A%221%22%7D%5D%7D&searchField=&searchString=&searchOper=
// filters -> {"groupOp":"AND","rules":[{"field":"All","op":"cn","data":"fffff"},{"field":"Price","op":"bn","data":"ffff"}]}

//toolbar search
//_search=true&nd=1403935593036&rows=10&page=1&sidx=Id&sord=asc&Id=2&Name=333&SupplierID=1&CategoryID=1&Price=44

        { "groupOp": "AND",
              "groups" : [ 
                { "groupOp": "OR",
                    "rules": [
                        { "field": "name", "op": "eq", "data": "England" }, 
                        { "field": "id", "op": "le", "data": "5"}
                     ]
                } 
              ],
              "rules": [
                { "field": "name", "op": "eq", "data": "Romania" }, 
                { "field": "id", "op": "le", "data": "1"}
              ]
        }

    public class SearchFilter
    {
        public string groupOp { set; get; }
        public List<SearchGroup> groups { set; get; }
        public List<SearchRule> rules { set; get; }
    }

    public class SearchRule
    {
        public string field { set; get; }
        public string op { set; get; }
        public string data { set; get; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("'{0}' {1} '{2}'", field, op, data);
        }
    }

    public class SearchGroup
    {
        public string groupOp { set; get; }
        public List<SearchRule> rules { set; get; }
    }

   public IQueryable<T> ApplyFilter<T>(IQueryable<T> query, bool _search, string searchField, string searchString,
string searchOper, string filters, NameValueCollection form)

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult GetProducts(string sidx, string sord, int page, int rows,
                                        bool _search, string searchField, string searchString,
                                        string searchOper, string filters)
        {
            var list = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts;            

            var pageIndex = page - 1;
            var pageSize = rows;
            var totalRecords = list.Count;
            var totalPages = (int)Math.Ceiling(totalRecords / (float)pageSize);

            var productsQuery = list.AsQueryable();

            productsQuery = new JqGridSearch().ApplyFilter(productsQuery, _search, searchField, searchString,
                                                           searchOper, filters, this.Request.Form);
            var productsList = productsQuery.OrderBy(sidx + " " + sord)
                                            .Skip(pageIndex * pageSize)
                                            .Take(pageSize)
                                            .ToList();

            var productsData = new JqGridData
            {
                Total = totalPages,
                Page = page,
                Records = totalRecords,
                Rows = (productsList.Select(product => new JqGridRowData
                {
                    Id = product.Id,
                    RowCells = new List<string>
                               {
                                     product.Id.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                                     product.Name,
                                     product.Supplier.CompanyName,
                                     product.Category.Name,
                                     product.Price.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)
                                }
                })).ToArray()
            };
            return Json(productsData, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

 $('#list').jqGrid({
//url access method type
mtype: 'POST',

 productsQuery = new JqGridSearch().ApplyFilter(productsQuery, _search, searchField, searchString,
  searchOper, filters, this.Request.Form);

using System;

namespace DI01
{
    public interface ICreditCard
    {
        string Charge();
    }

    public class Visa : ICreditCard
    {
        public string Charge()
        {
            return "Charging with the Visa!";
        }
    }

    public class MasterCard : ICreditCard
    {
        public string Charge()
        {
            return "Swiping the MasterCard!";
        }
    }

    public class Shopper
    {
        private readonly ICreditCard creditCard;

        public Shopper(ICreditCard creditCard)
        {
            this.creditCard = creditCard;
        }

        public void Charge()
        {
            var chargeMessage = creditCard.Charge();
            Console.WriteLine(chargeMessage);
        }
    }    
}

 var shopper = new Shopper(new Visa());
shopper.Charge();

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace DI01
{
    public class Resolver
    {
        //کار ذخیره سازی و نگاشت از یک نوع به نوعی دیگر در اینجا توسط این دیکشنری انجام خواهد شد
        private Dictionary<Type, Type> dependencyMap = new Dictionary<Type, Type>();

        /// <summary>
        /// یک نوع خاص از آن درخواست شده و سپس بر اساس تنظیمات برنامه، کار وهله سازی
        /// نمونه معادل آن صورت خواهد گرفت
        /// </summary>
        public T Resolve<T>()
        {
            return (T)Resolve(typeof(T));
        }

        private object Resolve(Type typeToResolve)
        {
            Type resolvedType;

            // ابتدا بررسی می‌شود که آیا در تنظیمات برنامه نگاشت متناظری برای نوع درخواستی وجود دارد؟
            if (!dependencyMap.TryGetValue(typeToResolve, out resolvedType))
            {
                //اگر خیر، کار متوقف خواهد شد
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Could not resolve type {0}", typeToResolve.FullName));
            }

            var firstConstructor = resolvedType.GetConstructors().First();
            var constructorParameters = firstConstructor.GetParameters();
            // در ادامه اگر این نوع، دارای سازنده‌ی بدون پارامتری است
            // بلافاصله وهله سازی خواهد شد
            if (!constructorParameters.Any())
                return Activator.CreateInstance(resolvedType);


            var parameters = new List<object>();
            foreach (var parameterToResolve in constructorParameters)
            {
                // در اینجا یک فراخوانی بازگشتی صورت گرفته است برای وهله سازی
                // خودکار پارامترهای مختلف سازنده یک کلاس
                parameters.Add(Resolve(parameterToResolve.ParameterType));
            }            
            return firstConstructor.Invoke(parameters.ToArray());
        }

        public void Register<TFrom, TTo>()
        {
            dependencyMap.Add(typeof(TFrom), typeof(TTo));
        }
    }
}

 var resolver = new Resolver();
//تنظیمات اولیه
resolver.Register<Shopper, Shopper>();
resolver.Register<ICreditCard, Visa>();
//تزریق وابستگی‌ها و وهله سازی
var shopper = resolver.Resolve<Shopper>();
shopper.Charge();

 PM> Install-Package Unity

using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;

namespace DI02
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var container = new UnityContainer();

            container.RegisterType<ICreditCard, MasterCard>();

            var shopper = container.Resolve<Shopper>();
            shopper.Charge();
        }
    }
}

 container.RegisterType<ICreditCard, MasterCard>(new InjectionProperty("propertyName", 5));

 container.RegisterType<ICreditCard, MasterCard>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());

namespace CoreIocServices
{
    public interface IMessageService
    {
        void Send(string message);
    }

    public class EmailService : IMessageService
    {
        public void Send(string message)
        {
            // ...
        }
    }

    public class SmsService : IMessageService
    {
        public void Send(string message)
        {
            //todo: ...
        }
    }
}

namespace CoreIocSample02
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddTransient<IMessageService, EmailService>();
            services.AddTransient<IMessageService, SmsService>();
        }

using CoreIocServices;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace CoreIocSample02.Controllers
{
    public class MessagesController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IMessageService _emailService;
        private readonly IMessageService _smsService;

        public MessagesController(IMessageService emailService, IMessageService smsService)
        {
            _emailService = emailService;
            _smsService = smsService;
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using CoreIocServices;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace CoreIocSample02.Controllers
{
    public class MessagesController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IEnumerable<IMessageService> _messageServices;

        public MessagesController(IEnumerable<IMessageService> messageServices)
        {
            _messageServices = messageServices;
        }

var emailService = _messageServices.OfType<EmailService>().First();

var messageServices = serviceProvider.GetServices<IMessageService>();

namespace CoreIocServices
{
    public enum MessageServiceType
    {
        EmailService,
        SmsService
    }

namespace CoreIocSample02
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddTransient<EmailService>();
            services.AddTransient<SmsService>();

namespace CoreIocSample02
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddTransient<EmailService>();
            services.AddTransient<SmsService>();
            services.AddTransient<Func<MessageServiceType, IMessageService>>(serviceProvider => key =>
            {
                switch (key)
                {
                    case MessageServiceType.EmailService:
                        return serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<EmailService>();
                    case MessageServiceType.SmsService:
                        return serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<SmsService>();
                    default:
                        throw new NotImplementedException($"Service of type {key} is not implemented.");
                }
            });

namespace CoreIocSample02.Controllers
{
    public class MessagesController : Controller
    {
        private readonly Func<MessageServiceType, IMessageService> _messageServiceResolver;

        public MessagesController(Func<MessageServiceType, IMessageService> messageServiceResolver)
        {
            _messageServiceResolver = messageServiceResolver;
        }

public IActionResult Index()
{
   var emailService = _messageServiceResolver(MessageServiceType.EmailService);
   //use emailService ...
   return View();
}

using System.IO;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC4Basic.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        const int AMonth = 30 * 86400;

        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));
            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }
    }
}

 <img src="@Url.Action("GetImage","Home", new { name = "test.png"})"/>

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK

Response Headers
Cache-Control:public, max-age=2591916
Expires:Sat, 31 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT
Last-Modified:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:304 Not Modified

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK (from cache)

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC4Basic.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        const int AMonth = 30 * 86400;

        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));

            var lastWriteTime = System.IO.File.GetLastWriteTime(path);
            this.Response.Cache.SetLastModified(lastWriteTime.ToUniversalTime());

            var header = this.Request.Headers["If-Modified-Since"];
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(header))
            {
                DateTime isModifiedSince;
                if (DateTime.TryParse(header, out isModifiedSince) && isModifiedSince > lastWriteTime)
                {
                    return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.NotModified);
                }
            }

            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }
    }
}

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:304 Not Modified

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 13:43:32 GMT

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public sealed class SetIfModifiedSinceAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public string Parameter { set; get; }
        public string BasePath { set; get; }

        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            var response = filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Response;
            var request = filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Request;

            var path = getPath(filterContext);
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
            {
                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound;
                filterContext.Result = new EmptyResult();
                return;
            }

            var lastWriteTime = File.GetLastWriteTime(path);
            response.Cache.SetLastModified(lastWriteTime.ToUniversalTime());

            var header = request.Headers["If-Modified-Since"];
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(header)) return;
            DateTime isModifiedSince;
            if (DateTime.TryParse(header, out isModifiedSince) && isModifiedSince > lastWriteTime)
            {
                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotModified;
                response.SuppressContent = true;
                filterContext.Result = new EmptyResult();
            }
        }

        string getPath(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            if (!filterContext.ActionParameters.ContainsKey(Parameter)) return string.Empty;
            var name = filterContext.ActionParameters[Parameter] as string;
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name)) return string.Empty;

            var path = Path.GetFileName(name);
            path = filterContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath(string.Format("{0}/{1}", BasePath, path));
            return !File.Exists(path) ? string.Empty : path;
        }
    }

        [SetIfModifiedSince(Parameter = "name", BasePath = "~/app_data/images/")]
        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));
            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }

 >ng g c Dashboard/CallProtectedApi

import { CallProtectedApiComponent } from "./call-protected-api/call-protected-api.component";

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: "callProtectedApi",
    component: CallProtectedApiComponent,
    data: {
      permission: {
        permittedRoles: ["Admin", "User"],
        deniedRoles: null
      } as AuthGuardPermission
    },
    canActivate: [AuthGuard]
  }
];

<li *ngIf="isLoggedIn" routerLinkActive="active">
        <a [routerLink]="['/callProtectedApi']">‍‍Call Protected Api</a>
</li>

import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { AuthService } from "../../core/services/auth.service";

@Component({
  selector: "app-call-protected-api",
  templateUrl: "./call-protected-api.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./call-protected-api.component.css"]
})
export class CallProtectedApiComponent implements OnInit {

  isAdmin = false;
  isUser = false;
  result: any;

  constructor(private authService: AuthService) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.isAdmin = this.authService.isAuthUserInRole("Admin");
    this.isUser = this.authService.isAuthUserInRole("User");
  }

  callMyProtectedAdminApiController() {
  }

  callMyProtectedApiController() {
  }
}

<button *ngIf="isAdmin" (click)="callMyProtectedAdminApiController()">
  Call Protected Admin API [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
</button>

<button *ngIf="isAdmin || isUser" (click)="callMyProtectedApiController()">
  Call Protected API ([Authorize])
</button>

<div *ngIf="result">
  <pre>{{result | json}}</pre>
</div>

  getBearerAuthHeader(): HttpHeaders {
    return new HttpHeaders({
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      "Authorization": `Bearer ${this.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken)}`
    });
  }

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { HttpEvent, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpRequest } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";

import { AuthService, AuthTokenType } from "./auth.service";

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(private authService: AuthService) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {

    const accessToken = this.authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
    }

    return next.handle(request);
  }
}

import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from "@angular/common/http";

import { AuthInterceptor } from "./services/auth.interceptor";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    {
      provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
      useClass: AuthInterceptor,
      multi: true
    }
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {}

compiler.js:19514 Uncaught Error: Provider parse errors:
Cannot instantiate cyclic dependency! InjectionToken_HTTP_INTERCEPTORS ("[ERROR ->]"): in NgModule AppModule in ./AppModule@-1:-1

import { Injector } from "@angular/core";

  constructor(private injector: Injector) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(private injector: Injector) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);
    const accessToken = authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
    }

    return next.handle(request);
  }
}

  constructor(
    private authService: AuthService,
    private httpClient: HttpClient,
    @Inject(APP_CONFIG) private appConfig: IAppConfig,
  ) { }

  callMyProtectedAdminApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedAdminApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

  callMyProtectedApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

    return next.handle(request)
      .catch((error: any, caught: Observable<HttpEvent<any>>) => {
        if (error.status === 401 || error.status === 403) {
          this.router.navigate(["/accessDenied"]);
        }
        return Observable.throw(error);
      });

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(
    private injector: Injector,
    private router: Router) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);
    const accessToken = authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
      return next.handle(request)
        .catch((error: any, caught: Observable<HttpEvent<any>>) => {
          if (error.status === 401 || error.status === 403) {
            this.router.navigate(["/accessDenied"]);
          }
          return Observable.throw(error);
        });
    } else {
      // login page
      return next.handle(request);
    }
  }
}

using ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Cors;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [EnableCors("CorsPolicy")]
    [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Editor)]
    public class MyProtectedEditorsApiController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Get()
        {
            return Ok(new
            {
                Id = 1,
                Title = "Hello from My Protected Editors Controller! [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Editor)]",
                Username = this.User.Identity.Name
            });
        }
    }
}

  callMyProtectedEditorsApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedEditorsApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

• Which API are you using? – Google+ API
• Where will you be calling the API from? – Web server (e.g. node.js, Tomcat)
• What data will you be accessing? – User data

https://localhost:6001/signin-google

{
  "Authentication": {
    "Google": {
      "ClientId": "xxxx",
      "ClientSecret": "xxxx"
    }
  }
}

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
   // ... 

            services.AddAuthentication()
                .AddGoogle(authenticationScheme: "Google", configureOptions: options =>
                {
                    options.SignInScheme = IdentityServerConstants.ExternalCookieAuthenticationScheme;
                    options.ClientId = Configuration["Authentication:Google:ClientId"];
                    options.ClientSecret = Configuration["Authentication:Google:ClientSecret"];
                });
        }

 public const string ExternalCookieAuthenticationScheme = "idsrv.external";

namespace DNT.IDP.Controllers.Account
{
    [SecurityHeaders]
    [AllowAnonymous]
    public class ExternalController : Controller
    {
        public async Task<IActionResult> Callback()
        {
            var result = await HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync(IdentityServer4.IdentityServerConstants.ExternalCookieAuthenticationScheme);
            var returnUrl = result.Properties.Items["returnUrl"] ?? "~/";

            var (user, provider, providerUserId, claims) = await FindUserFromExternalProvider(result);
            if (user == null)
            {
                // user = AutoProvisionUser(provider, providerUserId, claims);
                
                var returnUrlAfterRegistration = Url.Action("Callback", new { returnUrl = returnUrl });
                var continueWithUrl = Url.Action("RegisterUser", "UserRegistration" ,
                    new { returnUrl = returnUrlAfterRegistration, provider = provider, providerUserId = providerUserId });
                return Redirect(continueWithUrl);
            }

var (user, provider, providerUserId, claims) = await FindUserFromExternalProvider(result);  
foreach (var claim in claims)
{
   _logger.LogInformation($"External provider[{provider}] info-> claim:{claim.Type}, value:{claim.Value}");
}

External provider[Google] info-> claim:http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name, value:Vahid N.
External provider[Google] info-> claim:http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/givenname, value:Vahid
External provider[Google] info-> claim:http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname, value:N.
External provider[Google] info-> claim:urn:google:profile, value:https://plus.google.com/105013528531611201860
External provider[Google] info-> claim:http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress, value:my.name@gmail.com

        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Callback()
        {
            // ...

            var (user, provider, providerUserId, claims) = await FindUserFromExternalProvider(result);
            if (user == null)
            {
                // user wasn't found by provider, but maybe one exists with the same email address?  
                if (provider == "Google")
                {
                    // email claim from Google
                    var email = claims.FirstOrDefault(c =>
                        c.Type == "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress");
                    if (email != null)
                    {
                        var userByEmail = await _usersService.GetUserByEmailAsync(email.Value);
                        if (userByEmail != null)
                        {
                            // add Google as a provider for this user
                            await _usersService.AddUserLoginAsync(userByEmail.SubjectId, provider, providerUserId);

                            // redirect to ExternalLoginCallback
                            var continueWithUrlAfterAddingUserLogin =
                                Url.Action("Callback", new {returnUrl = returnUrl});
                            return Redirect(continueWithUrlAfterAddingUserLogin);
                        }
                    }
                }


                var returnUrlAfterRegistration = Url.Action("Callback", new {returnUrl = returnUrl});
                var continueWithUrl = Url.Action("RegisterUser", "UserRegistration",
                    new {returnUrl = returnUrlAfterRegistration, provider = provider, providerUserId = providerUserId});
                return Redirect(continueWithUrl);
            }

// در فایل CaptchaImageResult.cs
HttpResponseBase response = context.HttpContext.Response;
response.ContentType = "image/jpeg";
context.HttpContext.DisableBrowserCache(); // این سطر جدید است
bitmap.Save(response.OutputStream, ImageFormat.Jpeg);

    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [NoBrowserCache]
        public ActionResult Index()

<img src="@Url.Action("CaptchaImage", "Home", routeValues: new{ rdnDate = DateTime.Now.Ticks })"/>