همه داده‌ها باید در داخل کلاس خود پنهان شده باشند. (All data should be hidden within its class) 

استفاده کنندگان از کلاس باید به واسط عمومی آن وابسته باشند، اما یک کلاس نباید به استفاده کنندگان خود، وابسته باشد. (Users of a class must be dependent on its public interface, but a class should not be dependent on its users)

تعداد پیغام‌های موجود در قرارداد یک کلاس را کمینه سازید. (Minimize the number of messages in the protocol of a class) 

پیاده سازی یک واسط عمومی یکسان کمینه برای همه کلاس‌ها  (Implement a minimal public interface that all classes understand [e.g., operations such as copy (deep versus shallow), equality testing, pretty printing, parsing from an ASCII description, etc.].) 

جزئیات پیاده سازی، مانند توابع خصوصی common-code  ( توابعی که کد مشترک سایر متدهای کلاس را در بدنه خود دارند) را در واسط عمومی یک کلاس قرار ندهید.  (Do not put implementation details such as common-code private functions into the public interface of a class)

واسط عمومی کلاس را با اقلامی که یا استفاده کنندگان از کلاس توانایی استفاده از آن را نداشته و یا تمایلی به استفاده از آنها ندارند، آمیخته نکنید.  (Do not clutter the public interface of a class with items that users of that class are not able to use or are not interested in using )

اتصال و پیوستگی مابین کلاس‌ها باید از نوع Nil یا Export باشد؛ به این معنی که یک کلاس فقط از واسط عمومی کلاس دیگر استفاده کند یا کاری با آن نداشته باشد. (Classes should only exhibit nil or export coupling with other classes, that is, a class should only use operations in the public interface of another class or have nothing to do with that class.)

یک کلاس باید یک و تنها یک Key Abstraction را تسخیر نماید. (A class should capture one and only one key abstraction) 

داده و رفتار مرتبط را در یک جا (کلاس) نگه دارید. (Keep related data and behavior in one place)

اطلاعات نامرتبط به هم را در کلاس‌های جدا از هم قرار دهید. ((Spin off nonrelated information into another class (i.e., noncommunicating behavior)

مطمئن باشید انتزاع هایی را که مدل می‌کنید کلاس بوده و نه نقش‌هایی که وهله‌های آنها بازی می‌کنند. (Be sure the abstractions that you model are classes and not simply the roles objects play)  

public interface ILogActionService
{
    void Log(string data);
}

public class LogAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
{
    public ILogActionService LogActionService { get; set; }
 
    public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
    {
        LogActionService.Log("......data......");
        base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
    }
}

 [Log]
public ActionResult Index()
{}

using StructureMap;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web.Mvc;
 
namespace DI06.CustomFilters
{
    public class StructureMapFilterProvider : FilterAttributeFilterProvider
    {
        private readonly IContainer _container;
        public StructureMapFilterProvider(IContainer container)
        {
            _container = container;
        }
 
        public override IEnumerable<Filter> GetFilters(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor)
        {
            var filters = base.GetFilters(controllerContext, actionDescriptor);
            foreach (var filter in filters)
            {
                _container.BuildUp(filter.Instance);
                yield return filter;
            }
        }
    }
}

 //Using the custom StructureMapFilterProvider
var filterProvider = FilterProviders.Providers.Single(provider => provider is FilterAttributeFilterProvider);
FilterProviders.Providers.Remove(filterProvider);
FilterProviders.Providers.Add(SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<StructureMapFilterProvider>());

namespace DI06.IocConfig
{
    public static class SmObjectFactory
    {
        private static readonly Lazy<Container> _containerBuilder =
            new Lazy<Container>(defaultContainer, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);
 
        public static IContainer Container
        {
            get { return _containerBuilder.Value; }
        }
 
        private static Container defaultContainer()
        {
            return new Container(x =>
            {
                x.For<ILogActionService>().Use<LogActionService>();
 
                x.Policies.SetAllProperties(y =>
                {
                    y.OfType<ILogActionService>();
                });
            });
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Linq;

namespace EFGeneral
{
    public class BlogComment
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [MaxLength]
        public string Body { set; get; }

        public virtual BlogComment Reply { set; get; }
        public int? ReplyId { get; set; }
        public ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<BlogComment> BlogComments { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            // Self Referencing Entity
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogComment>()
                        .HasOptional(x => x.Reply)
                        .WithMany(x => x.Children)
                        .HasForeignKey(x => x.ReplyId)
                        .WillCascadeOnDelete(false);

            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            var comment1 = new BlogComment { Body = "نظر من این است که" };
            var comment12 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به نظر اول", Reply = comment1 };
            var comment121 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به پاسخ به نظر اول", Reply = comment12 };

            context.BlogComments.Add(comment121);
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());

            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var list = ctx.BlogComments
                          //.where ...
                          .ToList() // fills the childs list too
                          .Where(x => x.Reply == null) // for TreeViewHelper                        
                          .ToList();

                if (list.Any())
                {

                }
            }
        }
    }
}

    public class BlogComment
    {
        // ... 
        public ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

private void AppendChildren(TagBuilder parentTag, T parentItem, Func<T, IEnumerable<T>> childrenProperty)
        {
            var children = childrenProperty(parentItem);
            if (children == null || !children.Any())
            {
                return;
            }
//...

 A suitable constructor for type 'YourType' could not be located. Ensure the type is concrete and services are registered for all parameters of a public constructor.

 Multiple constructors accepting all given argument types have been found in type 'YourType'. There should only be one applicable constructor.

// throws InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve service for type 'System.String'...
public CharactersController(ICharacterRepository characterRepository, string title)
{
    _characterRepository = characterRepository;
    _title = title;
}

// runs without error
public CharactersController(ICharacterRepository characterRepository, string title = "Characters")
{
    _characterRepository = characterRepository;
    _title = title;
}

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Add framework services.
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

    services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

    services.AddMvc();

    // Add application services.
    services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
    services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();
}

services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();

public class CharactersController : Controller
{
    private readonly ICharacterRepository _characterRepository;

    public CharactersController(ICharacterRepository characterRepository)
    {
        _characterRepository = characterRepository;
    }

    // GET: /characters/
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        PopulateCharactersIfNoneExist();
        var characters = _characterRepository.ListAll();

        return View(characters);
    }

    private void PopulateCharactersIfNoneExist()
    {
        if (!_characterRepository.ListAll().Any())
        {
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Darth Maul"));
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Darth Vader"));
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Yoda"));
            _characterRepository.Add(new Character("Mace Windu"));
        }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Models;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces
{
    public interface ICharacterRepository
    {
        IEnumerable<Character> ListAll();
        void Add(Character character);
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Models
{
    public class CharacterRepository : ICharacterRepository
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;

        public CharacterRepository(ApplicationDbContext dbContext)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Character> ListAll()
        {
            return _dbContext.Characters.AsEnumerable();
        }

        public void Add(Character character)
        {
            _dbContext.Characters.Add(character);
            _dbContext.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseInMemoryDatabase()
    );

    // Add framework services.
    services.AddMvc();

    // Register application services.
    services.AddScoped<ICharacterRepository, CharacterRepository>();
    services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>();
    services.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>();
    services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
    services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingletonInstance>(new Operation(Guid.Empty));
    services.AddTransient<OperationService, OperationService>();
}

using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces
{
    public interface IOperation
    {
        Guid OperationId { get; }
    }

    public interface IOperationTransient : IOperation
    {
    }
    public interface IOperationScoped : IOperation
    {
    }
    public interface IOperationSingleton : IOperation
    {
    }
    public interface IOperationSingletonInstance : IOperation
    {
    }
}

services.AddScoped<ICharacterRepository, CharacterRepository>();
services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>();
services.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingletonInstance>(new Operation(Guid.Empty));
services.AddTransient<OperationService, OperationService>();

using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Services
{
    public class OperationService
    {
        public IOperationTransient TransientOperation { get; }
        public IOperationScoped ScopedOperation { get; }
        public IOperationSingleton SingletonOperation { get; }
        public IOperationSingletonInstance SingletonInstanceOperation { get; }

        public OperationService(IOperationTransient transientOperation,
            IOperationScoped scopedOperation,
            IOperationSingleton singletonOperation,
            IOperationSingletonInstance instanceOperation)
        {
            TransientOperation = transientOperation;
            ScopedOperation = scopedOperation;
            SingletonOperation = singletonOperation;
            SingletonInstanceOperation = instanceOperation;
        }
    }
}

using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Controllers
{
    public class OperationsController : Controller
    {
        private readonly OperationService _operationService;
        private readonly IOperationTransient _transientOperation;
        private readonly IOperationScoped _scopedOperation;
        private readonly IOperationSingleton _singletonOperation;
        private readonly IOperationSingletonInstance _singletonInstanceOperation;

        public OperationsController(OperationService operationService,
            IOperationTransient transientOperation,
            IOperationScoped scopedOperation,
            IOperationSingleton singletonOperation,
            IOperationSingletonInstance singletonInstanceOperation)
        {
            _operationService = operationService;
            _transientOperation = transientOperation;
            _scopedOperation = scopedOperation;
            _singletonOperation = singletonOperation;
            _singletonInstanceOperation = singletonInstanceOperation;
        }

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            // viewbag contains controller-requested services
            ViewBag.Transient = _transientOperation;
            ViewBag.Scoped = _scopedOperation;
            ViewBag.Singleton = _singletonOperation;
            ViewBag.SingletonInstance = _singletonInstanceOperation;

            // operation service has its own requested services
            ViewBag.Service = _operationService;
            return View();
        }
    }
}

// Services implement IDisposable:
public class Service1 : IDisposable {}
public class Service2 : IDisposable {}
public class Service3 : IDisposable {}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // container will create the instance(s) of these types and will dispose them
    services.AddScoped<Service1>();
    services.AddSingleton<Service2>();

    // container did not create instance so it will NOT dispose it
    services.AddSingleton<Service3>(new Service3());
    services.AddSingleton(new Service3());
}

Autofac
Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection

public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc();
    // Add other framework services

    // Add Autofac
    var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder();
    containerBuilder.RegisterModule<DefaultModule>();
    containerBuilder.Populate(services);
    var container = containerBuilder.Build();
    return new AutofacServiceProvider(container);
}

public interface IEfExceptionsLogger
{
    void LogException<TResult>(DbCommand command,
        DbCommandInterceptionContext<TResult> interceptionContext);
}

using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception;
 
namespace ElmahEFLogger
{
    public class EfExceptionsInterceptor : IDbCommandInterceptor
    {
        private readonly IEfExceptionsLogger _efExceptionsLogger;
 
        public EfExceptionsInterceptor(IEfExceptionsLogger efExceptionsLogger)
        {
            _efExceptionsLogger = efExceptionsLogger;
        }
 
        public void NonQueryExecuted(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<int> interceptionContext)
        {
            _efExceptionsLogger.LogException(command, interceptionContext);
        }
 
        public void NonQueryExecuting(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<int> interceptionContext)
        {
            _efExceptionsLogger.LogException(command, interceptionContext);
        }
 
        public void ReaderExecuted(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<DbDataReader> interceptionContext)
        {
            _efExceptionsLogger.LogException(command, interceptionContext);
        }
 
        public void ReaderExecuting(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<DbDataReader> interceptionContext)
        {
            _efExceptionsLogger.LogException(command, interceptionContext);
        }
 
        public void ScalarExecuted(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<object> interceptionContext)
        {
            _efExceptionsLogger.LogException(command, interceptionContext);
        }
 
        public void ScalarExecuting(DbCommand command, DbCommandInterceptionContext<object> interceptionContext)
        {
            _efExceptionsLogger.LogException(command, interceptionContext);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception;
using Elmah;
 
namespace ElmahEFLogger.CustomElmahLogger
{
    public class ElmahEfExceptionsLogger : IEfExceptionsLogger
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Manually log errors using ELMAH
        /// </summary>
        public void LogException<TResult>(DbCommand command,
            DbCommandInterceptionContext<TResult> interceptionContext)
        {
            var ex = interceptionContext.OriginalException;
            if (ex == null)
                return;
 
            var sqlData = CommandDumper.LogSqlAndParameters(command, interceptionContext);
            var contextualMessage = string.Format("{0}{1}OriginalException:{1}{2} {1}", sqlData, Environment.NewLine, ex);
 
 
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(contextualMessage))
            {
                ex = new Exception(contextualMessage, new ElmahEfInterceptorException(ex.Message));
            }
 
            try
            {
                ErrorSignal.FromCurrentContext().Raise(ex);
            }
            catch
            {
                ErrorLog.GetDefault(null).Log(new Error(ex));
            }
        }
    }
}

   public class ElmahEfInterceptor : EfExceptionsInterceptor
    {
        public ElmahEfInterceptor()
            : base(new ElmahEfExceptionsLogger())
        { }
    }

 DbInterception.Add(new ElmahEfInterceptor());

<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="../../media/js/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="../../media/js/jquery.dataTables.js"></script>

<style type="text/css" title="currentStyle">
    @import "../../media/css/demo_page.css";
    @import "../../media/css/demo_table.css";
</style>

$(document).ready(function() {
    $('#example').dataTable();
} );