public interface INotifyPropertyChanged  
{ 
   event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;  
}

  partial class CarModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
  {

    private double _speedKmPerHour;
    
    public double SpeedKmPerHour
    {
      get => _speedKmPerHour;
      set
      {
        _speedKmPerHour = value;
        PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(SpeedKmPerHour)));
      }
    }

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
  }

  partial class CarModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
  {
    private double _speedKmPerHour;    
  }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers" Version="3.3.3">
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
    </PackageReference>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp" Version="4.2.0" PrivateAssets="all" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

  [Generator]
  public class NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator : ISourceGenerator
  {
    public void Initialize(GeneratorInitializationContext context)
    {
    }

    public void Execute(GeneratorExecutionContext context)
    {

    public void Execute(GeneratorExecutionContext context)
    {
      // uncomment to debug the actual build of the target project
      // Debugger.Launch();
      var compilation = context.Compilation;
      var notifyInterface = compilation.GetTypeByMetadataName("System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged");

      foreach (var syntaxTree in compilation.SyntaxTrees)
      {
        var semanticModel = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxTree);
        var immutableHashSet = syntaxTree.GetRoot()
          .DescendantNodesAndSelf()
          .OfType<ClassDeclarationSyntax>()
          .Select(x => semanticModel.GetDeclaredSymbol(x))
          .OfType<ITypeSymbol>()
          .Where(x => x.Interfaces.Contains(notifyInterface))
          .ToImmutableHashSet();

        foreach (var typeSymbol in immutableHashSet)
        {
          var source = GeneratePropertyChanged(typeSymbol);
          context.AddSource($"{typeSymbol.Name}.Notify.cs", source);
        }
      }
    }

    private string GeneratePropertyChanged(ITypeSymbol typeSymbol)
    {
      return $@"
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace {typeSymbol.ContainingNamespace}
{{
  partial class {typeSymbol.Name}
  {{
    {GenerateProperties(typeSymbol)}
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
  }}
}}";
    }

    private static string GenerateProperties(ITypeSymbol typeSymbol)
    {
      var sb = new StringBuilder();
      var suffix = "BackingField";

      foreach (var fieldSymbol in typeSymbol.GetMembers().OfType<IFieldSymbol>()
        .Where(x=>x.Name.EndsWith(suffix)))
      {
        var propertyName = fieldSymbol.Name[..^suffix.Length];
        sb.AppendLine($@"
    public {fieldSymbol.Type} {propertyName}
    {{
      get => {fieldSymbol.Name};
      set
      {{
        {fieldSymbol.Name} = value;
        PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof({propertyName})));
      }}
    }}");
      }

      return sb.ToString();
    }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator\NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.csproj"
                      OutputItemType="Analyzer" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false"/>
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.Demo
{
  public partial class CarModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
  {
    private double SpeedKmPerHourBackingField;
    private int NumberOfDoorsBackingField;
    private string ModelBackingField = "";

    public void SpeedUp() => SpeedKmPerHour *= 1.1;
  }
}

@using BlazorWasm.Client.Pages.Authentication

@using System.Security.Claims

@inject NavigationManager NavigationManager

if(AuthState is not null)
{
    <div class="alert alert-danger">
        <p>You [@AuthState.User.Identity.Name] do not have access to the requested page</p>
        <div>
            Your roles:
            <ul>
            @foreach (var claim in AuthState.User.Claims.Where(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.Role))
            {
                <li>@claim.Value</li>
            }
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
}

@code
{
    [CascadingParameter]
    private Task<AuthenticationState> AuthenticationState {set; get;}

    AuthenticationState AuthState;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        AuthState = await AuthenticationState;
        if (!IsAuthenticated(AuthState))
        {
            var returnUrl = NavigationManager.ToBaseRelativePath(NavigationManager.Uri);
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(returnUrl))
            {
                NavigationManager.NavigateTo("login");
            }
            else
            {
                NavigationManager.NavigateTo($"login?returnUrl={Uri.EscapeDataString(returnUrl)}");
            }
        }
    }

    private bool IsAuthenticated(AuthenticationState authState) =>
            authState?.User?.Identity is not null && authState.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated;
}

<NotAuthorized>
    <RedirectToLogin></RedirectToLogin>
</NotAuthorized>

using System;
using BlazorServer.Common;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Utils
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = true)]
    public class RolesAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        public RolesAttribute(params string[] roles)
        {
            Roles = $"{ConstantRoles.Admin},{string.Join(",", roles)}";
        }
    }
}

@attribute [Roles(ConstantRoles.Customer, ConstantRoles.Employee)]

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [Authorize(Roles = "Editor")]
    public class MyProtectedEditorsApiController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public IActionResult Get()
        {
            return Ok(new ProtectedEditorsApiDTO
            {
                Id = 1,
                Title = "Hello from My Protected Editors Controller!",
                Username = this.User.Identity.Name
            });
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Services
{
    public class ClientHttpInterceptorService : DelegatingHandler
    {
        private readonly NavigationManager _navigationManager;
        private readonly ILocalStorageService _localStorage;
        private readonly IJSRuntime _jsRuntime;

        public ClientHttpInterceptorService(
                NavigationManager navigationManager,
                ILocalStorageService localStorage,
                IJSRuntime JsRuntime)
        {
            _navigationManager = navigationManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(navigationManager));
            _localStorage = localStorage ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(localStorage));
            _jsRuntime = JsRuntime ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(JsRuntime));
        }

        protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            // How to add a JWT to all of the requests
            var token = await _localStorage.GetItemAsync<string>(ConstantKeys.LocalToken);
            if (token is not null)
            {
                request.Headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("bearer", token);
            }

            var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);

            if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                await _jsRuntime.ToastrError($"Failed to call `{request.RequestUri}`. StatusCode: {response.StatusCode}.");

                switch (response.StatusCode)
                {
                    case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
                        _navigationManager.NavigateTo("/404");
                        break;
                    case HttpStatusCode.Forbidden: // 403
                    case HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized: // 401
                        _navigationManager.NavigateTo("/unauthorized");
                        break;
                    default:
                        _navigationManager.NavigateTo("/500");
                        break;
                }
            }

            return response;
        }
    }
}

@page "/unauthorized"

<div class="alert alert-danger mt-3">
    <p>You don't have access to the requested resource.</p>
</div>

dotnet add package Microsoft.Extensions.Http

namespace BlazorWasm.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            //...

            // builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.HostEnvironment.BaseAddress) });
            /*builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => new HttpClient
            {
                BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.Configuration.GetValue<string>("BaseAPIUrl"))
            });*/

            // dotnet add package Microsoft.Extensions.Http
            builder.Services.AddHttpClient(
                    name: "ServerAPI",
                    configureClient: client =>
                    {
                        client.BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.Configuration.GetValue<string>("BaseAPIUrl"));
                        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("User-Agent", "BlazorWasm.Client 1.0");
                    }
                )
                .AddHttpMessageHandler<ClientHttpInterceptorService>();
            builder.Services.AddScoped<ClientHttpInterceptorService>();
            builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>().CreateClient("ServerAPI"));

            //...
        }
    }
}

// ...

@*@attribute [Authorize]*@


@code
{
    [CascadingParameter] public Task<AuthenticationState> AuthenticationState { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        var authenticationState = await AuthenticationState;
        if (!authenticationState.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
        {
            var uri = new Uri(NavigationManager.Uri);
            NavigationManager.NavigateTo($"/identity/account/login?returnUrl={uri.LocalPath}");
        }
        // ...

namespace BlazorServer.Common
{
    public static class ConstantRoles
    {
        public const string Admin = nameof(Admin);
        public const string Customer = nameof(Customer);
        public const string Employee = nameof(Employee);
    }
}

{
  "AdminUserSeed": {
    "UserName": "vahid@dntips.ir",
    "Password": "123@456#Pass",
    "Email": "vahid@dntips.ir"
  }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class AdminUserSeed
    {
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddOptions<AdminUserSeed>().Bind(Configuration.GetSection("AdminUserSeed"));
            // ...

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using BlazorServer.Common;
using BlazorServer.DataAccess;
using BlazorServer.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class IdentityDbInitializer : IIdentityDbInitializer
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        private readonly UserManager<IdentityUser> _userManager;
        private readonly RoleManager<IdentityRole> _roleManager;
        private readonly IOptions<AdminUserSeed> _adminUserSeedOptions;

        public IdentityDbInitializer(
            ApplicationDbContext dbContext,
            UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager,
            RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager,
            IOptions<AdminUserSeed> adminUserSeedOptions)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
            _roleManager = roleManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(roleManager));
            _userManager = userManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userManager));
            _adminUserSeedOptions = adminUserSeedOptions ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(adminUserSeedOptions));
        }

        public async Task SeedDatabaseWithAdminUserAsync()
        {
            if (_dbContext.Roles.Any(role => role.Name == ConstantRoles.Admin))
            {
                return;
            }

            await _roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(ConstantRoles.Admin));
            await _roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(ConstantRoles.Customer));
            await _roleManager.CreateAsync(new IdentityRole(ConstantRoles.Employee));

            await _userManager.CreateAsync(
                new IdentityUser
                {
                    UserName = _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.UserName,
                    Email = _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.Email,
                    EmailConfirmed = true
                },
                _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.Password);

            var user = await _dbContext.Users.FirstAsync(u => u.Email == _adminUserSeedOptions.Value.Email);
            await _userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, ConstantRoles.Admin);
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IIdentityDbInitializer, IdentityDbInitializer>();
            // ...

using System;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Polly;

namespace BlazorServer.DataAccess.Utils
{
    public static class MigrationHelpers
    {
        public static void MigrateDbContext<TContext>(
                this IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
                Action<IServiceProvider> postMigrationAction
                ) where TContext : DbContext
        {
            using var scope = serviceProvider.CreateScope();
            var scopedServiceProvider = scope.ServiceProvider;
            var logger = scopedServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ILogger<TContext>>();
            using var context = scopedServiceProvider.GetService<TContext>();

            logger.LogInformation($"Migrating the DB associated with the context {typeof(TContext).Name}");

            var retry = Policy.Handle<Exception>().WaitAndRetry(new[]
                {
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15)
                });

            retry.Execute(() =>
                {
                    context.Database.Migrate();
                    postMigrationAction(scopedServiceProvider);
                });

            logger.LogInformation($"Migrated the DB associated with the context {typeof(TContext).Name}");
        }
    }
}

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();
    host.Services.MigrateDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(
     scopedServiceProvider =>
            scopedServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<IIdentityDbInitializer>()
                                 .SeedDatabaseWithAdminUserAsync()
                                 .GetAwaiter()
                                 .GetResult()
    );
    host.Run();
}

@attribute [Authorize(Roles = ConstantRoles.Admin)]

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        var authenticationState = await AuthenticationState;
        if (!authenticationState.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated ||
            !authenticationState.User.IsInRole(ConstantRoles.Admin))
        {
            var uri = new Uri(NavigationManager.Uri);
            NavigationManager.NavigateTo($"/identity/account/login?returnUrl={uri.LocalPath}");
        }

npm i -g @strest/cli

version: 2

variables:
  baseUrl: https://localhost:5001/api
  logResponse: false

allowInsecure: true

requests:
  loginRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/account/login
      method: POST
      postData:
        mimeType: application/json
        text:
          username: "Vahid"
          password: "1234"
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.access_token
        type: [string]
      - jsonpath: content.refresh_token
        type: [string]

  myProtectedApiRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ loginRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.title
        expect: "Hello from My Protected Controller! [Authorize]"

  mProtectedAdminApiRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedAdminApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ loginRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.title
        expect: "Hello from My Protected Admin Api Controller! [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Admin)]"

  refreshTokenRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/account/RefreshToken
      method: POST
      postData:
        mimeType: application/json
        text:
          refreshToken: <$ loginRequest.content.refresh_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.access_token
        type: [string]
      - jsonpath: content.refresh_token
        type: [string]

  myProtectedApiRequestWithNewToken:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content.title
        expect: "Hello from My Protected Controller! [Authorize]"

  myProtectedApiRequestWithOldToken:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ loginRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: status
        expect: 401

  logoutRequest:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/account/logout
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.access_token $>
      queryString:
        - name: refreshToken
          value: <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.refresh_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: content
        expect: true

  myProtectedApiRequestWithNewTokenAfterLogout:
    request:
      url: <$ baseUrl $>/MyProtectedApi
      method: GET
      headers:
        - name: Authorization
          value: Bearer <$ refreshTokenRequest.content.access_token $>
    log: <$ logResponse $>
    validate:
      - jsonpath: status
        expect: 401

{
  "jti": "b2921057-32a4-fbb2-0c18-5889c1ab8e70",
  "iss": "https://localhost:5001/",
  "iat": 1576402824,
  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier": "1",
  "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name": "Vahid N.",
  "DisplayName": "Vahid N.",
  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/userdata": "1",
  "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role": "Admin",
  "nbf": 1576402824,
  "exp": 1576402944,
  "aud": "Any"
}

class App extends Component {
  state = {};

> npm install --save jwt-decode

import jwtDecode from "jwt-decode";
// ...

class App extends Component {
  state = {};

  componentDidMount() {
    try {
      const jwt = localStorage.getItem("token");
      const currentUser = jwtDecode(jwt);
      console.log("currentUser", currentUser);
      this.setState({ currentUser });
    } catch (ex) {
      console.log(ex);
    }
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <ToastContainer />
        <NavBar user={this.state.currentUser} />
        <main className="container">

const NavBar = ({ user }) => {

{!user && (
  <React.Fragment>
    <NavLink className="nav-item nav-link" to="/login">
      Login
    </NavLink>
    <NavLink className="nav-item nav-link" to="/register">
      Register
    </NavLink>
  </React.Fragment>
)}

{user && (
  <React.Fragment>
    <NavLink className="nav-item nav-link" to="/logout">
      Logout
    </NavLink>
    <NavLink className="nav-item nav-link" to="/profile">
      {user.DisplayName}
    </NavLink>
  </React.Fragment>
)}

this.props.history.push("/");

window.location = "/";

<NavLink className="nav-item nav-link" to="/logout">
   Logout
</NavLink>

import Logout from "./components/logout";
// ...

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
          // ...
          <Switch>
            // ...
            <Route path="/logout" component={Logout} />

import { Component } from "react";

class Logout extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    localStorage.removeItem("token");
    window.location = "/";
  }

  render() {
    return null;
  }
}

export default Logout;

const tokenKey = "token";

export async function login(email, password) {
  const {
    data: { access_token }
  } = await http.post(apiEndpoint + "/login", { email, password });
  console.log("JWT", access_token);
  localStorage.setItem(tokenKey, access_token);
}

const { data } = this.state;
await auth.login(data.username, data.password);
window.location = "/";

export function logout() {
  localStorage.removeItem(tokenKey);
}

import * as auth from "../services/authService";

class Logout extends Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    auth.logout();

import jwtDecode from "jwt-decode";
//...

export function getCurrentUser() {
  try {
    const jwt = localStorage.getItem(tokenKey);
    const currentUser = jwtDecode(jwt);
    console.log("currentUser", currentUser);
    return currentUser;
  } catch (ex) {
    console.log(ex);
    return null;
  }
}

import * as auth from "./services/authService";

class App extends Component {
  state = {};

  componentDidMount() {
    const currentUser = auth.getCurrentUser();
    this.setState({ currentUser });
  }

export function loginWithJwt(jwt) {
   localStorage.setItem(tokenKey, jwt);
}

import * as auth from "../services/authService";
// ...
const response = await userService.register(this.state.data);
auth.loginWithJwt(response.headers["x-auth-token"]);

> npm i axios --save
> npm i react-toastify --save

import { ToastContainer } from "react-toastify";
import "react-toastify/dist/ReactToastify.css";

  render() {
    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <ToastContainer />

import { apiUrl } from "../config.json";
import http from "./httpService";

export function getGenres() {
  return http.get(apiUrl + "/genres");
}

{
   "apiUrl": "https://localhost:5001/api"
}

import { getGenres } from "../services/fakeGenreService";

import { getGenres } from "../services/genreService";

Uncaught TypeError: Object is not a function or its return value is not iterable

  async componentDidMount() {
    const { data } = await getGenres();
    const genres = [{ _id: "", name: "All Genres" }, ...data];
    this.setState({ movies: getMovies(), genres });
  }

import { apiUrl } from "../config.json";
import http from "./httpService";

const apiEndpoint = apiUrl + "/movies";

function movieUrl(id) {
  return `${apiEndpoint}/${id}`;
}

export function getMovies() {
  return http.get(apiEndpoint);
}

export function getMovie(movieId) {
  return http.get(movieUrl(movieId));
}

export function saveMovie(movie) {
  if (movie.id) {
    return http.put(movieUrl(movie.id), movie);
  }

  return http.post(apiEndpoint, movie);
}

export function deleteMovie(movieId) {
  return http.delete(movieUrl(movieId));
}

import { getMovies, deleteMovie } from "../services/movieService";

  async componentDidMount() {
    const { data } = await getGenres();
    const genres = [{ id: "", name: "All Genres" }, ...data];

    const { data: movies } = await getMovies();
    this.setState({ movies, genres });
  }

  handleDelete = async movie => {
    const originalMovies = this.state.movies;

    const movies = originalMovies.filter(m => m.id !== movie.id);
    this.setState({ movies });

    try {
      await deleteMovie(movie.id);
    } catch (ex) {
      if (ex.response && ex.response.status === 404) {
        console.log(ex);
        toast.error("This movie has already been deleted.");
      }

      this.setState({ movies: originalMovies }); //undo changes
    }
  };

import { toast } from "react-toastify";

import { getGenres } from "../services/fakeGenreService";
import { getMovie, saveMovie } from "../services/fakeMovieService";

import { getGenres } from "../services/genreService";
import { getMovie, saveMovie } from "../services/movieService";

  async componentDidMount() {
    const { data: genres } = await getGenres();
    this.setState({ genres });

    const movieId = this.props.match.params.id;
    if (movieId === "new") return;

    const { data: movie } = await getMovie(movieId);
    if (!movie) return this.props.history.replace("/not-found");

    this.setState({ data: this.mapToViewModel(movie) });
  }

  async populateGenres() {
    const { data: genres } = await getGenres();
    this.setState({ genres });
  }

  async populateMovie() {
    try {
      const movieId = this.props.match.params.id;
      if (movieId === "new") return;

      const { data: movie } = await getMovie(movieId);
      this.setState({ data: this.mapToViewModel(movie) });
    } catch (ex) {
      if (ex.response && ex.response.status === 404)
        this.props.history.replace("/not-found");
    }
  }

  async componentDidMount() {
    await this.populateGenres();
    await this.populateMovie();
  }

  doSubmit = async () => {
    await saveMovie(this.state.data);

    this.props.history.push("/movies");
  };

class MoviesTable extends Component {
  render() {
    const { movies, onDelete, onLike } = this.props;

import Like from "./common/like";

// ...
<Like liked={movie.liked} onClick={() => onLike(movie)} />

<button
  onClick={() => onDelete(movie)}
  className="btn btn-danger btn-sm"
>
  Delete
</button>

import MoviesTable from "./moviesTable";

<MoviesTable
  movies={movies}
  onDelete={this.handleDelete}
  onLike={this.handleLike}
/>

    return (
      <div className="row">
        <div className="col-3">
          <ListGroup
            items={this.state.genres}
            onItemSelect={this.handleGenreSelect}
            selectedItem={this.state.selectedGenre}
          />
        </div>
        <div className="col">
          <p>Showing {totalCount} movies in the database.</p>
          <MoviesTable
            movies={movies}
            onDelete={this.handleDelete}
            onLike={this.handleLike}
          />
          <Pagination
            itemsCount={totalCount}
            pageSize={this.state.pageSize}
            onPageChange={this.handlePageChange}
            currentPage={this.state.currentPage}
          />
        </div>
      </div>
    );

class MoviesTable extends Component {
  render() {
    const { movies, onDelete, onLike, onSort } = this.props;

    return (
      <table className="table">
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => onSort("title")}>Title</th>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => onSort("genre.name")}>Genre</th>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => onSort("numberInStock")}>Stock</th>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => onSort("dailyRentalRate")}>Rate</th>
            <th />
            <th />
          </tr>
        </thead>

<MoviesTable
  movies={movies}
  onDelete={this.handleDelete}
  onLike={this.handleLike}
  onSort={this.handleSort}
/>

  handleSort = column => {
    console.log("handleSort", column);
  };

  handleSort = path => {
    console.log("handleSort", path);
    this.setState({ sortColumn: { path, order: "asc" } });
  };

class Movies extends Component {
  state = {
    // ...
    sortColumn: { path:"title", order: "asc" }
  };

  getPagedData() {
    const {
      pageSize,
      currentPage,
      selectedGenre,
      movies: allMovies,
      sortColumn
    } = this.state;

    let filteredMovies =
      selectedGenre && selectedGenre._id
        ? allMovies.filter(m => m.genre._id === selectedGenre._id)
        : allMovies;

    filteredMovies = filteredMovies.sort((movie1, movie2) =>
      movie1[sortColumn.path] > movie2[sortColumn.path]
        ? sortColumn.order === "asc"
          ? 1
          : -1
        : movie2[sortColumn.path] > movie1[sortColumn.path]
        ? sortColumn.order === "asc"
          ? -1
          : 1
        : 0
    );

    const first = (currentPage - 1) * pageSize;
    const last = first + pageSize;
    const pagedMovies = filteredMovies.slice(first, last);

    return { totalCount: filteredMovies.length, data: pagedMovies };
  }

  handleSort = path => {
    console.log("handleSort", path);
    const sortColumn = { ...this.state.sortColumn };
    if (sortColumn.path === path) {
      sortColumn.order = sortColumn.order === "asc" ? "desc" : "asc";
    } else {
      sortColumn.path = path;
      sortColumn.order = "asc";
    }
    this.setState({ sortColumn });
  };

class MoviesTable extends Component {
  raiseSort = path => {
    console.log("raiseSort", path);
    const sortColumn = { ...this.props.sortColumn };
    if (sortColumn.path === path) {
      sortColumn.order = sortColumn.order === "asc" ? "desc" : "asc";
    } else {
      sortColumn.path = path;
      sortColumn.order = "asc";
    }
    this.props.onSort(sortColumn);
  };

<MoviesTable
  movies={movies}
  onDelete={this.handleDelete}
  onLike={this.handleLike}
  onSort={this.handleSort}
  sortColumn={this.state.sortColumn}
/>

    return (
      <table className="table">
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => this.raiseSort("title")}>Title</th>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => this.raiseSort("genre.name")}>Genre</th>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => this.raiseSort("numberInStock")}>Stock</th>
            <th style={{ cursor: "pointer" }} onClick={() => this.raiseSort("dailyRentalRate")}>Rate</th>
            <th />
            <th />
          </tr>
        </thead>

public class Rider
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public EquineBeast Mount { get; set; }
}

public enum EquineBeast
{
    Donkey,
    Mule,
    Horse,
    Unicorn
}

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder
        .Entity<Rider>()
        .Property(e => e.Mount)
        .HasConversion(
            v => v.ToString(),
            v => (EquineBeast)Enum.Parse(typeof(EquineBeast), v));
}

var converter = new ValueConverter<EquineBeast, string>(
    v => v.ToString(),
    v => (EquineBeast)Enum.Parse(typeof(EquineBeast), v));
modelBuilder
    .Entity<Rider>()
    .Property(e => e.Mount)
    .HasConversion(converter);

var converter = new EnumToStringConverter<EquineBeast>();
modelBuilder
    .Entity<Rider>()
    .Property(e => e.Mount)
    .HasConversion(converter);

modelBuilder
    .Entity<Rider>()
    .Property(e => e.Mount)
    .HasConversion<string>();

public class Rider
{
    public int Id { get; set; }

    [Column(TypeName = "nvarchar(24)")]
    public EquineBeast Mount { get; set; }
}

namespace DbConfig.Web.DataLayer.Context
{
    public class MyAppContext : DbContext
    {
      // …

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            var encryptedConverter = new ValueConverter<string, string>(
               convertToProviderExpression: v => new string(v.Reverse().ToArray()), // encrypt
               convertFromProviderExpression: v => new string(v.Reverse().ToArray()) // decrypt
            );

            // Custom application mappings
            builder.Entity<ConfigurationValue>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Value).IsRequired().HasConversion(encryptedConverter);
            });
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace Test
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, Inherited = false, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public sealed class EncryptedAttribute : Attribute
    { }
}

namespace DbConfig.Web.DomainClasses
{
    public class ConfigurationValue
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Key { get; set; }

        [Encrypted]
        public string Value { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace DbConfig.Web.DataLayer.Context
{
    public class MyAppContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            var encryptedConverter = new ValueConverter<string, string>(
               convertToProviderExpression: v => new string(v.Reverse().ToArray()), // encrypt
               convertFromProviderExpression: v => new string(v.Reverse().ToArray()) // decrypt
            );

            foreach (var entityType in builder.Model.GetEntityTypes())
            {
                foreach (var property in entityType.GetProperties())
                {
                    var attributes = property.PropertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(EncryptedAttribute), false);
                    if (attributes.Any())
                    {
                        property.SetValueConverter(encryptedConverter);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

 Executed DbCommand (22ms) 
   [Parameters=[@p1='1', 
                @p0='.tset ot eulav wen A' (Nullable = false) (Size = 4000)],
CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='180']
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [Configurations] SET [Value] = @p0
WHERE [Id] = @p1;
SELECT @@ROWCOUNT;

 db.Set<ConfigurationValue>().Where(x => x.Value.EndsWith("world!"))

SELECT [x].[Id], [x].[Key], [x].[Value]
FROM [Configurations] AS [x]
WHERE RIGHT([x].[Value], LEN(N'world!')) = N'!dlrow'

public class Startup 
{ 
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
    { 
        // ... 
         
        services.AddTransient<ICustomerService, DefaultCustomerService>(); 
         
        // ... 
    } 
}

public class SupportController 
{ 
    // DefaultCustomerService will be injected here: 
    public SupportController(ICustomerService customerService) 
    { 
        // ... 
    } 
}

namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
{
    public static class ServiceCollectionServiceExtensions
    {
        public static IServiceCollection AddScoped<TService>(
     this IServiceCollection services) where TService : class;
        public static IServiceCollection AddScoped(
     this IServiceCollection services, Type serviceType, Type implementationType);
        public static IServiceCollection AddScoped(
     this IServiceCollection services, Type serviceType, 
 Func<IServiceProvider, object> implementationFactory);
        public static IServiceCollection AddScoped<TService, TImplementation>(this IServiceCollection services)
        public static IServiceCollection AddScoped(
     this IServiceCollection services, Type serviceType);
        public static IServiceCollection AddScoped<TService>(
     this IServiceCollection services, 
 Func<IServiceProvider, TService> implementationFactory) where TService : class;
        public static IServiceCollection AddScoped<TService, TImplementation>(
     this IServiceCollection services, 
 Func<IServiceProvider, TImplementation> implementationFactory)
// ...
    }
}

namespace CoreIocServices
{
    public interface IParameterizedService
    {
        string GetConstructorParameter();
    }

    public class ParameterizedService : IParameterizedService
    {
        private readonly string _connectionString;

        public ParameterizedService(string connectionString)
        {
            _connectionString = connectionString;
        }

        public string GetConstructorParameter()
        {
            return _connectionString;
        }
    }
}

services.AddTransient<IParameterizedService, ParameterizedService>();

services.AddTransient<IParameterizedService>(serviceProvider =>
{
   return new ParameterizedService("some value ....");
});

services.AddTransient<IParameterizedService>(serviceProvider => new ParameterizedService("some value ...."));

services.AddTransient<IParameterizedService>(serviceProvider =>
{
   var config = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ITestService>().GetConfigValue();
   return new ParameterizedService(config);
});

services.AddScoped<IUrlHelper>(serviceProvider =>
{
   var actionContext = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IActionContextAccessor>().ActionContext;
   var urlHelperFactory = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IUrlHelperFactory>();
   return urlHelperFactory.GetUrlHelper(actionContext);
});

namespace Services
{
    public class OrderHandler : IOrderHandler
    {
        private readonly IAccounting _accounting;
        private readonly ISales _sales;
        public OrderHandler(IAccounting accounting, ISales sales)
        {

   public class OrderHandlerLazy : IOrderHandler
    {
        public OrderHandlerLazy(Lazy<IAccounting> accounting, Lazy<ISales> sales)
        {

services.AddTransient<IOrderHandler, OrderHandlerLazy>();
services.AddTransient<IAccounting, Accounting>()
            .AddTransient(serviceProvider => new Lazy<IAccounting>(() => serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IAccounting>()));
services.AddTransient<ISales, Sales>()
           .AddTransient(serviceProvider => new Lazy<ISales>(() => serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ISales>()));

services.AddTransient<IMyDisposableService, MyDisposableService>();

public class AnotherController 
{ 
    public AnotherController(MyDisposableService customerService) 
    { 
        // ... 
    } 
}

An unhandled exception occurred while processing the request. 
InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve service for type ‘MyDisposableService’ while attempting to activate ‘AnotherController’. 
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ActivatorUtilities.GetService(IServiceProvider sp, Type type, Type requiredBy, bool isDefaultParameterRequired)

services.AddTransient<IMyDisposableService, MyDisposableService>();
services.AddTransient<MyDisposableService>(serviceProvider =>
serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IMyDisposableService>() as MyDisposableService);

public class NumberedEntity : Entity, IMultiTenantEntity
{
    public string EntityName { get; set; }
    public long NextNumber { get; set; }
    
    public long TenantId { get; set; }
}

public class NumberedEntityConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<NumberedEntity>
{
    public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<NumberedEntity> builder)
    {
        builder.Property(a => a.EntityName).HasMaxLength(256).IsRequired().IsUnicode(false);
        builder.HasIndex(a => a.EntityName).HasName("UIX_NumberedEntity_EntityName").IsUnique();
        builder.ToTable(nameof(NumberedEntity));
    }
}

شاید به نظر، استفاده از این موجودیت ضروریتی نداشته باشد و خیلی راحت می‌توان آخرین شماره ثبت شده‌ی در جدول مورد نظر را واکشی، مقداری را به آن اضافه و به عنوان شماره منحصر به فرد رکورد جدید استفاده کرد؛ با این رویکرد حداقل دو مشکل زیر را خواهیم داشت:

• ایجاد Gap مابین شماره‌های تولید شده، که مدنظر ما نمی‌باشد. (با توجه به اینکه امکان ثبت دستی را هم داریم، ممکن است کاربر شماره‌ای را وارد کرده باشد که با آخرین شماره ثبت شده تعداد زیادی فاصله دارد که به خودی خود مشکل ساز نیست؛ ولی در زمان ثبت رکورد بعدی اگر به صورت خودکار ثبت شماره داشته باشد، قطعا آخرین شماره (بزرگترین) را که به صورت دستی وارد شده بود، از جدول دریافت خواهد کرد)

• مشکلات کارایی برای حل مسائل همزمانی

internal class NumberingPreInsertHook : PreInsertHook<INumberedEntity>
{
    private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
    private readonly IOptions<NumberingConfiguration> _configuration;

    public NumberingPreInsertHook(IUnitOfWork uow, IOptions<NumberingConfiguration> configuration)
    {
        _uow = uow ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(uow));
        _configuration = configuration ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(configuration));
    }

    protected override void Hook(INumberedEntity entity, HookEntityMetadata metadata)
    {
        if (!entity.Number.IsNullOrEmpty()) return;

        bool retry;
        string nextNumber;
        
        do
        {
            nextNumber = GenerateNumber(entity);
            var exists = CheckDuplicateNumber(entity, nextNumber);
            retry = exists;
            
        } while (retry);
        
        entity.Number = nextNumber;
    }

    private bool CheckDuplicateNumber(INumberedEntity entity, string nextNumber)
    {
       //...
    }

    private string GenerateNumber(INumberedEntity entity)
    {
       //...
    }
}

ابتدا بررسی می‌شود اگر پراپرتی Number مقداردهی شده‌است، عملیات مقداردهی خودکار برروی آن انجام نگیرد. سپس با توجه به اینکه ممکن است به صورت دستی قبلا شماره‌ای مانند Task_1000 وارد شده باشد و NextNumber مرتبط هم مقدار 1000 را داشته باشد؛ در این صورت به هنگام ثبت رکورد بعدی، با توجه به Prefix تنظیم شده، دوباره به شماره Task_1000 خواهیم رسید که در این مورد خاص با استفاده از متد CheckDuplicateNumber این قضیه تشخیص داده شده و سعی مجددی برای تولید شماره جدید صورت می‌گیرد.

private string GenerateNumber(INumberedEntity entity)
{
    var option = _configuration.Value.NumberedEntityOptions[entity.GetType()];

    var entityName = $"{entity.GetType().FullName}";

    var lockKey = $"Tenant_{_uow.TenantId}_" + entityName;

    _uow.ObtainApplicationLevelDatabaseLock(lockKey);

    var nextNumber = option.Start.ToString();

    var numberedEntity = _uow.Set<NumberedEntity>().AsNoTracking().FirstOrDefault(a => a.EntityName == entityName);
    if (numberedEntity == null)
    {
        _uow.ExecuteSqlCommand(
            "INSERT INTO [dbo].[NumberedEntity]([EntityName], [NextNumber], [TenantId]) VALUES(@p0,@p1,@p2)", entityName,
            option.Start + option.IncrementBy, _uow.TenantId);
    }
    else
    {
        nextNumber = numberedEntity.NextNumber.ToString();
        _uow.ExecuteSqlCommand("UPDATE [dbo].[NumberedEntity] SET [NextNumber] = @p0 WHERE [Id] = @p1 ",
            numberedEntity.NextNumber + option.IncrementBy, numberedEntity.Id);
    }

    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(option.Prefix))
        nextNumber = option.Prefix + nextNumber;
    
    return nextNumber;
}

public static void ObtainApplicationLevelDatabaseLock(this IUnitOfWork uow, string resource)
{
    uow.ExecuteSqlCommand(@"EXEC sp_getapplock @Resource={0}, @LockOwner={1}, 
                @LockMode={2} , @LockTimeout={3};", resource, "Transaction", "Exclusive", 15000);
}

public class NumberingConfiguration
{
    public bool Enabled { get; set; }

    public IDictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption> NumberedEntityOptions { get; } =
        new Dictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption>();
}

public class NumberedEntityOption
{
    public string Prefix { get; set; }
    public int Start { get; set; } = 1;
    public int IncrementBy { get; set; } = 1;
}

public static void AddNumbering(this IServiceCollection services,
    IDictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption> options)
{
    services.Configure<NumberingConfiguration>(configuration =>
    {
        configuration.Enabled = true;
        configuration.NumberedEntityOptions.AddRange(options);
    });
    
    services.AddTransient<IPreActionHook, NumberingPreInsertHook>();
}

services.AddNumbering(new Dictionary<Type, NumberedEntityOption>
{
    [typeof(Task)] = new NumberedEntityOption
    {
        Prefix = "T_",
        Start = 1000,
        IncrementBy = 5
    }
});

public class Task : TrackableEntity, IAggregateRoot, INumberedEntity
{
    public const int MaxTitleLength = 256;
    public const int MaxDescriptionLength = 1024; 

    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string NormalizedTitle { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public TaskState State { get; set; } = TaskState.Todo; 
    public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }
    public string Number { get; set; }
}