به این صورت مدل‌های خود را تعریف کرده و طبق مقاله‌ی قبلی، Controller‌های هر یک را پیاده سازی نمایید:

public class Supplier
{
    [Key]
    public string Key {get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class Category
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

public class Product
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public decimal Price { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("Category")]
    public int CategoryId { get; set; }
    public Category Category { get; set; }

    [ForeignKey("Supplier")]
    public string SupplierId { get; set; }
    public virtual Supplier Supplier { get; set; }
}

پکیج Microsoft.AspNet.OData به تازگی ورژن 6 آن به صورت رسمی منتشر شده و شامل تغییراتی نسبت به نسخه‌ی قبلی آن است. اولین نکته‌ی حائز اهمیت، Config آن است که به صورت زیر تغییر کرده و باید Option‌های مورد نیاز، کانفیگ شوند. در این نسخه DI نیز به Odata اضافه شده است:

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            ODataModelBuilder odataModelBuilder = new ODataConventionModelBuilder();

            var product = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Product>("Products");
            var category = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Category>("Categories");
            var supplier = odataModelBuilder.EntitySet<Supplier>("Suppliers");

            var edmModel = odataModelBuilder.GetEdmModel();

            supplier.EntityType.Ignore(c => c.Name);

            config.Select(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.MaxTop(25);
            config.OrderBy(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Count(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Expand(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Filter(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);
            config.Count(System.Web.OData.Query.QueryOptionSetting.Allowed);

            //config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata", edmModel); // کانفیگ به صورت معمولی
           config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata",
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => edmModel);
                    builder.AddService<IEnumerable<IODataRoutingConvention>>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => ODataRoutingConventions.CreateDefault());
                });
}

[EnableQuery]
        public IQueryable<Product> Get()
        {
            return new List<Product>
            {
                new Product { Id = 1, Name = "name 1", Price = 11, Category = new Category {Id =1, Name = "Cat1" } },
                new Product { Id = 2, Name = "name 2", Price = 12, Category = new Category {Id =2, Name = "Cat2" } },
                new Product { Id = 3, Name = "name 3", Price = 13, Category = new Category {Id =3, Name = "Cat3" } },
                new Product { Id = 4, Name = "name 4", Price = 14, Category = new Category {Id =4, Name = "Cat4" } },
            }.AsQueryable(); ;
        }

[EnableQuery (AllowedQueryOptions= AllowedQueryOptions.Skip | AllowedQueryOptions.Top)]

و همچنین [AutoExpand] به صورت اتوماتیک آن موجودیت مورد نظر را بسط میدهد.

بطور مثال کد‌های زیر را در مدل خود میتوانید مشاهده نمائید:

public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [NotFilterable, NotSortable]
        public decimal Price { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey(nameof(SupplierId))]
        [NotNavigable]
        public virtual Supplier Supplier { get; set; }
        public int SupplierId { get; set; }


        [ForeignKey(nameof(CategoryId))]
        public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
        public int CategoryId { get; set; }

        [NotExpandable]
        public virtual ICollection<TestEntity> TestEnities { get; set; }
    }

فرض کنید پراپرتی زیر را به مدل خود اضافه کرده اید

public DateTimeOffset CreatedOn { get; set; }

حال کوئری زیر را برای فیلتر زدن، بر روی آن در اختیار داریم:

/odata/Products?$filter=year(CreatedOn) eq 2016

در اینجا فقط Product هایی بازگردانده میشوند که در سال 2016 ثبت شده‌اند:

/odata/Products?$filter=CreatedOn lt cast(2017-04-01T04:11:31%2B08:00,Edm.DateTimeOffset)

کوئری فوق تاریخ مورد نظر را Cast کرده و همه‌ی Product هایی را که قبل از این تاریخ ثبت شده‌اند، باز می‌گرداند.

Nested Filter In Expand

/odata/Categories?$expand=Products($filter=Id gt 1 and Id lt 5)

همه‌ی Category‌ها به علاوه بسط دادن Product هایشان، در صورتیکه Id آنها بیشتر از 1 باشد

و یا حتی بر روی موجودیت بسط داده شده، select زده شود:

/odata/Categories?$expand=Products($select=Id,Name)

Custom Attribute

ضمنا به سادگی میتوان اتریبیوت سفارشی نوشت:

public class MyEnableQueryAttribute : EnableQueryAttribute
{
    public override IQueryable ApplyQuery(IQueryable queryable, ODataQueryOptions queryOptions)
    {
       // Don't apply Skip and Top.
       var ignoreQueryOptions = AllowedQueryOptions.Skip | AllowedQueryOptions.Top;
       return queryOptions.ApplyTo(queryable, ignoreQueryOptions);
    }
}

روی هر متدی از کنترلر خود که اتریبیوت [MyEnableQuery] را قرار دهید، دیگر قابلیت Skip, Top را نخواهد داشت.

Dependency Injection در آخرین نسخه‌ی OData اضافه شده است. بطور پیشفرض OData بصورت case-sensitive رفتار میکند. برای تغییر دادن آن در نسخه‌های قدیمی، Extension Methodی به نام EnableCaseSensitive وجود داشت. اما در نسخه‌ی جدید شما میتوانید پیاده سازی خاص خود را از هر کدام از بخش‌های OData داشته باشید و با استفاده از تزریق وابستگی، آن را به config برنامه‌ی خود اضافه کنید؛ برای مثال:

 public class CaseInsensitiveResolver : ODataUriResolver
    {
        private bool _enableCaseInsensitive;

        public override bool EnableCaseInsensitive
        {
            get { return true; }
            set { _enableCaseInsensitive = value; }
        }
    }

اینجا پیاده سازی از ODataUriResolver انجام شده و متد EnableCaseInsensitive به صورت جدیدی override و در حالت default مقدار true را برمیگرداند.

حال به صورت زیر آن را می‌توان به وابستگی‌های config برنامه، اضافه نمود:

config.MapODataServiceRoute("ODataRoute", "odata",
                builder =>
                {
                    builder.AddService(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => edmModel);
                    builder.AddService<IEnumerable<IODataRoutingConvention>>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => ODataRoutingConventions.CreateDefault());
                    builder.AddService<ODataUriResolver>(ServiceLifetime.Singleton, sp => new CaseInsensitiveResolver()); // how enable case sensitive
                });

در قسمت بعدی به Action‌ها و Function‌ها در OData میپردازیم.

protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
    => optionsBuilder
        .UseLazyLoadingProxies()
        .UseSqlServer(myConnectionString);

    .AddDbContext<BloggingContext>(
        b => b.UseLazyLoadingProxies()
              .UseSqlServer(myConnectionString));

public class Blog
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Content { get; set; }
    public virtual Blog Blog { get; set; }
}

public class Blog
{
    private ICollection<Post> _posts;
public Blog()
    {
    }
private Blog(ILazyLoader lazyLoader)
    {
        LazyLoader = lazyLoader;
    }
private ILazyLoader LazyLoader { get; set; }
public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts
    {
        get => LazyLoader?.Load(this, ref _posts);
        set => _posts = value;
    }
}
public class Post
{
    private Blog _blog;
public Post()
    {
    }
private Post(ILazyLoader lazyLoader)
    {
        LazyLoader = lazyLoader;
    }
private ILazyLoader LazyLoader { get; set; }
public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Content { get; set; }
public Blog Blog
    {
        get => LazyLoader?.Load(this, ref _blog);
        set => _blog = value;
    }
}

namespace KendoUI03.Models
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public decimal Price { set; get; }
        public bool IsAvailable { set; get; }
    }
}

 /api/products?{"take":10,"skip":0,"page":1,"pageSize":10,"sort":[{"field":"Id","dir":"desc"}]}

{
"Data":
[
{"Id":1500,"Name":"نام 1500","Price":2499.0,"IsAvailable":false},
{"Id":1499,"Name":"نام 1499","Price":2498.0,"IsAvailable":true}
],
"Total":1500,
"Aggregates":null
}

 PM> Install-Package Kendo.DynamicLinq

using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using Kendo.DynamicLinq;
using KendoUI03.Models;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace KendoUI03.Controllers
{
    public class ProductsController : ApiController
    {
        public DataSourceResult Get(HttpRequestMessage requestMessage)
        {
            var request = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataSourceRequest>(
                requestMessage.RequestUri.ParseQueryString().GetKey(0)
            );

            var list = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts;
            return list.AsQueryable()
                       .ToDataSourceResult(request.Take, request.Skip, request.Sort, request.Filter);
        }
    }
}

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="fa" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <title>Kendo UI: Implemeting the Grid</title>

    <link href="styles/kendo.common.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <!--شیوه نامه‌ی مخصوص راست به چپ سازی-->
    <link href="styles/kendo.rtl.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="styles/kendo.default.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="js/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="js/kendo.all.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

    <!--محل سفارشی سازی پیام‌ها و مسایل بومی-->
    <script src="js/cultures/kendo.culture.fa-IR.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="js/cultures/kendo.culture.fa.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="js/messages/kendo.messages.en-US.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

    <style type="text/css">
        body {
            font-family: tahoma;
            font-size: 9pt;
        }
    </style>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        // جهت استفاده از فایل: kendo.culture.fa-IR.js
        kendo.culture("fa-IR");
    </script>
</head>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            var productsDataSource = new kendo.data.DataSource({
                transport: {
                    read: {
                        url: "api/products",
                        dataType: "json",
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: 'GET'
                    },
                    parameterMap: function (options) {
                        return kendo.stringify(options);
                    }
                },
                schema: {
                    data: "Data",
                    total: "Total",
                    model: {
                        fields: {
                            "Id": { type: "number" }, //تعیین نوع فیلد برای جستجوی پویا مهم است
                            "Name": { type: "string" },
                            "IsAvailable": { type: "boolean" },
                            "Price": { type: "number" }
                        }
                    }
                },
                error: function (e) {
                    alert(e.errorThrown);
                },
                pageSize: 10,
                sort: { field: "Id", dir: "desc" },
                serverPaging: true,
                serverFiltering: true,
                serverSorting: true
            });

            $("#report-grid").kendoGrid({
                dataSource: productsDataSource,
                autoBind: true,
                scrollable: false,
                pageable: true,
                sortable: true,
                filterable: true,
                reorderable: true,
                columnMenu: true,
                columns: [
                    { field: "Id", title: "شماره", width: "130px" },
                    { field: "Name", title: "نام محصول" },
                    {
                        field: "IsAvailable", title: "موجود است",
                        template: '<input type="checkbox" #= IsAvailable ? checked="checked" : "" # disabled="disabled" ></input>'
                    },
                    { field: "Price", title: "قیمت", format: "{0:c}" }
                ]
            });
        });
    </script>

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class Applicant
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string Name { set; get; }

        public int Age { set; get; }

        public string Address { set; get; }

        public decimal Salary { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanProduct
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string ProductName { set; get; }

        public decimal InterestRate { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanApplication
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public LoanProduct Product { set; get; }

        public LoanAmount Amount { set; get; }

        public Applicant Applicant { set; get; }

        public bool IsAccepted { set; get; }
    }

    public class LoanAmount
    {
        public string CurrencyCode { get; set; }

        public decimal Principal { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class IdentityVerificationStatus
    {
        public bool Passed { get; set; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IIdentityVerifier
    {
        void Initialize();

        bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status);
    }
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class LoanApplicationProcessor
    {
        private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;
        private const int MinimumAge = 18;
        private const int MinimumCreditScore = 100_000;

        private readonly IIdentityVerifier _identityVerifier;
        private readonly ICreditScorer _creditScorer;

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

        public bool Process(LoanApplication application)
        {
            application.IsAccepted = false;

            if (application.Applicant.Salary < MinimumSalary)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            if (application.Applicant.Age < MinimumAge)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _identityVerifier.Initialize();

            var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
                application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

            if (!isValidIdentity)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
            if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            application.IsAccepted = true;
            return application.IsAccepted;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Models;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class IdentityVerifierServiceGateway : IIdentityVerifier
    {
        public DateTime LastCheckTime { get; private set; }

        public void Initialize()
        {
            // Initialize connection to external service
        }

        public bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            Connect();
            var isValidIdentity = CallService(applicantName, applicantAge, applicantAddress);
            LastCheckTime = DateTime.Now;
            Disconnect();

            return isValidIdentity;
        }

        private void Connect()
        {
            // Open connection to external service
        }

        private bool CallService(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            // Make call to external service, interpret the response, and return result

            return false; // Simulate result for demo purposes
        }

        private void Disconnect()
        {
            // Close connection to external service
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\Loans\Loans.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.3.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.0.0" />    
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};
            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(null, null);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

public class LoanApplicationProcessor
{
    private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.DeclineLowSalary threw exception:
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: identityVerifier

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

> dotnet add package Moq
> Install-Package Moq

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {        
        [TestMethod]
        public void Accept()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_500_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsTrue(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
    application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

public class Rectangle
{
    public int Length { get; set; }
    public int Height { get; set; }

    public void Grow(int length, int height)
    {
        Length += length;
        Height += height;
    }
}

Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
r.Length = 5;
r.Height = 10;
r.Grow(10, 10);// r.Length is 15, r.Height is 20, same instance of r

// After
public class ImmutableRectangle
{
    int Length { get; }
    int Height { get; }

    public ImmutableRectangle(int length, int height)
    {
        Length = length;
        Height = height;
    }

    public ImmutableRectangle Grow(int length, int height) =>
          new ImmutableRectangle(Length + length, Height + height);
}

ImmutableRectangle r = new ImmutableRectangle(5, 10);
r = r.Grow(10, 10);// r.Length is 15, r.Height is 20, is a new instance of r

public static void Main()
{
    Console.WriteLine(GetSalutation(DateTime.Now.Hour));
}

// imparitive, mutates state to produce a result
/*public static string GetSalutation(int hour)
{
    string salutation; // placeholder value

    if (hour < 12)
        salutation = "Good Morning";
    else
        salutation = "Good Afternoon";

    return salutation; // return mutated variable
}*/

public static string GetSalutation(int hour) => hour < 12 ? "Good Morning" : "Good Afternoon";

public static int Count<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate)
{
    int count = 0;

    foreach (TSource element in source)
    {
        checked
        {
            if (predicate(element))
            {
                count++;
            }
        }
    }

    return count;
}

public static class Extensions
{
    public static Func<T, TReturn2> Compose<T, TReturn1, TReturn2>(this Func<TReturn1, TReturn2> func1, Func<T, TReturn1> func2)
    {
        return x => func1(func2(x));
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x;
        Func<int, int> negate = x => x * -1;
        Func<int, string> toString = s => s.ToString();
        Func<int, string> squareNegateThenToString = toString.Compose(negate).Compose(square);
        Console.WriteLine(squareNegateThenToString(2));
    }
}

string str = new StringBuilder()
  .Append("Hello ")
  .Append("World ")
  .ToString()
  .TrimEnd()
  .ToUpper();

public static class Extensions
{
    public static StringBuilder AppendWhen(this StringBuilder sb, string value, bool predicate) => predicate ? sb.Append(value) : sb;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Extends the StringBuilder class to accept a predicate
        string htmlButton = new StringBuilder().Append("<button").AppendWhen(" disabled", false).Append(">Click me</button>").ToString();
    }
}

public static void Main()
{
    int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

    foreach (int n in GreaterThan(a, 3))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}


/*public static IEnumerable<int> GreaterThan(int[] arr, int gt)
{
    List<int> temp = new List<int>();
    foreach (int n in arr)
    {
        if (n > gt) temp.Add(n);
    }
    return temp;
}*/

public static IEnumerable<int> GreaterThan(int[] arr, int gt)
{
    foreach (int n in arr)
    {
        if (n > gt) yield return n;
    }
}

List<int> collection = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

// Imparative style of programming is verbose
List<int> results = new List<int>();

foreach(var num in collection)
{
  if (num % 2 != 0) results.Add(num);
}

// Declarative is terse and beautiful
var results = collection.Where(num => num % 2 != 0);

 PM> Install-Package Lex.Db

    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    public class Customer
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string City { get; set; }
    }

    public class Order
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public int? CustomerFK { get; set; }
        public int[] ProductsFK { get; set; }
    }

    public static class Database
    {
        public static DbInstance Instance { get; private set; }

        public static DbTable<Product> Products { get; private set; }
        public static DbTable<Order> Orders { get; private set; }
        public static DbTable<Customer> Customers { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// سازنده استاتیکی که در طول عمر برنامه فقط یکبار اجرا می‌شود
        /// </summary>
        static Database()
        {
            createDb();
            getTables();
        }

        private static void getTables()
        {
            Products = Instance.Table<Product>();
            Customers = Instance.Table<Customer>();
            Orders = Instance.Table<Order>();
        }

        private static void createDb()
        {
            Instance = new DbInstance(Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "LexDbTests"));

            Instance.Map<Product>()
                    .WithIndex("NameIdx", x => x.Name)
                    .Automap(i => i.Id, true);

            Instance.Map<Order>()
                    .Automap(i => i.Id, true);

            Instance.Map<Customer>()
                    .WithIndex("NameIdx", x => x.Name)
                    .WithIndex("CityIdx", x => x.City)
                    .Automap(i => i.Id, true);

            Instance.Initialize();
        }
    }

        private static void addData()
        {
            var customer1 = new Customer { Name = "customer1", City = "City1" };
            var customer2 = new Customer { Name = "customer2", City = "City2" };
            Database.Instance.Save(customer1, customer2); // automatic Id assignment after Save

            var product1 = new Product { Name = "product1" };
            var product2 = new Product { Name = "product2" };
            Database.Instance.Save(product1, product2); // automatic Id assignment after Save

            var order1 = new Order { CustomerFK = customer1.Id, ProductsFK = new[] { product1.Id } };
            var order2 = new Order { CustomerFK = customer2.Id, ProductsFK = new[] { product1.Id, product2.Id } };
            Database.Instance.Save(order1, order2); // automatic Id assignment after Save
        }

        private static void loadAll()
        {
            var orders = Database.Orders.LoadAll();
            foreach (var order in orders)
            {
                // نحوه دریافت اطلاعات مشتری بر اساس کلید خارجی ثبت شده
                var orderCustomer = Database.Customers.LoadByKey(order.CustomerFK.Value);
                Console.WriteLine("Order Id: {0}, Customer: {1} ({2}) {3}", order.Id, orderCustomer.Name, orderCustomer.Id, orderCustomer.City);

                // نحوه بازیابی لیستی از اشیاء مرتبط از طریق آرایه‌ای از کلیدهای خارجی ثبت شده
                var orderProducts = Database.Products.LoadByKeys(order.ProductsFK);
                foreach (var product in orderProducts)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("  Product Id: {0}, Name: {1}", product.Id, product.Name);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void queryingByAnIndex()
        {
            var name = "customer1";
            var customersList = Database.Customers
                                        .IndexQueryByKey("NameIdx", name)
                                        .ToList();
            foreach (var person in customersList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(person.Name);
            }
        }

            // Using Take and Skip
            var list1 = Database.Orders.Query<int>() // primary idx
                                       .Take(1).Skip(2).ToList();

            // Querying Between Ranges 
            var list2 = Database.Customers
                                .IndexQuery<string>("NameIdx")
                                .GreaterThan("a", orEqual: true).LessThan("d").ToList();

        private static void deletingRecords()
        {
            Database.Customers.DeleteByKey(key: 1);

            var customers = Database.Customers.LoadByKeys(new[] { 1, 2 });
            Database.Customers.Delete(customers);
        }

 public class Customer
    {
        public Customer()
        {
           Orders = new ObservableCollection<Order>();  
        }
      
        public virtual ICollection<Order> Orders { get; set; }
    }

 public class Order
    {
        public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
   }

public class Person
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public Gender Gender { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

switch (person.Gender)
{
    case Gender.Male:
        if (IsMale(person.FirstName))
        {
            //Isvalid
        }
        break;
    case Gender.Female:
        if (IsFemale(person.FirstName))
        {
            //Isvalid
        }
        break;
}

var genderFuncs = new Dictionary<Gender, Func<string, bool>>
                {
                    {Gender.Male , (x) => IsMale(x)},
                    {Gender.Female , (x) => IsFemale(x)}
                };

public static bool IsMale(string name)
{
    //check...
    return true;
}
public static bool IsFemale(string name)
{
    //check...
    if (name == "Farzad")
    {
        return false;    
    }
    return true;
}

var dummyPerson = new List<Person>
                {
                    new Person
                        {Id = 1, Gender = Gender.Male, FirstName = "Mohammad", LastName = "Saheb"},
                    new Person
                        {Id = 2, Gender = Gender.Female, FirstName = "Farzad", LastName = "Mojidi"}
                };

foreach (var person in dummyPerson)
{
    bool isValid = genderFuncs[person.Gender].Invoke(person.FirstName);          
}

var query = context.Students.AsQueryable();
  if (searchByName)
  {
      query= query.FindStudentsByName(name);
  }
  if (orderByAge)
  {
      query = query.OrderByAge();
  }
  if (paging)
  {
     query =  query.SkipAndTake(skip, take);
  }
  return query.ToList();

var searchTypeFuncs = new Dictionary<SearchType, Func<IQueryable<Student>, string, IQueryable<Student>>>
                    {
                        {SearchType.FirstName, (x, y) => x.FindStudentsByName(y)},
                        {SearchType.LastName, (x, y) => x.FindStudentsByLastName(y)}
                    };

public static IList<Student> SearchStudents(IQueryable<Student> students, SearchType type, string keyword)
{
    var result = searchTypeFuncs[type].Invoke(students, keyword);
    return result.ToList();
}

    public class Tags
    {
        public Tags()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPostsJoinTags
    {
        public virtual BlogPosts BlogPost { get; set; }
        public int BlogPostId { get; set; }

        public virtual Tags Tag { get; set; }
        public int TagId { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPosts
    {
        public BlogPosts()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Body { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogPosts>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Title)
                    .IsRequired()
                    .HasMaxLength(450);
            });

            modelBuilder.Entity<Tags>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Name)
                    .IsRequired()
                    .HasMaxLength(450);
            });

            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogPostsJoinTags>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasKey(e => new { e.TagId, e.BlogPostId })
                    .HasName("PK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.BlogPostId)
                    .HasName("IX_BlogPostId");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.TagId)
                    .HasName("IX_TagId");

                entity.HasOne(d => d.BlogPost)
                    .WithMany(p => p.BlogPostsJoinTags)
                    .HasForeignKey(d => d.BlogPostId)
                    .HasConstraintName("FK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags_dbo.BlogPosts_BlogPostId");

                entity.HasOne(d => d.Tag)
                    .WithMany(p => p.BlogPostsJoinTags)
                    .HasForeignKey(d => d.TagId)
                    .HasConstraintName("FK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags_dbo.Tags_TagId");
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<BlogPosts> BlogPosts { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<Tags> Tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class Tags
    {
        public Tags()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength(450)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("Tag")]
        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPostsJoinTags
    {
        [ForeignKey("BlogPostId")]
        [InverseProperty("BlogPostsJoinTags")]
        public virtual BlogPosts BlogPost { get; set; }
        public int BlogPostId { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("TagId")]
        [InverseProperty("BlogPostsJoinTags")]
        public virtual Tags Tag { get; set; }
        public int TagId { get; set; }
    }

    public class BlogPosts
    {
        public BlogPosts()
        {
            BlogPostsJoinTags = new HashSet<BlogPostsJoinTags>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength(450)]
        public string Title { get; set; }

        public string Body { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("BlogPost")]
        public virtual ICollection<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogPostsJoinTags>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasKey(e => new { e.TagId, e.BlogPostId })
                    .HasName("PK_dbo.BlogPostsJoinTags");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.BlogPostId)
                    .HasName("IX_BlogPostId");

                entity.HasIndex(e => e.TagId)
                    .HasName("IX_TagId");
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<BlogPosts> BlogPosts { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<BlogPostsJoinTags> BlogPostsJoinTags { get; set; }
        public virtual DbSet<Tags> Tags { get; set; }
    }

 var post = new BlogPosts { ... };
context.BlogPosts.Add(post);

var tag = new Tags { ... };
context.Tags.Add(tag);

var postTag = new BlogPostsJoinTags { Tag = tag, BlogPost = post };
context.PostsTags.Add(postTag);

context.SaveChanges();

            BlogPosts post1 = this.BlogPosts
                  .Include(blogPosts => blogPosts.BlogPostsJoinTags)
                    .ThenInclude(joinTags => joinTags.Tag)
                  .First(blogPosts => blogPosts.Id == 1);
            IEnumerable<Tags> post1Tags = post1.BlogPostsJoinTags.Select(x => x.Tag);

.

namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  internal interface IDbCachedResourceManager
  {
    string ResourceName { get; }

    void ClearAll();
    void Clear(string culture);
    void Clear(string culture, string resourceKey);
  }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using DbResourceProvider.Data;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  internal class DbResourceManager : IDbCachedResourceManager
  {
    private readonly string _resourceName;
    private readonly Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, object>> _resourceCacheByCulture;
    public DbResourceManager(string resourceName)
    {
      _resourceName = resourceName;
      _resourceCacheByCulture = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, object>>();
    }
    public object GetObject(string resourceKey, CultureInfo culture) { ... }
    private object GetCachedObject(string resourceKey, string cultureName) { ... }

    #region Implementation of IDbCachedResourceManager
    public string ResourceName
    {
      get { return _resourceName; }
    }
    public void ClearAll()
    {
      lock (this)
      {
        _resourceCacheByCulture.Clear(); 
      }
    }
    public void Clear(string culture)
    {
      lock (this)
      {
        if (!_resourceCacheByCulture.ContainsKey(culture)) return;
        _resourceCacheByCulture[culture].Clear(); 
      }
    }
    public void Clear(string culture, string resourceKey)
    {
      lock (this)
      {
        if (!_resourceCacheByCulture.ContainsKey(culture)) return;
        _resourceCacheByCulture[culture].Remove(resourceKey); 
      }
    }
    #endregion
  }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace DbResourceProvider
{
  public static class DbResourceCacheManager
  {
    internal static List<IDbCachedResourceManager> ResourceManagers { get; private set; }
    static DbResourceCacheManager()
    {
      ResourceManagers = new List<IDbCachedResourceManager>();
    }
    public static void ClearAll()
    {
      ResourceManagers.ForEach(r => r.ClearAll());
    }
    public static void Clear(string resourceName)
    {
      GetResouceManagers(resourceName).ForEach(r => r.ClearAll());
    }
    public static void Clear(string resourceName, string culture)
    {
      GetResouceManagers(resourceName).ForEach(r => r.Clear(culture));
    }
    public static void Clear(string resourceName, string culture, string resourceKey)
    {
      GetResouceManagers(resourceName).ForEach(r => r.Clear(culture, resourceKey));
    }

    private static List<IDbCachedResourceManager> GetResouceManagers(string resourceName)
    {
      return ResourceManagers.Where(r => r.ResourceName.ToLower() == resourceName.ToLower()).ToList();
    }
  }
}

private void EnsureResourceManager()
{
  if (_resourceManager != null) return;
  {
    _resourceManager = CreateResourceManager();
    DbResourceCacheManager.ResourceManagers.Add(_resourceManager);
  }
}

DbResourceCacheManager.Clear("dir1/page1.aspx");

DbResourceCacheManager.Clear("Default.aspx", "en-US");
DbResourceCacheManager.Clear("GlobalTexts", "en-US", "Yes");

public Resource GetResource(string resourceKey, string culture)
{
  using (var data = new TestContext())
  {
    return data.Resources.SingleOrDefault(r => r.Name.ToLower() == _resourceName.ToLower() && r.Key.ToLower() == resourceKey.ToLower() && r.Culture == culture);
  }
}

public List<Resource> GetResources(string culture)
{
  using (var data = new TestContext())
  {
    return data.Resources.Where(r => r.Name.ToLower() == _resourceName.ToLower() && r.Culture == culture).ToList();
  }
}