using System.IO;
using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Html;

namespace Sample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Html Helper Extensions
    /// </summary>
    public static class HtmlHelperExtensions
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Convert IHtmlContent/TagBuilder to string
        /// </summary>
        public static string GetString(this IHtmlContent content)
        {
            using (var writer = new StringWriter())
            {
                content.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default);
                return writer.ToString();
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Entities
{
    public class Booking
    {
       // ...

        public int MemId { set; get; }
        public virtual Member Member { set; get; }

       // ...
    }
}

var startTimes = context.Bookings
                        .Where(booking => booking.Member.FirstName == "David"
                                            && booking.Member.Surname == "Farrell")
                        .Select(booking => new { booking.StartTime })
                        .ToList();

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Entities
{
    public class Booking
    {
       // ...

        public int FacId { set; get; }
        public virtual Facility Facility { set; get; }

       // ...
    }
}

int[] tennisCourts = { 0, 1 };
var date1 = new DateTime(2012, 09, 21);
var date2 = new DateTime(2012, 09, 22);
var startTimes = context.Bookings
                        .Where(booking => tennisCourts.Contains(booking.Facility.FacId)
                                && booking.StartTime >= date1
                                && booking.StartTime < date2)
                        .Select(booking => new { booking.StartTime, booking.Facility.Name })
                        .ToList();

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Entities
{
    public class Member
    {
       // ...

        public virtual ICollection<Member> Children { get; set; }
        public virtual Member Recommender { set; get; }
        public int? RecommendedBy { set; get; }

       // ...
    }
}

var members = context.Members
                        .Where(member => member.Recommender != null)
                        .Select(member => new { member.Recommender.FirstName, member.Recommender.Surname })
                        .Distinct()
                        .OrderBy(member => member.Surname).ThenBy(member => member.FirstName)
                        .ToList();

var members = context.Members
                        .Select(member => new
                        {
                            memFName = member.FirstName,
                            memSName = member.Surname,
                            recFName = member.Recommender.FirstName ?? "",
                            recSName = member.Recommender.Surname ?? ""
                        })
                        .OrderBy(member => member.memSName).ThenBy(member => member.memFName)
                        .ToList();

A LEFT JOIN B            A LEFT OUTER JOIN B
A RIGHT JOIN B           A RIGHT OUTER JOIN B
A FULL JOIN B            A FULL OUTER JOIN B
A INNER JOIN B           A JOIN B

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Entities
{
    public class Booking
    {
       // ...

        public int FacId { set; get; }
        public virtual Facility Facility { set; get; }

        public int MemId { set; get; }
        public virtual Member Member { set; get; }

       // ...
    }
}

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Entities
{
    public class Member
    {
       // ...

        public virtual ICollection<Booking> Bookings { set; get; }
    }
}

int[] tennisCourts = { 0, 1 };
var members = context.Members
                        .SelectMany(x => x.Bookings)
                        .Where(booking => tennisCourts.Contains(booking.Facility.FacId))
                        .Select(booking => new
                        {
                            Member = booking.Member.FirstName + " " + booking.Member.Surname,
                            Facility = booking.Facility.Name
                        })
                        .Distinct()
                        .OrderBy(x => x.Member)
                        .ToList();

var date1 = new DateTime(2012, 09, 14);
var date2 = new DateTime(2012, 09, 15);

var items = context.Members
                        .SelectMany(x => x.Bookings)
                        .Where(booking => booking.StartTime >= date1 && booking.StartTime < date2
                        && (
                            (((booking.Slots * booking.Facility.GuestCost) > 30) && (booking.MemId == 0)) ||
                            (((booking.Slots * booking.Facility.MemberCost) > 30) && (booking.MemId != 0))
                        ))
                        .Select(booking => new
                        {
                            Member = booking.Member.FirstName + " " + booking.Member.Surname,
                            Facility = booking.Facility.Name,
                            Cost = booking.MemId == 0 ?
                                        booking.Slots * booking.Facility.GuestCost
                                        : booking.Slots * booking.Facility.MemberCost
                        })
                        .Distinct()
                        .OrderByDescending(x => x.Cost)
                        .ToList();

var members = context.Members
                        .Select(member =>
                        new
                        {
                            Member = member.FirstName + " " + member.Surname,
                            Recommender = context.Members
                                .Where(recommender => recommender.MemId == member.RecommendedBy)
                                .Select(recommender => recommender.FirstName + " " + recommender.Surname)
                                .FirstOrDefault() ?? ""
                        })
                        .Distinct()
                        .OrderBy(member => member.Member)
                        .ToList();

var date1 = new DateTime(2012, 09, 14);
var date2 = new DateTime(2012, 09, 15);

var items = context.Members
                        .SelectMany(x => x.Bookings)
                        .Where(booking => booking.StartTime >= date1 && booking.StartTime < date2)
                        .Select(booking => new
                        {
                            Member = booking.Member.FirstName + " " + booking.Member.Surname,
                            Facility = booking.Facility.Name,
                            Cost = booking.MemId == 0 ?
                                        booking.Slots * booking.Facility.GuestCost
                                        : booking.Slots * booking.Facility.MemberCost
                        })
                        .Where(x => x.Cost > 30)
                        .Distinct()
                        .OrderByDescending(x => x.Cost)
                        .ToList();

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;

namespace OrbitWebformsTest
{
    public class Picture
    {
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Path { set; get; }
    }

    public class OrbitHandler : IHttpHandler
    {
        IList<Picture> PicturesDataSource()
        {
            var results = new List<Picture>();
            var path = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Images");

            foreach (var item in Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.*"))
            {
                var name = Path.GetFileName(item);
                results.Add(new Picture
                {
                    Path = /*"Images/" + name*/ name,
                    Title = name
                });
            }

            return results;
        }

        public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            var items = PicturesDataSource();
            var json = /*new JavaScriptSerializer().Serialize(items)*/ string.Empty;
            throw new InvalidDataException("همینطوری");
            context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
            context.Response.Write(json);
        }

        public bool IsReusable
        { 
            get { return false; } 
        }
    }
}

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="default.aspx.cs" Inherits="OrbitWebformsTest._default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
    <link href="Content/orbit-1.2.3.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="Script/jquery-1.5.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery.orbit-1.2.3.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div id="featured">
    </div>
    </form>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            $.ajax({
                url: "Handler.ashx",
                contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
                success: function (data) {
                    $.each(data, function (i, b) {
                        var str = '<img src="' + b.Path + '" alt="' + b.Title + '"/>';
                        $("#featured").append(str);
                    });
                    $('#featured').orbit();
                },
                dataType: "json"
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

 <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.5.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

        public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            var items = PicturesDataSource();
            var json = new JavaScriptSerializer().Serialize(items);            
            context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
            context.Response.Write(json);
        }

        IList<Picture> PicturesDataSource()
        {
            var results = new List<Picture>();
            var path = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Images");

            foreach (var item in Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.*"))
            {
                var name = Path.GetFileName(item);
                results.Add(new Picture
                {
                    Path = "Images/" + name,
                    Title = name
                });
            }

            return results;
        }

public IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()
{
    using (var stream = File.Read(Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "products.xml")))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

public IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()
{
    var fullPath = Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "ProductCache.xml");
    if (!File.Exists(fullPath))
        return new Product[0];
         
    using (var stream = File.Read(fullPath))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()

IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()

public class UserRepository : IUserRepository
{
    public IList<User> Search(string value)
    {
        try
        {
              return CreateConnectionAndACommandAndReturnAList("WHERE value=@value", Parameter.New("value", value));
        }
        catch (SqlException err)
        {
             var msg = String.Format("Ohh no!  Failed to search after users with '{0}' as search string", value);
             throw new DataSourceException(msg, err);
        }
    }
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
    if (name.Length < 5 || name.Length > 10) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "Name must be between 5 or 10 characters long");
    if (name.Any(x => !char.IsAlphaNumeric(x)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "May only contain alpha numerics");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public User GetUser(int id)
{
}

var user = datasource.GetUser(userId);
if (user == null)
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to find user: " + userId);
// actual logic here

public User GetUser(int id)
{
    if (id <= 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("id", id, "Valid ids are from 1 and above. Do you have a parsing error somewhere?");
    
    var user = db.Execute<User>("WHERE Id = ?", id);
    if (user == null)
        throw new EntityNotFoundException("Failed to find user with id " + id);
        
    return user;
}

try
{
    FutileAttemptToResist();
}
catch (BorgException err)
{
     _myDearLog.Error("I'm in da cube! Ohh no!", err);
    throw err;
}

try
{
    GreaseTinMan();
}
catch (InvalidOperationException err)
{
    throw new TooScaredLion("The Lion was not in the m00d", err); //<---- استثناء اصلی بهتر است به استثناء جدید پاس داده شود
}

try
{
   socket.Connect("somethingawful.com", 80);
}
catch (SocketException err)
{
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Socket failed", err);  
}

void IncreaseStatusForUser(int userId, int newStatus)
{
    try
    {
         var user  = _repository.Get(userId);
         if (user == null)
             throw new UpdateException(string.Format("Failed to find user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus));
    
         user.Status = newStatus;
         _repository.Save(user);
    }
   catch (DataSourceException err)
   {
       var errMsg = string.Format("Failed to find modify user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus);
        throw new UpdateException(errMsg, err);
   }

public NewException()
public NewException(string description )
public NewException(string description, Exception inner)
protected or private NewException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)

“The given key was not present in the dictionary.”

“The key ‘abrakadabra’ was not present in the dictionary.”

public class SampleException : Exception
{
    public SampleException(string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
    }
 
    public SampleException(string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
    }
 
    public SampleException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    System.Net.HttpStatusCode _statusCode;
     
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
     
    public System.Net.HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
}

public override string Message
{
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    // [...]
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
        // this is new
        StatusCode = (HttpStatusCode) info.GetInt32("HttpStatusCode");
    }
 
    public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
    public override string Message
    {
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
    }
 
    // this is new
    public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
    {
        base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        info.AddValue("HttpStatusCode", (int) StatusCode);
    }
}

throw new Exception("Unknown FaileType");
throw new Exception("Unecpected workingDirectory");

"Unecpected workingDirectory"

namespace PWS.ObjectOrientedPaint.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Shape Type in Paint
    /// </summary>
    public enum ShapeType
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// هیچ
        /// </summary>
        None = 0,
        /// <summary>
        /// خط
        /// </summary>
        Line = 1,
        /// <summary>
        /// مربع
        /// </summary>
        Square = 2,
        /// <summary>
        /// مستطیل
        /// </summary>
        Rectangle = 3,
        /// <summary>
        /// بیضی
        /// </summary>
        Ellipse = 4,
        /// <summary>
        /// دایره
        /// </summary>
        Circle = 5,
        /// <summary>
        /// لوزی
        /// </summary>
        Diamond = 6,
        /// <summary>
        /// مثلث
        /// </summary>
        Triangle = 7,
    }
}