namespace Refactoring.Day10.DesignByContract.Before
{
    public class MathMehods
    {
        public double Divide(int dividend, int divisor)
        {
            return dividend / divisor;
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace Refactoring.Day10.DesignByContract.After
{
    public class MathMehods
    {
        public double Divide(int dividend, int divisor)
        {
            if (divisor == 0)
                throw new ArgumentException("divisor cannot be zero", "divisor");

            return dividend / divisor;
        }
    }
}

using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;

namespace Refactoring.Day10.DesignByContract.After
{
    public class MathMehods
    {
        public double Divide(int dividend, int divisor)
        {
            Contract.Requires(divisor != 0, "divisor cannot be zero");

            return dividend / divisor;
        }
    }
}

• Code Contracts in C#
• Code Contracts in .NET 4
• Introduction to Code Contracts

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{    
   services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

    public class TestDBController : Controller
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _ctx;

        public TestDBController(ApplicationDbContext ctx)
        {
            _ctx = ctx;
        }

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            var name = _ctx.Persons.First().FirstName;
            return Json(new { firstName = name });
        }
    }

 public class ApplicationDbContext :  IUnitOfWork

public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable
{
    DbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;
 
    void AddRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class;
    void RemoveRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class;
 
    EntityEntry<TEntity> Entry<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class;
    void MarkAsChanged<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class;
 
    void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query);
    void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query, params object[] parameters);
 
    int SaveAllChanges();
    Task<int> SaveAllChangesAsync();
}

 public abstract class DbSet<TEntity> : IQueryable<TEntity>, IEnumerable<TEntity>, IEnumerable, IQueryable, IAsyncEnumerableAccessor<TEntity>, IInfrastructure<IServiceProvider> where TEntity : class

public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
{
    private readonly IConfigurationRoot _configuration;
 
    public ApplicationDbContext(IConfigurationRoot configuration)
    {
        _configuration = configuration;
    }
 
    //public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options) : base(options)
    //{
    //}
 
    public virtual DbSet<Blog> Blog { get; set; }

 
    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
    {
        optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(
            _configuration["ConnectionStrings:ApplicationDbContextConnection"]
            , serverDbContextOptionsBuilder =>
             {
                 var minutes = (int)TimeSpan.FromMinutes(3).TotalSeconds;
                 serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.CommandTimeout(minutes);
             }
            );
    }
 
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
 
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    }
 
    public void AddRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class
    {
        base.Set<TEntity>().AddRange(entities);
    }
 
    public void RemoveRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class
    {
        base.Set<TEntity>().RemoveRange(entities);
    }
 
    public void MarkAsChanged<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class
    {
        base.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Modified; // Or use ---> this.Update(entity);
    }
 
    public void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query)
    {
        base.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(query);
    }
 
    public void ExecuteSqlCommand(string query, params object[] parameters)
    {
        base.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(query, parameters);
    }
 
    public int SaveAllChanges()
    {
        return base.SaveChanges();
    }
 
    public Task<int> SaveAllChangesAsync()
    {
        return base.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
}

 public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork

 public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
  services.AddSingleton<IConfigurationRoot>(provider => { return Configuration; });
  services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);
  services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, ApplicationDbContext>();

{
  "version": "1.0.0-*",
 
    "dependencies": {
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.DataLayer": "1.0.0-*",
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.Entities": "1.0.0-*",
        "Core1RtmEmptyTest.ViewModels": "1.0.0-*",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions": "1.0.0",
        "Microsoft.Extensions.Options": "1.0.0",
        "NETStandard.Library": "1.6.0"
    },
 
  "frameworks": {
    "netstandard1.6": {
      "imports": "dnxcore50"
    }
  }
}

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Services
{
    public interface IBlogService
    {
        IReadOnlyList<Blog> GetPagedBlogsAsNoTracking(int pageNumber, int recordsPerPage);
    }
 
    public class BlogService : IBlogService
    {
        private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
        private readonly DbSet<Blog> _blogs;
 
        public BlogService(IUnitOfWork uow)
        {
            _uow = uow;
            _blogs = _uow.Set<Blog>();
        }
 
        public IReadOnlyList<Blog> GetPagedBlogsAsNoTracking(int pageNumber, int recordsPerPage)
        {
            var skipRecords = pageNumber * recordsPerPage;
            return _blogs
                        .AsNoTracking()
                        .Skip(skipRecords)
                        .Take(recordsPerPage)
                        .ToList();
        }
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
  services.AddSingleton<IConfigurationRoot>(provider => { return Configuration; });
  services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(ServiceLifetime.Scoped);
  services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, ApplicationDbContext>();
  services.AddScoped<IBlogService, BlogService>();

public class TestDBController : Controller
{
    private readonly IBlogService _blogService;
    private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
 
    public TestDBController(IBlogService blogService, IUnitOfWork uow)
    {
        _blogService = blogService;
        _uow = uow;
    }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class Table
    {
        public Header Header { set; get; }
        public IList<Cell> Cells { set; get; }
        public float Width { set; get; }
    }

    public class Header
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public DateTime Date { set; get; }
        public IList<Cell> Cells { set; get; }
    }

    public class Cell
    {
        public string Caption { set; get; }
        public float Width { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class TableApi
    {
        public Table CreateTable(Action<TableCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new TableCreator();
            action(creator);
            return creator.TheTable;
        }
    }

    public class TableCreator
    {
        readonly Table _theTable = new Table();
        internal Table TheTable
        {
            get { return _theTable; }
        }

        public void Width(float value)
        {
            _theTable.Width = value;
        }

        public void AddHeader(Action<HeaderCreator> action)
        {
            _theTable.Header = ...
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            _theTable.Cells = ...
        }        
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class CellsCreator
    {
        readonly IList<Cell> _cells = new List<Cell>();
        internal IList<Cell> Cells
        {
            get { return _cells; }
        }

        public void AddCell(string caption, float width)
        {
            _cells.Add(new Cell { Caption = caption, Width = width });
        }
    }

    public class HeaderCreator
    {
        readonly Header _header = new Header();
        internal Header Header
        {
            get { return _header; }
        }

        public void Title(string title)
        {
            _header.Title = title;
        }

        public void Date(DateTime value)
        {
            _header.Date = value;
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new CellsCreator();
            action(creator);
            _header.Cells = creator.Cells;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Test
{
    public class TableCreator
    {
        readonly Table _theTable = new Table();
        internal Table TheTable
        {
            get { return _theTable; }
        }

        public void Width(float value)
        {
            _theTable.Width = value;
        }

        public void AddHeader(Action<HeaderCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new HeaderCreator();
            action(creator);
            _theTable.Header = creator.Header;
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new CellsCreator();
            action(creator);
            _theTable.Cells = creator.Cells;
        }
    }

    public class CellsCreator
    {
        readonly IList<Cell> _cells = new List<Cell>();
        internal IList<Cell> Cells
        {
            get { return _cells; }
        }

        public void AddCell(string caption, float width)
        {
            _cells.Add(new Cell { Caption = caption, Width = width });
        }
    }

    public class HeaderCreator
    {
        readonly Header _header = new Header();
        internal Header Header
        {
            get { return _header; }
        }

        public void Title(string title)
        {
            _header.Title = title;
        }

        public void Date(DateTime value)
        {
            _header.Date = value;
        }

        public void AddCells(Action<CellsCreator> action)
        {
            var creator = new CellsCreator();
            action(creator);
            _header.Cells = creator.Cells;
        }
    }
}

var data = new TableApi().CreateTable(table =>
            {
                table.Width(1);
                table.AddHeader(header=>
                {
                    header.Title("new rpt");
                    header.Date(DateTime.Now);
                    header.AddCells(cells=>
                    {
                        cells.AddCell("cell 1", 1);
                        cells.AddCell("cell 2", 2);
                    });
                });
                table.AddCells(tableCells=>
                {
                    tableCells.AddCell("c 1", 1);
                    tableCells.AddCell("c 2", 2);
                });
            });

1. خصیصه‌های ثابت: یعنی همه کاراکترهای A دارای یک شکل مشخص هستند. در واقع مشخصات ذاتی آبجکت می‌باشند.
   
2. خصیصه‌های پویا: یعنی هر کاراکتر دارای فونت، سایز و رنگ خاص خود است. در واقع خصیصه‌هایی که از یک آبجکت به آبجکت دیگر متفاوت هستند .
   

نکته‌ی قابل توجه این است که این الگو بصورت داخلی از الگوی Factory Method استفاده می‌کند. با توجه بیشتر به پیاده سازی Flyweight Factory شباهت هایی بین آن و Singleton Pattern می‌بینیم. کلاس‌هایی از این دست را Multiton می نامند. در Multiton نمونه‌ها بصورت زوج کلیدهایی نگهداری می‌شوند و بر اساس Key دریافت شده نمونه‌ی متناظر بازگردانده می‌شود. همچنین در Singleton تضمین می‌شود که از کلاس مربوطه فقط یک نمونه در کل Application وجود دارد. در Multiton Pattern تضمین می‌شود که برای هر Key تنها یک Instance وجود دارد.  

    public class Category
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [StringLength(450)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public int? ParentId { get; set; }

        public virtual Category Parent { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Category> Children { get; set; }
    }

    public class CategoryConfiguration : IEntityTypeConfiguration<Category>
    {
        public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder<Category> builder)
        {
            builder.HasIndex(c => c.ParentId);

            builder.HasOne(c => c.Parent)
                   .WithMany(c => c.Children)
                   .HasForeignKey(c => c.ParentId);
        }
    }

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class Applicant
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string Name { set; get; }

        public int Age { set; get; }

        public string Address { set; get; }

        public decimal Salary { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanProduct
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string ProductName { set; get; }

        public decimal InterestRate { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanApplication
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public LoanProduct Product { set; get; }

        public LoanAmount Amount { set; get; }

        public Applicant Applicant { set; get; }

        public bool IsAccepted { set; get; }
    }

    public class LoanAmount
    {
        public string CurrencyCode { get; set; }

        public decimal Principal { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class IdentityVerificationStatus
    {
        public bool Passed { get; set; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IIdentityVerifier
    {
        void Initialize();

        bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status);
    }
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class LoanApplicationProcessor
    {
        private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;
        private const int MinimumAge = 18;
        private const int MinimumCreditScore = 100_000;

        private readonly IIdentityVerifier _identityVerifier;
        private readonly ICreditScorer _creditScorer;

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

        public bool Process(LoanApplication application)
        {
            application.IsAccepted = false;

            if (application.Applicant.Salary < MinimumSalary)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            if (application.Applicant.Age < MinimumAge)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _identityVerifier.Initialize();

            var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
                application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

            if (!isValidIdentity)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
            if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            application.IsAccepted = true;
            return application.IsAccepted;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Models;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class IdentityVerifierServiceGateway : IIdentityVerifier
    {
        public DateTime LastCheckTime { get; private set; }

        public void Initialize()
        {
            // Initialize connection to external service
        }

        public bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            Connect();
            var isValidIdentity = CallService(applicantName, applicantAge, applicantAddress);
            LastCheckTime = DateTime.Now;
            Disconnect();

            return isValidIdentity;
        }

        private void Connect()
        {
            // Open connection to external service
        }

        private bool CallService(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            // Make call to external service, interpret the response, and return result

            return false; // Simulate result for demo purposes
        }

        private void Disconnect()
        {
            // Close connection to external service
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\Loans\Loans.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.3.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.0.0" />    
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};
            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(null, null);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

public class LoanApplicationProcessor
{
    private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.DeclineLowSalary threw exception:
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: identityVerifier

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

> dotnet add package Moq
> Install-Package Moq

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {        
        [TestMethod]
        public void Accept()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_500_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsTrue(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
    application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

var ws = MSBuildWorkspace.Create();
var sln = ws.OpenSolutionAsync(@"..\..\..\Roslyn.sln").Result;


// Print the root of the solution.
Console.WriteLine(Path.GetFileName(sln.FilePath));
 
 
// Get dependency graph to perform a sort.
var g = sln.GetProjectDependencyGraph();
var ps = g.GetTopologicallySortedProjects();
 
 
// Print all projects, their documents, and references.
foreach (var p in ps)
{
    var proj = sln.GetProject(p);
 
    Console.WriteLine("> " + proj.Name);
 
    Console.WriteLine("  > References");
    foreach (var r in proj.ProjectReferences)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("    - " + sln.GetProject(r.ProjectId).Name);
    }
 
    foreach (var d in proj.Documents)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("  - " + d.Name);
    }
}

 Roslyn.sln
> Roslyn01
  > References
  - Program.cs
  - AssemblyInfo.cs
  - .NETFramework,Version=v4.6.AssemblyAttributes.cs

var ws = MSBuildWorkspace.Create();
var sln = ws.OpenSolutionAsync(@"..\..\..\Roslyn.sln").Result;

// Get the Tests\Bar.cs document.
var proj = sln.Projects.Single(p => p.Name == "Roslyn04.Tests");
var test = proj.Documents.Single(d => d.Name == "Bar.cs");
 
var tree = test.GetSyntaxTreeAsync().Result;
var root = tree.GetRootAsync().Result;
 
// Get all the spans in the document that are classified as language elements.
var spans = Classifier.GetClassifiedSpansAsync(test, root.FullSpan).Result.ToDictionary(c => c.TextSpan.Start, c => c);
 
// Print the source text with appropriate colorization.
var txt = tree.GetText().ToString();
 
var i = 0;
foreach (var c in txt)
{
    var span = default(ClassifiedSpan);
    if (spans.TryGetValue(i, out span))
    {
        var color = ConsoleColor.Gray;
 
        switch (span.ClassificationType)
        {
            case ClassificationTypeNames.Keyword:
                color = ConsoleColor.Cyan;
                break;
            case ClassificationTypeNames.StringLiteral:
            case ClassificationTypeNames.VerbatimStringLiteral:
                color = ConsoleColor.Red;
                break;
            case ClassificationTypeNames.Comment:
                color = ConsoleColor.Green;
                break;
            case ClassificationTypeNames.ClassName:
            case ClassificationTypeNames.InterfaceName:
            case ClassificationTypeNames.StructName:
            case ClassificationTypeNames.EnumName:
            case ClassificationTypeNames.TypeParameterName:
            case ClassificationTypeNames.DelegateName:
                color = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
                break;
            case ClassificationTypeNames.Identifier:
                color = ConsoleColor.DarkGray;
                break;
        }
 
        Console.ForegroundColor = color;
    }
 
    Console.Write(c);
 
    i++;
}

var ws = MSBuildWorkspace.Create();
var sln = ws.OpenSolutionAsync(@"..\..\..\Roslyn.sln").Result;


// Get the Tests\Qux.cs document.
var proj = sln.Projects.Single(p => p.Name == "Roslyn04.Tests");
var qux = proj.Documents.Single(d => d.Name == "Qux.cs");
 
Console.WriteLine("Before:");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(qux.GetSyntaxTreeAsync().Result.GetText());
 
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
 
 
// Apply formatting and print the result.
var res = Formatter.FormatAsync(qux).Result;
 
Console.WriteLine("After:");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(res.GetSyntaxTreeAsync().Result.GetText());
Console.WriteLine();

Before:

using System;

namespace Roslyn04.Tests
{
    class Qux {
        public void Baz()
        { Console.WriteLine(42);
            return;  }
    }
}


After:

using System;

namespace Roslyn04.Tests
{
    class Qux
    {
        public void Baz()
        {
            Console.WriteLine(42);
            return;
        }
    }
}

var ws = MSBuildWorkspace.Create();
var sln = ws.OpenSolutionAsync(@"..\..\..\Roslyn.sln").Result;


// Get the Tests project.
var proj = sln.Projects.Single(p => p.Name == "Roslyn04.Tests");
 
// Locate the symbol for the Bar.Foo method and the Bar.Qux property.
var comp = proj.GetCompilationAsync().Result;
 
var barType = comp.GetTypeByMetadataName("Roslyn04.Tests.Bar");
 
var fooMethod = barType.GetMembers().Single(m => m.Name == "Foo");
var quxProp = barType.GetMembers().Single(m => m.Name == "Qux");
 
 
// Find callers across the solution.
Console.WriteLine("Find callers of Foo");
Console.WriteLine();
 
var callers = SymbolFinder.FindCallersAsync(fooMethod, sln).Result;
foreach (var caller in callers)
{
    Console.WriteLine(caller.CallingSymbol);
    foreach (var location in caller.Locations)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("    " + location);
    }
}
 
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
 
// Find all references across the solution.
Console.WriteLine("Find all references to Qux");
Console.WriteLine();
 
var references = SymbolFinder.FindReferencesAsync(quxProp, sln).Result;
foreach (var reference in references)
{
    Console.WriteLine(reference.Definition);
    foreach (var location in reference.Locations)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("    " + location.Location);
    }
}

var ws = MSBuildWorkspace.Create();
var sln = ws.OpenSolutionAsync(@"..\..\..\Roslyn.sln").Result;

// Get the Tests\Foo.cs document.
var proj = sln.Projects.Single(p => p.Name == "Roslyn04.Tests");
var foo = proj.Documents.Single(d => d.Name == "Foo.cs");
 
 
// Find the 'dot' token in the first Console.WriteLine member access expression.
var tree = foo.GetSyntaxTreeAsync().Result;
var model = proj.GetCompilationAsync().Result.GetSemanticModel(tree);
var consoleDot = tree.GetRoot().DescendantNodes().OfType<MemberAccessExpressionSyntax>().First().OperatorToken;
 
 
// Get recommendations at the indicated cursor position.
//
//   Console.WriteLine
//           ^
var res = Recommender.GetRecommendedSymbolsAtPosition(

                    model, consoleDot.GetLocation().SourceSpan.Start + 1, ws).ToList();
 
foreach (var rec in res)
{
    Console.WriteLine(rec);
}

 System.Console.Beep()
System.Console.Beep(int, int)
System.Console.Clear()

var ws = MSBuildWorkspace.Create();
var sln = ws.OpenSolutionAsync(@"..\..\..\Roslyn.sln").Result;


// Get Tests\Bar.cs before making changes.
var oldProj = sln.Projects.Single(p => p.Name == "Roslyn04.Tests");
var oldDoc = oldProj.Documents.Single(d => d.Name == "Bar.cs");
 
Console.WriteLine("Before:");
Console.WriteLine();
 
var oldTxt = oldDoc.GetTextAsync().Result;
Console.WriteLine(oldTxt);
 
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
 
 
// Get the symbol for the Bar.Foo method.
var comp = oldProj.GetCompilationAsync().Result;
 
var barType = comp.GetTypeByMetadataName("Roslyn04.Tests.Bar");
var fooMethod = barType.GetMembers().Single(m => m.Name == "Foo");
 
 
// Perform the rename.
var newSln = Renamer.RenameSymbolAsync(sln, fooMethod, "Foo2", ws.Options).Result;
 
 
// Get Tests\Bar.cs after making changes.
var newProj = newSln.Projects.Single(p => p.Name == "Roslyn04.Tests");
var newDoc = newProj.Documents.Single(d => d.Name == "Bar.cs");
 
Console.WriteLine("After:");
Console.WriteLine();
 
var newTxt = newDoc.GetTextAsync().Result;
Console.WriteLine(newTxt);

var ws = MSBuildWorkspace.Create();
var sln = ws.OpenSolutionAsync(@"..\..\..\Roslyn.sln").Result;


// Get the Tests\Baz.cs document.
var proj = sln.Projects.Single(p => p.Name == "Roslyn04.Tests");
var baz = proj.Documents.Single(d => d.Name == "Baz.cs");
 
Console.WriteLine("Before:");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(baz.GetSyntaxTreeAsync().Result.GetText());
 
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
 
var oldRoot = baz.GetSyntaxRootAsync().Result;

 
var memberAccesses = oldRoot.DescendantNodes().OfType<CastExpressionSyntax>();
var newRoot = oldRoot.ReplaceNodes(memberAccesses, (_, m) => m.WithAdditionalAnnotations(Simplifier.Annotation));
 
var newDoc = baz.WithSyntaxRoot(newRoot);
 
 
// Invoke the simplifier and print the result.
var res = Simplifier.ReduceAsync(newDoc).Result;
 
Console.WriteLine("After:");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(res.GetSyntaxTreeAsync().Result.GetText());
Console.WriteLine();

public interface IEncryptSettingsProvider
    {
        byte[] EncryptionKey { get; }
        string EncryptionPrefix { get; }
    }

 public class EncryptSettingsProvider : IEncryptSettingsProvider
    {
        private readonly string _encryptionPrefix;
        private readonly byte[] _encryptionKey;

        public EncryptSettingsProvider()
        {
            //read settings from configuration
            var useHashingString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["UseHashingForEncryption"];
            var useHashing = System.String.Compare(useHashingString, "false", System.StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != 0;

            _encryptionPrefix = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["EncryptionPrefix"];
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_encryptionPrefix))
            {
                _encryptionPrefix = "encryptedHidden_";
            }

            var key = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["EncryptionKey"];
            if (useHashing)
            {
                var hash = new SHA256Managed();
                _encryptionKey = hash.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key));
                hash.Clear();
                hash.Dispose();
            }
            else
            {
                _encryptionKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
            }
        }

        #region ISettingsProvider Members

        public byte[] EncryptionKey
        {
            get
            {
                return _encryptionKey;
            }
        }

        public string EncryptionPrefix
        {
            get { return _encryptionPrefix; }
        }

        #endregion

    }

  <appSettings>
    <add key="EncryptionKey" value="asdjahsdkhaksj dkashdkhak sdhkahsdkha kjsdhkasd"/>
  </appSettings>

 public class ActionKey
    {
        public string Area { get; set; }
        public string Controller { get; set; }
        public string Action { get; set; }
        public string ActionKeyValue { get; set; }
    }

public static string GetActionKey(this System.Web.Routing.RequestContext requestContext)

public static string GetActionKey(this HtmlHelper helper)

   @Html.EncryptedHiddenFor(model => model.Id)
   @Html.EncryptedHidden("Id2","2")

  if (requestContext.RouteData.Values[oldKey] != null)
                {
                    if (requestContext.RouteData.Values[oldKey].ToString() != oldValue)
                        throw new ApplicationException("Form values is modified!");
                }

 protected void Application_Start()
        {
            ....
            ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(typeof(DecryptingControllerFactory));
        }

[Route("[controller]")]
public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
{
    private static readonly string[] Summaries =
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy",
        "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching",
    };

    // /WeatherForecast/GetForecast2?from=1&to=3
    [HttpGet("[action]")]
    public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast2(Duration days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }
}

public class Duration
{
    public int From { get; set; }
    public int To { get; set; }
}

public class WeatherForecast
{
    public DateOnly Date { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);

    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

// /WeatherForecast/GetForecast3/1-3
[HttpGet("[action]/{days}")]
public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast3(Days days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;

namespace NET7Mvc.Models;

public class Days : IParsable<Days>
{
    public Days(int from, int to)
    {
        From = from;
        To = to;
    }

    public int From { get; }
    public int To { get; }

    public static bool TryParse([NotNullWhen(true)] string? value,
                                IFormatProvider? provider,
                                [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out Days result)
    {
        var items = value?.Split('-', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        if (items is { Length: 2 })
        {
            if (int.TryParse(items[0], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var from)
                && int.TryParse(items[1], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var to))
            {
                result = new Days(from, to);
                return true;
            }
        }

        result = default;
        return false;
    }

    public static Days Parse(string value, IFormatProvider? provider)
    {
        if (!TryParse(value, provider, out var result))
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Could not parse the given value.", nameof(value));
        }

        return result;
    }
}