defaultChecks() {
    const author = { firstName: "Vahid", lastName: "N" };
    console.log(author.lastname);
    author.lastName.trimStart();
    author.firstName.charCodeAt("1");
  }

  > npm install -g tslint typescript

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "strictNullChecks": true
    }
}

  getSessionItem(key: string): any {
    const data = window.sessionStorage.getItem(key);
    return JSON.parse(data);
  }

[ts]
Argument of type 'string | null' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
Type 'null' is not assignable to type 'string'.
const data: string | null

  getSessionItem(key: string): any {
    const data = window.sessionStorage.getItem(key);
    if (data) {
      return JSON.parse(data);
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  noImplicitReturns(a: number) {
    if (a > 10) {
      return a;
    }
    // No return in this branch
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noImplicitReturns": true
    }
}

 [ts] Not all code paths return a value.

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "allowUnreachableCode": false
    }
}

    allowUnreachableCode() {
      if (false) {
        console.log("Unreachable code");
      }
      const a = 1;
      if (a > 0) {
        return 10; // reachable code
      }
      return 0;
      console.log("Unreachable code");
    }

  unusedLocals() {
    const a = "foo"; // Error: 'a' is declared but its value is never read
    return "bar";
  }

  unusedParameters(n: number) {
    n = 0; // Never read
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noUnusedLocals": true,
        "noUnusedParameters": true
    }
}

[ts] 'a' is declared but its value is never read.
[ts] 'n' is declared but its value is never read.

  excessPropertyForObjectLiterals() {
    let x: { foo: number };
    x = { foo: 1, baz: 2 };  // Error, excess property 'baz'
    let y: { foo: number, bar?: number };
    y = { foo: 1, baz: 2 };  // Error, excess property 'baz'
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "suppressExcessPropertyErrors": false
    }
}

[ts]
Type '{ foo: number; baz: number; }' is not assignable to type '{ foo: number; }'.
Object literal may only specify known properties, and 'baz' does not exist in type '{ foo: number; }'.
(property) baz: number

  fallthroughCasesInSwitchStatement(a: number) {
    switch (a) {
      case 0:
        break;

      case 1:
        a += 1;

      case 2:
        a += 2;
        break;
    }
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true
    }
}

  indexingObjectsLackingIndexSignatures() {
    const x = { a: 0 };
    x["a"] = 1; // ok
    x["b"] = 1; // Error, type '{ a: number; }' has no index signature.
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": false
    }
}

[ts] Element implicitly has an 'any' type because type '{ a: number; }' has no index signature.

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noImplicitAny": true
    }
}

  noImplicitAny(args) { // Error: Parameter 'args' implicitly has an 'any' type.
    console.log(args);
  }

  noImplicitAnyArgs(args: string[]) { // ok with the type information
    console.log(args);
  }

 PM> install-package OxyPlot.Wpf

<Window x:Class="OxyPlotWpfTests.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:oxy="http://oxyplot.org/wpf"
        xmlns:oxyPlotWpfTests="clr-namespace:OxyPlotWpfTests"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Window.Resources>
        <oxyPlotWpfTests:MainWindowViewModel x:Key="MainWindowViewModel" />
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid DataContext="{Binding Source={StaticResource MainWindowViewModel}}">
        <oxy:PlotView Model="{Binding PlotModel}"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

public class MainWindowViewModel
{
   public PlotModel PlotModel { get; set; } 

        private void createPlotModel()
        {
            PlotModel = new PlotModel
            {
                Title = "سری خطوط",
                Subtitle = "Pan (right click and drag)/Zoom (Middle click and drag)/Reset (double-click)"
            };
            PlotModel.MouseDown += (sender, args) =>
            {
                if (args.ChangedButton == OxyMouseButton.Left && args.ClickCount == 2)
                {
                    foreach (var axis in PlotModel.Axes)
                        axis.Reset();

                    PlotModel.InvalidatePlot(false);
                }
            };
        }

       readonly LinearAxis _xAxis = new LinearAxis();
        private void addXAxis()
        {
            _xAxis.Minimum = 0;
            _xAxis.MaximumPadding = 1;
            _xAxis.MinimumPadding = 1;
            _xAxis.Position = AxisPosition.Bottom;
            _xAxis.Title = "X axis";
            _xAxis.MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid;
            _xAxis.MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot;
            PlotModel.Axes.Add(_xAxis);
        }

        readonly LinearAxis _yAxis = new LinearAxis();
        private void addYAxis()
        {
            _yAxis.Minimum = 0;
            _yAxis.Title = "Y axis";
            _yAxis.MaximumPadding = 1;
            _yAxis.MinimumPadding = 1;
            _yAxis.MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid;
            _yAxis.MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot;
            PlotModel.Axes.Add(_yAxis);
        }

        readonly LineSeries _lineSeries1 = new LineSeries();
        private void addLineSeries1()
        {
            _lineSeries1.MarkerType = MarkerType.Circle;
            _lineSeries1.StrokeThickness = 2;
            _lineSeries1.MarkerSize = 3;
            _lineSeries1.Title = "Start";
            _lineSeries1.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (e.ChangedButton == OxyMouseButton.Left)
                {
                    PlotModel.Subtitle = "Index of nearest point in LineSeries: " + Math.Round(e.HitTestResult.Index);
                    PlotModel.InvalidatePlot(false);
                }
            };
            PlotModel.Series.Add(_lineSeries1);
        }

        readonly LineSeries _lineSeries2 = new LineSeries();
        private void addLineSeries2()
        {
            _lineSeries2.MarkerType = MarkerType.Circle;
            _lineSeries2.Title = "End";
            _lineSeries2.StrokeThickness = 2;
            _lineSeries2.MarkerSize = 3;
            _lineSeries2.MouseDown += (s, e) =>
            {
                if (e.ChangedButton == OxyMouseButton.Left)
                {
                    PlotModel.Subtitle = "Index of nearest point in LineSeries: " + Math.Round(e.HitTestResult.Index);
                    PlotModel.InvalidatePlot(false);
                }
            };
            PlotModel.Series.Add(_lineSeries2);
        }

        private int _xMax;
        private int _yMax;
        private bool _haveNewPoints;
        private void addPoints()
        {
            var timer = new DispatcherTimer {Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)};
            var rnd = new Random();
            var x = 1;
            updateXMax(x);
            timer.Tick += (sender, args) =>
            {
                var y1 = rnd.Next(100);
                updateYMax(y1);
                _lineSeries1.Points.Add(new DataPoint(x, y1));

                var y2 = rnd.Next(100);
                updateYMax(y2);
                _lineSeries2.Points.Add(new DataPoint(x, rnd.Next(y2)));

                x++;

                updateXMax(x);
                _haveNewPoints = true;
            };
            timer.Start();
        }

        private void updateXMax(int value)
        {
            if (value > _xMax)
            {
                _xMax = value;
            }
        }

        private void updateYMax(int value)
        {
            if (value > _yMax)
            {
                _yMax = value;
            }
        }

        private readonly Stopwatch _stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
        private void updatePlot()
        {
            CompositionTarget.Rendering += (sender, args) =>
            {
                if (_stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds > _lastUpdateMilliseconds + 2000 && _haveNewPoints)
                {
                    if (_yMax > 0 && _xMax > 0)
                    {
                        _yAxis.Maximum = _yMax + 3;
                        _xAxis.Maximum = _xMax + 1;
                    }

                    PlotModel.InvalidatePlot(false);

                    _haveNewPoints = false;
                    _lastUpdateMilliseconds = _stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
                }
            };
        }

namespace SameInterfaceDifferentClasses.Services.Contracts
{
  public interface IMessageService
  {
   void Send(string message);
  }
}

public class EmailService : IMessageService
{
  public void Send(string message)
  {
   // ...
  }
}

public class SmsService : IMessageService
{
  public void Send(string message)
  {
   //todo: ...
  }
}

public interface IUsersManagerService
{
  void ValidateUserByEmail(int id);
}

public class UsersManagerService : IUsersManagerService
{
  private readonly IMessageService _emailService;
  private readonly IMessageService _smsService;
 
  public UsersManagerService(IMessageService emailService, IMessageService smsService)
  {
   _emailService = emailService;
   _smsService = smsService;
  }
 
  public void ValidateUserByEmail(int id)
  {
   _emailService.Send("Validated.");
  }
}

ioc.For<IMessageService>().Use<SmsService>();
ioc.For<IMessageService>().Use<EmailService>();

public static class SmObjectFactory
{
  private static readonly Lazy<Container> _containerBuilder =
   new Lazy<Container>(defaultContainer, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);
 
  public static IContainer Container
  {
   get { return _containerBuilder.Value; }
  }
 
  private static Container defaultContainer()
  {
   return new Container(ioc =>
   {
    // map same interface to different concrete classes
    ioc.For<IMessageService>().Use<SmsService>();
    ioc.For<IMessageService>().Use<EmailService>();
 
    ioc.For<IUsersManagerService>().Use<UsersManagerService>()
     .Ctor<IMessageService>("smsService").Is<SmsService>()
     .Ctor<IMessageService>("emailService").Is<EmailService>();
   });
  }
}

 var usersManagerService = SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<IUsersManagerService>();
usersManagerService.ValidateUserByEmail(id: 1);

<location path="Export">
    <system.web>
      <authorization>
        <deny users="?" />
      </authorization>
    </system.web>
  </location>

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
   // ...
   routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;
   // ...
}

using System.IO;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Mvc4RouteExistingFiles.Controllers
{
    public class ExportController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index(string id)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id))
            {
                return Redirect("/");
            }

            var fileName= Path.GetFileName(id);
            var path = Server.MapPath("~/export/"+ fileName);
            return File(path, System.Net.Mime.MediaTypeNames.Application.Octet, fileName);
        }
    }
}

 http://localhost/export/test.pdf

using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace Mvc4RouteExistingFiles
{
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "ExportRoute",
                url: "Export/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Export", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
routes.IgnoreRoute("content/{*pathInfo}");
routes.IgnoreRoute("scripts/{*pathInfo}");
routes.IgnoreRoute("favicon.ico");
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.ico");
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.png");
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.jpg");
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.gif");
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.txt");