1. Databases are typically used to store persistent data that needs to exist approximately forever. Programs typically only store data temporarily, until it is restarted. 

2. Hash tables provide constant time O(1) access for single values, while trees provide logarithmic time O(log n) access. 

Identify the different types of hashes used to encrypt data and especially passwords.
hashID is a tool written in Python 3 which supports the identification of over 220 unique hash types using regular expressions. A detailed list of supported hashes can be found here.

$ ./hashid.py '$P$8ohUJ.1sdFw09/bMaAQPTGDNi2BIUt1'
Analyzing '$P$8ohUJ.1sdFw09/bMaAQPTGDNi2BIUt1'
[+] Wordpress ≥ v2.6.2
[+] Joomla ≥ v2.5.18
[+] PHPass' Portable Hash

$ ./hashid.py -mj '$racf$*AAAAAAAA*3c44ee7f409c9a9b'
Analyzing '$racf$*AAAAAAAA*3c44ee7f409c9a9b'
[+] RACF [Hashcat Mode: 8500][JtR Format: racf]