public class IdentityErrorDescriber
    {
        public virtual IdentityError DefaultError()
        {
            return new IdentityError
            {
                Code = nameof(DefaultError),
                Description = Resources.DefaultError
            };
        }

    public class CustomIdentityErrorDescriber : IdentityErrorDescriber
    {
        public override IdentityError DefaultError()
        {
            return new IdentityError
            {
                Code = nameof(DefaultError),
                Description = "خطایی رخ داده‌است."
            };
        }

services.AddScoped<IdentityErrorDescriber, CustomIdentityErrorDescriber>();

services.AddIdentity<User, Role>(identityOptions =>
            {
            }).AddUserStore<ApplicationUserStore>()
               // the rest of the setting …
              .AddErrorDescriber<CustomIdentityErrorDescriber>()
               // the rest of the setting …

    public class PasswordValidator<TUser> : IPasswordValidator<TUser> where TUser : class
    {
        public PasswordValidator(IdentityErrorDescriber errors = null)
        {
            Describer = errors ?? new IdentityErrorDescriber();
        }

    public class CustomPasswordValidator : PasswordValidator<User>
    {
        private readonly IUsedPasswordsService _usedPasswordsService;
        private readonly ISet<string> _passwordsBanList;

        public CustomPasswordValidator(
            IdentityErrorDescriber errors,// How to use CustomIdentityErrorDescriber
            IOptionsSnapshot<SiteSettings> configurationRoot,
            IUsedPasswordsService usedPasswordsService) : base(errors)



    public class CustomUserValidator : UserValidator<User>
    {
        private readonly ISet<string> _emailsBanList;

        public CustomUserValidator(
            IdentityErrorDescriber errors,// How to use CustomIdentityErrorDescriber
            IOptionsSnapshot<SiteSettings> configurationRoot
            ) : base(errors)

static void firstCompilation()
{
    var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText("class Foo { void Bar(int x) {} }");
 
    var mscorlibReference = MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof (object).Assembly.Location);
 
    var compilationOptions = new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary);
 
    var comp = CSharpCompilation.Create("Demo")
                                .AddSyntaxTrees(tree)
                                .AddReferences(mscorlibReference)
                                .WithOptions(compilationOptions);
 
    var res = comp.Emit("Demo.dll");
 
    if (!res.Success)
    {
        foreach (var diagnostic in res.Diagnostics)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(diagnostic.GetMessage());
        }
    }
}

        static void semanticQuestions()
        {
            var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(@"
using System;
 
class Foo
{
    public static explicit operator DateTime(Foo f)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
 
    void Bar(int x)
    {
    }
}");
 
            var mscorlib = MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof (object).Assembly.Location);
            var options = new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary);
            var comp = CSharpCompilation.Create("Demo").AddSyntaxTrees(tree).AddReferences(mscorlib).WithOptions(options);
            // var res = comp.Emit("Demo.dll");
 
            // boxing
            var conv1 = comp.ClassifyConversion(
                comp.GetSpecialType(SpecialType.System_Int32),
                comp.GetSpecialType(SpecialType.System_Object)
                );
 
            // unboxing
            var conv2 = comp.ClassifyConversion(
                comp.GetSpecialType(SpecialType.System_Object),
                comp.GetSpecialType(SpecialType.System_Int32)
                );
 
            // explicit reference conversion
            var conv3 = comp.ClassifyConversion(
                comp.GetSpecialType(SpecialType.System_Object),
                comp.GetTypeByMetadataName("Foo")
                );
 
            // explicit user-supplied conversion
            var conv4 = comp.ClassifyConversion(
                comp.GetTypeByMetadataName("Foo"),
                comp.GetSpecialType(SpecialType.System_DateTime)
                );
        }

{
    "dependencies": {
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.SqlServer": "1.1.0"
    },
    "tools": {
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.SqlConfig.Tools": "1.1.0-preview4-final"
    }
}

 dotnet sql-cache create "Data Source=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=sql_cache;Integrated Security=True;" "dbo" "AppSqlCache"

CREATE TABLE AppSqlCache (
    Id                         NVARCHAR (449)  COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS NOT NULL,
    Value                      VARBINARY (MAX) NOT NULL,
    ExpiresAtTime              DATETIMEOFFSET  NOT NULL,
    SlidingExpirationInSeconds BIGINT          NULL,
    AbsoluteExpiration         DATETIMEOFFSET  NULL,
    CONSTRAINT pk_Id PRIMARY KEY (Id)
);

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX Index_ExpiresAtTime
    ON AppSqlCache(ExpiresAtTime);

    public class AppSqlCache
    {
        public string Id { get; set; }
        public byte[] Value { get; set; }
        public DateTimeOffset ExpiresAtTime { get; set; }
        public long? SlidingExpirationInSeconds { get; set; }
        public DateTimeOffset? AbsoluteExpiration { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        public virtual DbSet<AppSqlCache> AppSqlCache { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<AppSqlCache>(entity =>
            {
                entity.ToTable(name: "AppSqlCache", schema: "dbo");
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.ExpiresAtTime).HasName("Index_ExpiresAtTime");
                entity.Property(e => e.Id).HasMaxLength(449);
                entity.Property(e => e.Value).IsRequired();
            });
        }
    }

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDistributedSqlServerCache(options =>
    {
        options.ConnectionString = @"Data Source=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=sql_cache;Integrated Security=True;";
        options.SchemaName = "dbo";
        options.TableName = "AppSqlCache";
    });

public IActionResult Index()
{
   HttpContext.Session.SetString("User", "VahidN");
   return Json(true);
}

public IActionResult About()
{
   var userContent = HttpContext.Session.GetString("User");
   return Json(userContent);
}

 services.Add(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton<IDistributedCache, SqlServerCache>());

using System;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Distributed;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
    public class CacheTestController : Controller
    {
        readonly IDistributedCache _cache;
        public CacheTestController(IDistributedCache cache)
        {
            _cache = cache;
        }
 
        public IActionResult SetCacheData()
        {
            var time = DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime().ToString();
            var cacheOptions = new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpiration = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1)
 
            };
            _cache.Set("Time", Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(time), cacheOptions);
            return View();
        }
 
        public IActionResult GetCacheData()
        {
            var time = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_cache.Get("Time"));
            ViewBag.data = time;
            return View();
        }
 
        public bool RemoveCacheData()
        {
            _cache.Remove("Time");
            return true;
        }
    }
}

  Value  VARBINARY (MAX) NOT NULL,

  public byte[] Value { get; set; }

<distributed-cache name="MyCacheItem2" expires-sliding="TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30)">
    <p>From distributed-cache</p>
    @DateTime.Now.ToString()
</distributed-cache>

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public abstract class BaseEntity
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string CreatedBy { set; get; }
    }

    public class User : BaseEntity
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            var asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
            loadEntities(asm, modelBuilder, "MyNamespace");
        }

        void loadEntities(Assembly asm, DbModelBuilder modelBuilder, string nameSpace)
        {
            var entityTypes = asm.GetTypes()
                                    .Where(type => type.BaseType != null &&
                                           type.Namespace == nameSpace &&
                                           type.BaseType.IsAbstract &&
                                           type.BaseType == typeof(BaseEntity))
                                    .ToList();

            var entityMethod = typeof(DbModelBuilder).GetMethod("Entity");
            entityTypes.ForEach(type =>
            {
                entityMethod.MakeGenericMethod(type).Invoke(modelBuilder, new object[] { });
            });
        }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            context.Set<User>().Add(new User { Name = "name-1" });
            context.Set<User>().Add(new User { Name = "name-2" });
            context.Set<User>().Add(new User { Name = "name-3" });
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                var user1 = context.Set<User>().Find(1);
                if (user1 != null)
                    Console.WriteLine(user1.Name);
            }
        }
    }
}

    //Stateful
    public class UserProfile
    {
        private User _user;
        private string _address;

        public void UpdateUser(int userId, string name)
        {
            _user = new User(userId, name);
        }
    }

    //Stateless
    public class User
    {
        public User(int id, string name)
        {
            Id = id;
            Name = name;
        }

        public int Id { get; }
        public string Name { get; }
    }

    public class UserProfile
    {
        private readonly User _user;
        private readonly string _address;

        public UserProfile(User user,string address)
        {
            _user = user;
            _address = address;
        }
        public UserProfile UpdateUser(int userId, string name)
        {
            var newUser = new User(userId, name);
            return  new UserProfile(newUser,_address);
        }
    }

    public class User
    {
        public User(int id, string name)
        {
            Id = id;
            Name = name;
        }

        public int Id { get; }
        public string Name { get; }
    }

//Create Immutable List
ImmutableList<string> list = ImmutableList.Create<string>();
ImmutableList<string> list2 = list.Add("Salam");

//Builder
ImmutableList<string>.Builder builder = ImmutableList.CreateBuilder<string>();
builder.Add("avali");
builder.Add("dovomi");
builder.Add("sevomi");

ImmutableList<string> immutableList = builder.ToImmutable();

چطور با side effect کنار بیایم؟ 

یکی از الگوهای رایج برای این کار، مفهوم جدا سازی Command/Query است. به طور ساده تمامی عملیاتی را که تاثیر گذار هستند، به صورت Command در نظر میگیریم. Command ‌ها معمولا هیچ نوعی را بازگشت نمیدهند و همینطور بر عکس این قضیه برای Query ‌ها صادق است. اشتباه رایج درباره این الگو، محدود کردن این الگو به معماری‌های خاصی مانند Domain Driven می‌باشد؛ در صورتیکه الزامی برای رعایت این الگو در سایر معماری‌ها وجود ندارد. 

به مثال زیر دقت کنید. سعی کردم قسمت‌های Command و Query را از هم جدا کنم: 

در واقع هر برنامه می‌تواند شامل دو قسمت باشد:

قسمتی که در آن منطق تجاری برنامه پیاده سازی می‌شود و باید به صورت Immutable باشد که یک خروجی را تولید میکند و قسمت دیگر برنامه که خروجی تولید شده را برای ذخیره سازی وضعیت سیستم استفاده می‌کند. 

برای مسائلی که در بالا صحبت شد، نمونه‌‌ای را آماده کرده‌ام. این نمونه به طور ساده یک سیستم مدیریت نوبت است که نوبت‌ها را در فایلی ذخیره و بازیابی میکند ( mutate ) و منطق مربوط به نوبت‌ها و زمان ویزیت آن میتواند به صورت immutable پیاده سازی شود. این کد در دو حالت functional و غیر functional پیاده سازی شده تا به خوبی تفاوت آن را در حالت قبل و بعد از برنامه نویسی تابعی بتوانیم درک کنیم. به جهت خوانایی بیشتر و دسترسی به کد‌ها، آن‌ها را روی گیت‌هاب قرار داده و شما میتوانید از اینجا سورس کد مورد نظر را بررسی کنید. سعی شده در این مثال تمامی مواردی که در این قسمت ذکر شد را پیاده سازی کنیم. امیدوارم که مطالب مربوط به برنامه نویسی تابعی یا functional programming توانسته باشد دیدگاه جدیدی را به کدهایی که مینویسیم بدهد. در  قسمت‌های بعدی به مواردی مانند مدیریت exception ‌ها و کار با null ‌ها و ... خواهیم پرداخت.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.html;
using iTextSharp.text.html.simpleparser;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace CustomHtmlWorkerTag
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Our custom HTML Tag to add an IElement.
    /// </summary>
    public class CustomImageHTMLTagProcessor : IHTMLTagProcessor
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Tells the HTMLWorker what to do when a close tag is encountered.
        /// </summary>
        public void EndElement(HTMLWorker worker, string tag)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tells the HTMLWorker what to do when an open tag is encountered.
        /// </summary>
        public void StartElement(HTMLWorker worker, string tag, IDictionary<string, string> attrs)
        {
            Image image;
            var src = attrs["src"];

            if (src.StartsWith("data:image/"))
            {
                // data:[<MIME-type>][;charset=<encoding>][;base64],<data>
                var base64Data = src.Substring(src.IndexOf(",") + 1);
                var imagedata = Convert.FromBase64String(base64Data);
                image = Image.GetInstance(imagedata);
            }
            else
            {
                image = Image.GetInstance(src);
            }

            worker.UpdateChain(tag, attrs);
            worker.ProcessImage(image, attrs);
            worker.UpdateChain(tag);
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
            {
                PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
                pdfDoc.Open();

                FontFactory.Register("c:\\windows\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf");

                var tags = new HTMLTagProcessors();
                // Replace the built-in image processor
                tags[HtmlTags.IMG] = new CustomImageHTMLTagProcessor();

                var html = "<img alt='' src='data:image/png;base64,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' />";

                var styles = new StyleSheet();
                styles.LoadTagStyle(HtmlTags.BODY, HtmlTags.FONTFAMILY, "tahoma");
                styles.LoadTagStyle(HtmlTags.BODY, HtmlTags.ENCODING, "Identity-H");

                PdfPCell pdfCell = new PdfPCell { Border = 0 };
                pdfCell.RunDirection = PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_LTR;

                using (var reader = new StringReader(html))
                {
                    var parsedHtmlElements = HTMLWorker.ParseToList(reader, styles, tags, null);

                    foreach (var htmlElement in parsedHtmlElements)
                    {
                        pdfCell.AddElement(htmlElement);
                    }
                }

                var table1 = new PdfPTable(1);
                table1.AddCell(pdfCell);
                pdfDoc.Add(table1);
            }

            Process.Start("Test.pdf");
        }
    }
}

var tags = new HTMLTagProcessors();
// Replace the built-in image processor
tags[HtmlTags.IMG] = new CustomImageHTMLTagProcessor();

HTMLWorker.ParseToList(reader, styles, tags, null)

 >ng g m UploadFile -m app.module --routing

 >ng g c UploadFile/UploadFileSimple

 >ng g cl UploadFile/Ticket

export class Ticket {
  constructor(public description: string = "") {}
}

import { Ticket } from "./../ticket";

export class UploadFileSimpleComponent implements OnInit {
  model = new Ticket();

<div class="container">
  <h3>Support Form</h3>
  <form #form="ngForm" (submit)="submitForm(form)" novalidate>
    <div class="form-group" [class.has-error]="description.invalid && description.touched">
      <label class="control-label">Description</label>
      <input #description="ngModel" required type="text" class="form-control"
        name="description" [(ngModel)]="model.description">
      <div *ngIf="description.invalid && description.touched">
        <div class="alert alert-danger"  *ngIf="description.errors.required">
          description is required.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label class="control-label">Screenshot(s)</label>
      <input #screenshotInput required type="file" multiple (change)="fileChange($event)"
        class="form-control" name="screenshot">
    </div>

    <button class="btn btn-primary" [disabled]="form.invalid" type="submit">Ok</button>
  </form>
</div>

 (change)="fileChange($event)"

fileChange(event) {
    const filesList: FileList = event.target.files;
    console.log("fileChange() -> filesList", filesList);
}

 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft VS Code\resources\app\extensions\node_modules\typescript\lib\lib.dom.d.ts

{
    "lib": [
      "es2016",
      "dom"
    ]
  }
}

import { Component, OnInit, ViewChild, ElementRef } from "@angular/core";

export class UploadFileSimpleComponent implements OnInit {
  @ViewChild("screenshotInput") screenshotInput: ElementRef;

  submitForm(form: NgForm) {
    const fileInput: HTMLInputElement = this.screenshotInput.nativeElement;
    console.log("fileInput.files", fileInput.files);
  }

 >ng g s UploadFile/UploadFileSimple -m upload-file.module

import { Http, RequestOptions, Response, Headers } from "@angular/http";
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";
import "rxjs/add/operator/do";
import "rxjs/add/operator/catch";
import "rxjs/add/observable/throw";
import "rxjs/add/operator/map";
import "rxjs/add/observable/of";

import { Ticket } from "./ticket";

@Injectable()
export class UploadFileSimpleService {
  private baseUrl = "api/SimpleUpload";

  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  private extractData(res: Response) {
    const body = res.json();
    return body || {};
  }

  private handleError(error: Response): Observable<any> {
    console.error("observable error: ", error);
    return Observable.throw(error.statusText);
  }

  postTicket(ticket: Ticket, filesList: FileList): Observable<any> {
    if (!filesList || filesList.length === 0) {
      return Observable.throw("Please select a file.");
    }

    const formData: FormData = new FormData();

    for (const key in ticket) {
      if (ticket.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
        formData.append(key, ticket[key]);
      }
    }

    for (let i = 0; i < filesList.length; i++) {
      formData.append(filesList[i].name, filesList[i]);
    }

    const headers = new Headers();
    headers.append("Accept", "application/json");
    const options = new RequestOptions({ headers: headers });

    return this.http
      .post(`${this.baseUrl}/SaveTicket`, formData, options)
      .map(this.extractData)
      .catch(this.handleError);
  }
}

  postTicket(ticket: Ticket, filesList: FileList): Observable<any> {
    const formData: FormData = new FormData();

    for (const key in ticket) {
      if (ticket.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
        formData.append(key, ticket[key]);
      }
    }

    for (let i = 0; i < filesList.length; i++) {
      formData.append(filesList[i].name, filesList[i]);
    }

    const headers = new Headers();
    headers.append("Accept", "application/json");
    const options = new RequestOptions({ headers: headers });

    return this.http
      .post(`${this.baseUrl}/SaveTicket`, formData, options)
      .map(this.extractData)
      .catch(this.handleError);

import { UploadFileSimpleService } from "./../upload-file-simple.service";

export class UploadFileSimpleComponent implements OnInit {
  constructor(private uploadService: UploadFileSimpleService  ) {}

  submitForm(form: NgForm) {
    const fileInput: HTMLInputElement = this.screenshotInput.nativeElement;
    console.log("fileInput.files", fileInput.files);

    this.uploadService
      .postTicket(this.model, fileInput.files)
      .subscribe(data => {
        console.log("success: ", data);
      });
  }

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Models
{
    public class Ticket
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Description { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class SimpleUploadController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IHostingEnvironment _environment;
        public SimpleUploadController(IHostingEnvironment environment)
        {
            _environment = environment;
        }

        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> SaveTicket(Ticket ticket)
        {
            //TODO: save the ticket ... get id
            ticket.Id = 1001;

            var uploadsRootFolder = Path.Combine(_environment.WebRootPath, "uploads");
            if (!Directory.Exists(uploadsRootFolder))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(uploadsRootFolder);
            }

            var files = Request.Form.Files;
            foreach (var file in files)
            {
                //TODO: do security checks ...!

                if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                var filePath = Path.Combine(uploadsRootFolder, file.FileName);
                using (var fileStream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
                {
                    await file.CopyToAsync(fileStream).ConfigureAwait(false);
                }
            }

            return Created("", ticket);
        }
    }
}

 SaveTicket(Ticket ticket)

 formData.append(filesList[i].name, filesList[i]);

var files = Request.Form.Files;
foreach (var file in files)