var hotDrinks = [
    { item: "Tea", price: "7000" },
    { item: "Espresso", price: "10000" },
    { item: "Hot Chocolate", price: "12000" }
];

var MenuItem = React.createClass({
    render: function () {
        return (
            <li className="list-group-item">
                <span className="badge">{this.props.price}</span>
                <p>{this.props.item}</p>
            </li>
        )
    }
});

var Menu = React.createClass({
    getInitialState: function () {
        return {
            menuList: this.props.data
        };
    },
    componentDidMount: function () {
        var component = this;
        $("#btnAddNewItem").click(function () {
            component.state.menuList.push(
                {
                    item: $("#textInputItemName").val(),
                    price: $("#textInputItemPrice").val()
                });
            component.setState({
                menuList: component.state.menuList
            });
        });
    },
    render: function () {
        return (
            <div className="row">
                <div className="col-md-4">
                    <ul className="list-group">
                        {this.state.menuList.map(item => <MenuItem {...item} />)}
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        )
    }
});

ReactDOM.render(
    <Menu data={hotDrinks} />,
    document.getElementById("reactTestContainer")
);

getInitialState، componentDidMount، setState، state و render همگی از کتابخانه React هستند. اگر intelisense و code snippets  مخصوص React را در VSCode نصب کرده باشید، دسترسی به سایر متدها و خاصیت‌های کتابخانه ساده‌تر است. 

شیء state، وضعیت کنونی کامپوننت است. وقتی داده‌ای را به state اختصاص میدهیم، آن را به عنوان وضعیت اولیه در نظر میگیرد. با تغییر داده، React وضعیت کامپوننت را تغییر یافته حساب میکند و به صورت خودکار تگ‌ها را دوباره با داده‌های تازه میسازد. داده‌های state همان داده‌هایی هستند که تگ‌ها با آنها ساخته می‌شوند؛ در بخش render.

getInitialState مثل یک سازنده عمل میکند؛ مقدار ورودی کامپوننت را به یک شیء اختصاص میدهد و آن را برمیگرداند. به کجا؟ به state. یعنی menuList عضوی از شیء state میشود. در مثال بالا و در این متد، لیست نوشیدنی‌ها به menuList اعمال میشود.

componentDidMount باید حتما قبل render تعریف شود، به این دلیل که زمان اجرایش باید حتما بعد از اولین render باشد. این متد وظیفه دارد تغییرات مورد نظر ما را در سطح کد یا رابط کاربری دنبال کند. اگر تغییر دلخواهی به وجود آمد، وضعیت کامپوننت را به روز میکند که بعد از آن React به صورت خودکار تگ‌ها را دوباره میسازد. در مثال بالا متد به رویداد کلیک یک دکمه گوش میدهد. اگر کلیک زده شد، نام نوشیدنی جدید و قیمت آن را از inputها میخواند و به عنوان یک آیتم جدید به menuList در state اضافه میکند. اما هنوز یک قدم مانده و بدون آن React، شیء state را تغییر یافته به حساب نمی‌آورد. در بخش setState وضعیت جاری کامپوننت را با تغییرات اعمال شده، جایگزین میکنیم. در این نقطه React به صورت خودکار به سراغ render میرود و ادامه داستان! 

همانطور که قبلا گفته شد، React.createClass و React.Component فقط در Syntax با هم تفاوت دارند. در نتیجه این مثال را میشود در حالت React.Component هم اجرا کرد.

در قسمت بعد موضوع دیگری را به نام Composability شرح میدهیم. مبحثی ساده با مثال که نشان میدهد چطور کامپوننت‌ها را مستقل از هم بسازیم و در عین حال با هم استفاده کنیم.

[ResponseCache(Duration = 60)]
public IActionResult Contact()
{
   ViewData["Message"] = "Your contact page.";
   return View();
}

 Cache-Control: public,max-age=60

[ResponseCache(Duration = 60, Location = ResponseCacheLocation.Client)]

[ResponseCache(Location = ResponseCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
public IActionResult Error()
{
   return View();
}

Cache-Control: no-store,no-cache
Pragma: no-cache

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc(options =>
    {
        options.CacheProfiles.Add("PrivateCache",
            new CacheProfile
            {
                Duration = 60,
                Location = ResponseCacheLocation.Client
            }); 
    });

[ResponseCache(CacheProfileName = "PrivateCache")]

{
    "dependencies": {
      //same as before
      "Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory": "1.0.0"
 },

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
  services.AddMemoryCache();

[Route("DNT/[controller]")]
public class AboutController : Controller
{
    private readonly IMemoryCache _memoryCache;
 
    public AboutController(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
    {
        _memoryCache = memoryCache;
    }
 
    [Route("")]
    public ActionResult Hello()
    {
 
        string cacheKey = "my-cache-key";
        string greeting;
 
        if (!_memoryCache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out greeting))
        {
             greeting = "Hello";
            // store in the cache
            _memoryCache.Set(cacheKey, greeting,
                new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
                .SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1)));
        }
 
        return Content($"{greeting} from DNT!");
    }

 new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
  .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))

 new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
  .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))
  .SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan.FromHours(1))

 new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
  .SetPriority(CacheItemPriority.NeverRemove))

<cache expires-after="@TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)">
    @Html.Partial("_WhatsNew")
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-after="@TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-on="@DateTime.Today.AddDays(1).AddTicks(-1)">
  <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
 *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-sliding="@TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-user="true">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-route="id">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-query="search">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-cookie="MyAppCookie">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

 <cache vary-by-header="User-Agent">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by="@ViewBag.ProductId">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

 <cache vary-by-user="true" vary-by-route="id">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-sliding="@TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)"
priority="@Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory.CacheItemPriority.NeverRemove">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ? />
<OpenSearchDescription xmlns="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/">
    <ShortName>My Site's Asset Finder</ShortName>
    <Description>Find all your assets</Description>
    <Url type="text/html"
        method="get"
        template="http://MySite.com/Home/Search/?q=searchTerms"/>
    <InputEncoding>UTF-8</InputEncoding>
    <SearchForm>http://MySite.com/</SearchForm>
</OpenSearchDescription>

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Xml;

namespace WebToolkit
{
    public class OpenSearchResult : ActionResult
    {
        public string ShortName { set; get; }
        public string Description { set; get; }
        public string SearchForm { set; get; }
        public string FavIconUrl { set; get; }
        public string SearchUrlTemplate { set; get; }

        public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
        {
            if (context == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("context");

            var response = context.HttpContext.Response;
            writeToResponse(response);
        }

        private void writeToResponse(HttpResponseBase response)
        {
            response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
            response.ContentType = "application/opensearchdescription+xml";
            using (var xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(response.Output, new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true }))
            {
                xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("OpenSearchDescription", "http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/");

                xmlWriter.WriteElementString("ShortName", ShortName);
                xmlWriter.WriteElementString("Description", Description);
                xmlWriter.WriteElementString("InputEncoding", "UTF-8");
                xmlWriter.WriteElementString("SearchForm", SearchForm);

                xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Url");
                xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("type", "text/html");
                xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("template", SearchUrlTemplate);                
                xmlWriter.WriteEndElement();

                xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Image");
                xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("width", "16");
                xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("height", "16");
                xmlWriter.WriteString(FavIconUrl);
                xmlWriter.WriteEndElement();

                xmlWriter.WriteEndElement();
                xmlWriter.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Readers
{
    public partial class OpenSearchController : Controller
    {
        public virtual ActionResult Index()
        {
            var fullBaseUrl = Url.Action(result: MVC.Home.Index(), protocol: "http");
            return new OpenSearchResult
            {
                ShortName = ".NET Tips",
                Description = ".NET Tips Contents Search",
                SearchForm = fullBaseUrl,
                FavIconUrl = fullBaseUrl + "favicon.ico",
                SearchUrlTemplate = Url.Action(result: MVC.Search.Index(), protocol: "http") + "?term={searchTerms}"
            };
        }
    }
}

<link href="@Url.Action(result: MVC.OpenSearch.Index(), protocol: "http")" rel="search"
        title=".NET Tips Search"  type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" />

<Window x:Class="FirstPrismSample.Shell"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:com="http://www.codeplex.com/CompositeWPF"
    Title="Prism Sample By Masoud Pakdel" Height="400" Width="600" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
    <DockPanel>
      <ContentControl com:RegionManager.RegionName="WorkspaceRegion" Width="400"/>
      <ContentControl com:RegionManager.RegionName="NavigatorRegion"  DockPanel.Dock="Left" Width="200" />     
    </DockPanel>
</Window>

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace FirstPrismSample.Common
{
    public abstract class ViewModelBase : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
        protected void RaisePropertyChangedEvent( string propertyName )
        {
            if ( PropertyChanged != null )
            {
                PropertyChangedEventArgs e = new PropertyChangedEventArgs( propertyName );
                PropertyChanged( this, e );
            }
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Presentation.Events;

namespace FirstPrismSample.Common.Events
{
    public class ViewRequestedEvent : CompositePresentationEvent<string>
    {
    }
}

namespace FirstPrismSample .Common
{
    public interface IModuleServices
    {     
        void ActivateView(string viewName);
    }
}

using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Regions;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;

namespace FirstPrismSample.Common
{
    public class ModuleServices : IModuleServices
    {     
        private readonly IUnityContainer m_Container;  
     
        public ModuleServices(IUnityContainer container)
        {
            m_Container = container;
        }      
   
        public void ActivateView(string viewName)
        {        
            var regionManager = m_Container.Resolve<IRegionManager>();

            // غیر فعال کردن ویو
            IRegion workspaceRegion = regionManager.Regions["WorkspaceRegion"];
            var views = workspaceRegion.Views;
            foreach (var view in views)
            {
                workspaceRegion.Deactivate(view);
            }

            //فعال کردن ویو انتخاب شده 
            var viewToActivate = regionManager.Regions["WorkspaceRegion"].GetView(viewName);
            regionManager.Regions["WorkspaceRegion"].Activate(viewToActivate);
        }
    }
}

using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Events;
using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity;
using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Regions;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
using FirstPrismSample.Common;
using FirstPrismSample.Common.Events;
using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Presentation.Events;

namespace FirstPrismSample.ModuleCategory
{
    [Module(ModuleName = "ModuleCategory")]
    public class CategoryModule : IModule
    {      
        private readonly IUnityContainer m_Container;
        private readonly string moduleName = "ModuleCategory";
            
        public CategoryModule(IUnityContainer container)
        {
            m_Container = container;
        }   
      
        ~CategoryModule()
        {
            var eventAggregator = m_Container.Resolve<IEventAggregator>();
            var viewRequestedEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent<ViewRequestedEvent>();       
            viewRequestedEvent.Unsubscribe(ViewRequestedEventHandler);
        }
     
        public void Initialize()
        {           
            var regionManager = m_Container.Resolve<IRegionManager>();
            regionManager.Regions["WorkspaceRegion"].Add(new CategoryView(), moduleName);
         
            var eventAggregator = m_Container.Resolve<IEventAggregator>();
            var viewRequestedEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent<ViewRequestedEvent>();
            viewRequestedEvent.Subscribe(this.ViewRequestedEventHandler, true);
        }
       
        public void ViewRequestedEventHandler(string moduleName)
        {
            if (this.moduleName != moduleName) return;
          
            var moduleServices = m_Container.Resolve<IModuleServices>();
            moduleServices.ActivateView(moduleName);
        }      
    }
}

regionManager.Regions["WorkspaceRegion"]

<UserControl x:Class="FirstPrismSample.ModuleBook.BookView"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    Background="LightGray" FontFamily="Tahoma" FlowDirection="RightToLeft">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <TextBlock Text="لیست کتاب ها"/>
        <ListView Grid.Row="1" Margin="10" Name="lvBook">
            <ListView.View>
                <GridView>
                    <GridViewColumn Header="کد" Width="50"  />
                    <GridViewColumn Header="عنوان" Width="200" />
                    <GridViewColumn Header="نویسنده" Width="150" />
                </GridView>
            </ListView.View>
        </ListView>
    </Grid>
</UserControl>

using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Events;
using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity;
using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Presentation.Events;
using Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Regions;
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
using FirstPrismSample.Common;
using FirstPrismSample.Common.Events;

namespace FirstPrismSample.ModuleBook
{
    [Module(ModuleName = "moduleBook")]
    public class BookModule : IModule
    {      
        private readonly IUnityContainer m_Container;
        private readonly string moduleName = "ModuleBook";     
    
        public BookModule(IUnityContainer container)
        {
            m_Container = container;          
        }     
       
        ~BookModule()
        {           
            var eventAggregator = m_Container.Resolve<IEventAggregator>();
            var viewRequestedEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent<ViewRequestedEvent>();
          
            viewRequestedEvent.Unsubscribe(ViewRequestedEventHandler);
        }     
     
        public void Initialize()
        {           
            var regionManager = m_Container.Resolve<IRegionManager>();
            var view = new BookView();
            regionManager.Regions["WorkspaceRegion"].Add(view, moduleName);
            regionManager.Regions["WorkspaceRegion"].Deactivate(view);
      
            var eventAggregator = m_Container.Resolve<IEventAggregator>();
            var viewRequestedEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent<ViewRequestedEvent>();
            viewRequestedEvent.Subscribe(this.ViewRequestedEventHandler, true);
        }     
      
        public void ViewRequestedEventHandler(string moduleName)
        {           
            if (this.moduleName != moduleName) return;
         
            var moduleServices = m_Container.Resolve<IModuleServices>();
            moduleServices.ActivateView(m_WorkspaceBName);
        }
    }
}

<UserControl x:Class="FirstPrismSample.ModuleNavigator.NavigatorView"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" >
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center">
            <TextBlock Text="انتخاب ماژول" Foreground="Green" HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                VerticalAlignment="Center" FontFamily="Tahoma" FontSize="24" FontWeight="Bold" />
        <Button Command="{Binding ShowModuleCategory}" Margin="5" Width="125">طبقه بندی کتاب ها</Button>
        <Button Command="{Binding ShowModuleBook}" Margin="5" Width="125">لیست کتاب ها</Button>
        </StackPanel>
        </Grid>
</UserControl>

public interface INavigatorViewModel
    {    
        ICommand ShowModuleCategory { get; set; }       
        ICommand ShowModuleBook { get; set; }

        string ActiveWorkspace { get; set; }       

        IUnityContainer Container { get; set; }

        event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    }

public class NavigatorViewModel : ViewModelBase, INavigatorViewModel
    {        
        public NavigatorViewModel(IUnityContainer container)
        {
            this.Initialize(container);
        }   
       
        public ICommand ShowModuleCategory { get; set; }
      
        public ICommand ShowModuleBook { get; set; }      
              
        public string ActiveWorkspace { get; set; }       

        public IUnityContainer Container { get; set; }        
     
        private void Initialize(IUnityContainer container)
        {
            this.Container = container;
            this.ShowModuleCategory = new ShowModuleCategoryCommand(this);
            this.ShowModuleBook = new ShowModuleBookCommand(this);
            this.ActiveWorkspace = "ModuleCategory";
        }        
    }

public class ShowModuleCategoryCommand : ICommand
    {      
        private readonly NavigatorViewModel viewModel;
        private const string workspaceName = "ModuleCategory";         

        public ShowModuleCategoryCommand(NavigatorViewModel viewModel)
        {
            this.viewModel = viewModel;
        }          

        public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
        {
            return viewModel.ActiveWorkspace != workspaceName;
        }

        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
        {
            add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
            remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
        }
     
        public void Execute(object parameter)
        {
            CommandServices.ShowWorkspace(workspaceName, viewModel);
        }      
    }

public class ShowModuleBookCommand : ICommand
    {
        private readonly NavigatorViewModel viewModel;
        private readonly string workspaceName = "ModuleBook";

        public ShowModuleBookCommand( NavigatorViewModel viewModel )
        {
            this.viewModel = viewModel;
        }

        public bool CanExecute( object parameter )
        {
            return viewModel.ActiveWorkspace != workspaceName;
        }

        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
        {
            add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
            remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
        }

        public void Execute( object parameter )
        {
            CommandServices.ShowWorkspace( workspaceName , viewModel );
        }
    }

public static void ShowWorkspace(string workspaceName, INavigatorViewModel viewModel)
  {           
            var eventAggregator = viewModel.Container.Resolve<IEventAggregator>();
            var viewRequestedEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent<ViewRequestedEvent>();
            viewRequestedEvent.Publish(workspaceName);
        
            viewModel.ActiveWorkspace = workspaceName;
 }

xcopy "$(TargetDir)FirstPrismSample.ModuleBook.dll" "$(SolutionDir)FirstPrismSample\bin\$(ConfigurationName)\Modules\" /Y

    public class Bootstrapper : UnityBootstrapper
    {     
        protected override void ConfigureContainer()
        {
            base.ConfigureContainer();
            Container.RegisterType<IModuleServices, ModuleServices>();
        }
   
        protected override DependencyObject CreateShell()
        {
            var shell = new Shell();
            shell.Show();
            return shell;
        }
   
        protected override IModuleCatalog GetModuleCatalog()
        {           
            var catalog = new DirectoryModuleCatalog();
            catalog.ModulePath = @".\Modules";
            return catalog;
        }
    }

"$(SolutionDir)FirstPrismSample\bin\$(ConfigurationName)\Modules\" /Y

public partial class App : Application
    {
        protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnStartup(e);
            var bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();
            bootstrapper.Run();
        }
    }

 Butter
Egg
Flour
Milk
Sugar

Flour 50
Egg 100
Milk 150
Butter 200
Sugar 500

var query = from i in ingredients
orderby i.Calories
select i;

Egg 100
Milk 100
Butter 200
Flour 500
Sugar 500

var query = from i in ingredients
orderby i.Calories, i.Name
select i;

Sugar 500
Flour 500
Butter 200
Milk 100
Egg 100

var query = from i in ingredients
orderby i.Calories descending
select i;

Milk 100
Egg 100
Butter 200
Sugar 500
Flour 500

var query = from i in ingredients
orderby i.Calories, i.Name descending
select i;

C
B
A

 Ingredients with 500 calories
 -Sugar
 -Lard
 -Butter
Ingredients with 100 calories
 -Egg
 -Milk
Ingredients with 50 calories
 -Flour
 -Oats

Apple
Sugar
Pastry
Cinnamon
Cherry
Sugar
Pastry
Kirsch

Apple
Sugar
Pastry
Cinnamon
Cherry
Kirsch

Apple
Sugar
Pastry
Cinnamon

Apple
Sugar
Pastry
Cinnamon
Cherry
Kirsch

Sugar
Pastry

Apple
Cinnamon

current=1&rowCount=10&sort[sender]=asc&searchPhrase=&id=b0df282a-0d67-40e5-8558-c9e93b7befed