using System.IO;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC4Basic.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        const int AMonth = 30 * 86400;

        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));
            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }
    }
}

 <img src="@Url.Action("GetImage","Home", new { name = "test.png"})"/>

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK

Response Headers
Cache-Control:public, max-age=2591916
Expires:Sat, 31 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT
Last-Modified:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:304 Not Modified

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK (from cache)

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 12:45:55 GMT

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC4Basic.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        const int AMonth = 30 * 86400;

        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));

            var lastWriteTime = System.IO.File.GetLastWriteTime(path);
            this.Response.Cache.SetLastModified(lastWriteTime.ToUniversalTime());

            var header = this.Request.Headers["If-Modified-Since"];
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(header))
            {
                DateTime isModifiedSince;
                if (DateTime.TryParse(header, out isModifiedSince) && isModifiedSince > lastWriteTime)
                {
                    return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.NotModified);
                }
            }

            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }
    }
}

 Remote Address:127.0.0.1:5656
Request URL:http://localhost:10419/Home/GetImage?name=test.png
Request Method:GET
Status Code:304 Not Modified

Request Headers
If-Modified-Since:Thu, 01 May 2014 13:43:32 GMT

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
    public sealed class SetIfModifiedSinceAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public string Parameter { set; get; }
        public string BasePath { set; get; }

        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            var response = filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Response;
            var request = filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Request;

            var path = getPath(filterContext);
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
            {
                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound;
                filterContext.Result = new EmptyResult();
                return;
            }

            var lastWriteTime = File.GetLastWriteTime(path);
            response.Cache.SetLastModified(lastWriteTime.ToUniversalTime());

            var header = request.Headers["If-Modified-Since"];
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(header)) return;
            DateTime isModifiedSince;
            if (DateTime.TryParse(header, out isModifiedSince) && isModifiedSince > lastWriteTime)
            {
                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotModified;
                response.SuppressContent = true;
                filterContext.Result = new EmptyResult();
            }
        }

        string getPath(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            if (!filterContext.ActionParameters.ContainsKey(Parameter)) return string.Empty;
            var name = filterContext.ActionParameters[Parameter] as string;
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name)) return string.Empty;

            var path = Path.GetFileName(name);
            path = filterContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath(string.Format("{0}/{1}", BasePath, path));
            return !File.Exists(path) ? string.Empty : path;
        }
    }

        [SetIfModifiedSince(Parameter = "name", BasePath = "~/app_data/images/")]
        [OutputCache(Duration = AMonth, VaryByParam = "name")]
        public ActionResult GetImage(string name)
        {
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            var path = Server.MapPath(string.Format("~/app_data/images/{0}", name));
            var content = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(path);
            return File(content, "image/png", name);
        }

   [DataContract]
    public class Employee
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public Employee Manager { get; set; }
    }

[DataContract]
    public class Department
    {
        [DataMember]
        public string DeptName { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public List<Employee> Staff { get; set; }
    }

  [ServiceContract]
    public interface IDepartmentService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        Department GetOneDepartment();
    }

public class DepartmentService : IDepartmentService
    {
        public Department GetOneDepartment()
        {
            List<Employee> listOfEmployees = new List<Employee>();

              var masoud = new Employee() { Name = "Masoud" };
              var saeed = new Employee() { Name = "Saeed", Manager = masoud };
              var peyman = new Employee() { Name = "Peyman", Manager = saeed };
              var mostafa = new Employee() { Name = "Mostafa", Manager = saeed };

              return new Department() { DeptName = "IT", Staff = new List<Employee>() { masoud, saeed, peyman, mostafa } };
        }
    }

 class Program
    {
        static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            DepartmentServiceClient client = new DepartmentServiceClient();

            var result = client.GetOneDepartment();
            WriteDataToFile( result );

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static void WriteDataToFile( Department data )
        {
            DataContractSerializer dcs = new DataContractSerializer( typeof( Department ) );
            var ms = new MemoryStream();
            dcs.WriteObject( ms, data );
            ms.Seek( 0, SeekOrigin.Begin );
            var sr = new StreamReader( ms );
            var xml = sr.ReadToEnd();
            string filePath = @"d:\\data.xml";
            if ( !File.Exists( filePath ) )
            {
                File.Create( filePath );
            }         
                using ( TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter( filePath ) )
                {
                    writer.Write( xml );
                }                      
        }

<Department xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Service" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <Name>IT</Name>
  <Staff>
    <Employee>
      <Manager i:nil="true"/>
      <Name>Masoud</Name>
    </Employee>
    <Employee>
      <Manager>
        <Manager i:nil="true"/>
        <Name>Masoud</Name>
      </Manager>
      <Name>Saeed</Name>
    </Employee>
    <Employee>
      <Manager>
        <Manager>
          <Manager i:nil="true"/>
          <Name>Masoud</Name>
        </Manager>
        <Name>Saeed</Name>
      </Manager>
      <Name>Peyman</Name>
    </Employee>
    <Employee>
      <Manager>
        <Manager>
          <Manager i:nil="true"/>
          <Name>Masoud</Name>
        </Manager>
        <Name>Saeed</Name>
      </Manager>
      <Name>Mostafa</Name>
    </Employee>
  </Staff>
</Department>

<Department xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/Service" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <Name>IT</Name>
  <Staff>
    <Employee z:Id="i1" xmlns:z="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">
      <Manager i:nil="true"/>
      <Name>Masoud</Name>
    </Employee>
    <Employee z:Id="i2" xmlns:z="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">
      <Manager z:Ref="i1"/>
      <Name>Saeed</Name>
    </Employee>
    <Employee z:Id="i3" xmlns:z="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">
      <Manager z:Ref="i2"/>
      <Name>Peyman</Name>
    </Employee>
    <Employee z:Id="i4" xmlns:z="http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">
      <Manager z:Ref="i2"/>
      <Name>Mostafa</Name>
    </Employee>
  </Staff>
</Department>

    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public decimal Price { set; get; }
    }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>@ViewBag.Title - My ASP.NET Application</title>

    <link href="~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.all.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="~/Content/jquery.jqGrid/ui.jqgrid.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="~/Content/PersianDatePicker.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="~/Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        @RenderBody()
    </div>

    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-ui-1.8.11.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/i18n/grid.locale-fa.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.jqGrid.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/PersianDatePicker.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.price_format.2.0.js"></script>

    @RenderSection("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

                colModel: [
                    {
                        name: 'Name', index: 'Name', align: 'right', width: 100,
                        editable: true, edittype: 'text',
                        editoptions: {
                            maxlength: 40,
                            dataInit: function (elem) {
                                // http://jqueryui.com/autocomplete/
                                $(elem).autocomplete({
                                    source: '@Url.Action("GetProductNames","Home")',
                                    minLength: 2,
                                    select: function (event, ui) {
                                        $(elem).val(ui.item.value);
                                        $(elem).trigger('change');
                                    }
                                });
                            }
                        },
                        editrules: {
                            required: true
                        }
                    }           
     ],

        public ActionResult GetProductNames(string term)
        {
            var list = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts
                .Where(x => x.Name.StartsWith(term))
                .Select(x => x.Name)
                .Take(10)
                .ToArray();
            return Json(list, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

                colModel: [
                    {
                        name: 'AddDate', index: 'AddDate', align: 'center', width: 100,
                        editable: true, edittype: 'text',
                        editoptions: {
                            maxlength: 10,
                            // https://www.dntips.ir/post/1382
                            onclick: "PersianDatePicker.Show(this,'@today');"
                        },
                        editrules: {
                            required: true
                        }
                    }
                ],

 @{
ViewBag.Title = "Index";
var today = DateTime.Now.ToPersianDate();
}

                colModel: [
                    {
                        name: 'Price', index: 'Price', align: 'center', width: 100,
                        formatter: 'currency',
                        formatoptions:
                        {
                            decimalSeparator: '.',
                            thousandsSeparator: ',',
                            decimalPlaces: 2,
                            prefix: '$'
                        },
                        editable: true, edittype: 'text',
                        editoptions: {
                            dir: 'ltr',
                            dataInit: function (elem) {
                                // http://jquerypriceformat.com/
                                $(elem).priceFormat({
                                    prefix: '',
                                    thousandsSeparator: ',',
                                    clearPrefix: true,
                                    centsSeparator: '',
                                    centsLimit: 0
                                });
                            }
                        },
                        editrules: {
                            required: true,
                            minValue: 0
                        }
                    }
                ],

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Threading;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace jqGrid05.CustomModelBinders
{
    /// <summary>
    /// How to register it in the Application_Start method of Global.asax.cs
    /// ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(decimal), new DecimalBinder());
    /// </summary>
    public class DecimalBinder : DefaultModelBinder
    {
        public override object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            if (bindingContext.ModelType == typeof(decimal) || bindingContext.ModelType == typeof(decimal?))
            {
                return bindDecimal(bindingContext);
            }
            return base.BindModel(controllerContext, bindingContext);
        }

        private static object bindDecimal(ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            var valueProviderResult = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(bindingContext.ModelName);
            if (valueProviderResult == null)
                return null;
            
            bindingContext.ModelState.SetModelValue(bindingContext.ModelName, valueProviderResult);
            decimal value;
            var valueAsString = valueProviderResult.AttemptedValue == null ?
                                        null : valueProviderResult.AttemptedValue.Trim();
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(valueAsString))
                return null;
            
            if (!decimal.TryParse(valueAsString, NumberStyles.Any, Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture, out value))
            {
                const string error ="عدد وارد شده معتبر نیست";
                var ex = new InvalidOperationException(error, new Exception(error, new FormatException(error)));
                bindingContext.ModelState.AddModelError(bindingContext.ModelName, ex);
                return null;
            }
            return value;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
using jqGrid05.CustomModelBinders;

namespace jqGrid05
{
    public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
            RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
            ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(DateTime), new PersianDateModelBinder());
            ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(decimal), new DecimalBinder());
        }
    }
}

            try
            {
                using (WebSession mywebsession = WebCore.CreateWebSession(
new WebPreferences() { CustomCSS = "::-webkit-scrollbar { visibility: hidden; }" }))
                {
                    using (var view = WebCore.CreateWebView(1240, 1000, mywebsession))
                    {
                        view.Source = new Uri("https://site.com/");

                        bool finishedLoading = false;
                        view.LoadingFrameComplete += (s, e) =>
                        {
                            if (e.IsMainFrame)
                                finishedLoading = true;
                        };

                        while (!finishedLoading)
                        {
                            Thread.Sleep(100);
                            WebCore.Update();
                        }

                        using (var surface = (BitmapSurface)view.Surface)
                        {
                            surface.SaveToJPEG("result.jpg");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                WebCore.Shutdown();
            }

 System.InvalidOperationException: You are attempting to re-initialize the WebCore.
The WebCore must only be initialized once per process and must be shut down only when the process exits.

 System.AccessViolationException: Attempted to read or write protected memory.
This is often an indication that other memory is corrupt. at Awesomium.Core.NativeMethods.WebCore_CreateWebView_1(HandleRef jarg1, Int32 jarg2, Int32 jarg3, HandleRef jarg4)

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Web;
using Awesomium.Core;

namespace AwesomiumWebModule
{
    public class AwesomiumModule : IHttpModule
    {
        private static readonly Thread WorkerThread = new Thread(awesomiumWorker);
        private static readonly ConcurrentQueue<AwesomiumRequest> TaskQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<AwesomiumRequest>();
        private static bool _isRunning = true;

        static AwesomiumModule()
        {
            WorkerThread.Start();
        }       

        private static void awesomiumWorker()
        {
            while (_isRunning)
            {
                if (TaskQueue.Count != 0)
                {
                    AwesomiumRequest outRequest;
                    if (TaskQueue.TryDequeue(out outRequest))
                    {
                        var img = AwesomiumThumbnail.FetchWebPageThumbnail(outRequest);
                        File.WriteAllBytes(outRequest.SavePath, img);
                        Thread.Sleep(500);
                    }
                }
                Thread.Sleep(5);
            }
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _isRunning = false;
            WebCore.Shutdown();
        }

        public void Init(HttpApplication context)
        {
            context.EndRequest += endRequest;
        }

        static void endRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var url = HttpContext.Current.Items[Constants.AwesomiumRequest] as AwesomiumRequest;
            if (url!=null)
            {
                TaskQueue.Enqueue(url);
            }
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />
    <httpModules>
      <add name="AwesomiumWebModule" type="AwesomiumWebModule.AwesomiumModule"/>
    </httpModules>
  </system.web>

  <system.webServer>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/>
    <modules>
      <add name="AwesomiumWebModule" type="AwesomiumWebModule.AwesomiumModule"/>
    </modules>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

        protected void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var host = new Uri(txtUrl.Text).Host;
            HttpContext.Current.Items.Add(Constants.AwesomiumRequest, new AwesomiumRequest
            {
                Url = txtUrl.Text,
                SavePath = Path.Combine(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath, "App_Data\\Thumbnails\\" + host + ".jpg"),
                TempDir = Path.Combine(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath, "App_Data\\Temp")
            });
            lblInfo.Text = "Please wait. Your request will be served shortly.";
        }

            string Name = "علی";
           string Desc = "منابع مورد نیاز";
           int Number = 10;
           string content =
           "<div dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right; font-family:Tahoma; font-size:9pt\">" +
           "با سلام<br />" +
           "احتراما آقای/خانم" +
           Name +
           "&nbsp;درخواست چاپ" +
           Desc +
           "&nbsp;دارای" +
           Number +
           "&nbsp;صفحه را داده‌اند. لطفا جهت تائید درخواست ایشان به برنامه مراجعه بفرمائید.<br />" +
           "<br />" +
           "با تشکر</div>";

• الف) امکان مشاهده شکل نهایی تا زمانیکه ایمیل مورد نظر را دریافت نکرده باشیم، وجود ندارد.
• ب) اعمال تغییرات جدید به این فرمت رشته‌ای مشکل است. همیشه استفاده از ابزارهای بصری برای بهبود کار کمک بزرگی هستند که در این حالت از آن‌ها محروم خواهیم شد.
• ج)اگر تغییر رسیده جدید، درخواست اضافه کردن لیست پرینت‌های قبلی این شخص بود چه باید کرد؟ آیا جدول مورد نظر را باید به صورت دستی ایجاد و باز هم به صورت یک رشته به این مجموعه اضافه کرد؟ در این حالت از کنترل‌های استانداردی مانند GridView و امثال آن محروم خواهیم شد.
• د) هر بار تغییر، نیاز به recompile برنامه دارد.

<%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="WebUserControl1.ascx.cs"
   Inherits="testWebForms87.WebUserControl1" %>
<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right; font-family:Tahoma; font-size:9pt">
   با سلام<br />
   احتراما آقای/خانم
   <asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server"></asp:Label>
   &nbsp;درخواست چاپ
   <asp:Label ID="lblDesc" runat="server"></asp:Label>
   &nbsp;دارای
   <asp:Label ID="lblNumber" runat="server"></asp:Label>
   &nbsp;صفحه را داده‌اند. لطفا جهت تائید درخواست ایشان به برنامه مراجعه بفرمائید.<br />
   <br />
   با تشکر</div>

        public string Name { get; set; }
       public int Number { get; set; }
       public string Desc { get; set; }

       protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
       {
           lblNumber.Text = Number.ToString();
           lblName.Text = Name;
           lblDesc.Text = Desc;
       }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;

      /// <summary>
      /// تبدیل یک یوزر کنترل به معادل اچ تی ام ال آن
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="path">مسیر یوزر کنترل</param>
      /// <param name="properties">لیست خواص به همراه مقادیر مورد نظر</param>
      /// <returns></returns>
      /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"><c>NotImplementedException</c>.</exception>
       public static string RenderUserControl(string path,
             List<KeyValuePair<string,object>> properties)
       {
           Page pageHolder = new Page();

           UserControl viewControl =
              (UserControl)pageHolder.LoadControl(path);

           Type viewControlType = viewControl.GetType();

           foreach (var pair in properties)
           {
               PropertyInfo property =
                  viewControlType.GetProperty(pair.Key);
              
               if (property != null)
               {
                   property.SetValue(viewControl, pair.Value, null);
               }
               else
               {
                   throw new NotImplementedException(string.Format(
                      "UserControl: {0} does not have a public {1} property.",
                      path, pair.Key));
               }
           }

           pageHolder.Controls.Add(viewControl);
           StringWriter output = new StringWriter();
           HttpContext.Current.Server.Execute(pageHolder, output, false);
           return output.ToString();
       }

            List<KeyValuePair<string, object>> lst =
               new List<KeyValuePair<string, object>>
                     {
                         new KeyValuePair<string, object>("Name", "علی"),
                         new KeyValuePair<string, object>("Number", 10),
                         new KeyValuePair<string, object>("Desc", "منابع مورد نیاز")
                     };

           string content = CLoadUC.RenderUserControl("WebUserControl1.ascx", lst);

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class Applicant
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string Name { set; get; }

        public int Age { set; get; }

        public string Address { set; get; }

        public decimal Salary { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanProduct
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string ProductName { set; get; }

        public decimal InterestRate { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Entities
{
    public class LoanApplication
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public LoanProduct Product { set; get; }

        public LoanAmount Amount { set; get; }

        public Applicant Applicant { set; get; }

        public bool IsAccepted { set; get; }
    }

    public class LoanAmount
    {
        public string CurrencyCode { get; set; }

        public decimal Principal { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace Loans.Models
{
    public class IdentityVerificationStatus
    {
        public bool Passed { get; set; }
    }
}

using Loans.Models;

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface IIdentityVerifier
    {
        void Initialize();

        bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid);

        void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status);
    }
}

namespace Loans.Services.Contracts
{
    public interface ICreditScorer
    {
        int Score { get; }

        void CalculateScore(string applicantName, string applicantAddress);
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class LoanApplicationProcessor
    {
        private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;
        private const int MinimumAge = 18;
        private const int MinimumCreditScore = 100_000;

        private readonly IIdentityVerifier _identityVerifier;
        private readonly ICreditScorer _creditScorer;

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

        public bool Process(LoanApplication application)
        {
            application.IsAccepted = false;

            if (application.Applicant.Salary < MinimumSalary)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            if (application.Applicant.Age < MinimumAge)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _identityVerifier.Initialize();

            var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
                application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

            if (!isValidIdentity)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            _creditScorer.CalculateScore(application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Address);
            if (_creditScorer.Score < MinimumCreditScore)
            {
                return application.IsAccepted;
            }

            application.IsAccepted = true;
            return application.IsAccepted;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Loans.Models;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;

namespace Loans.Services
{
    public class IdentityVerifierServiceGateway : IIdentityVerifier
    {
        public DateTime LastCheckTime { get; private set; }

        public void Initialize()
        {
            // Initialize connection to external service
        }

        public bool Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            Connect();
            var isValidIdentity = CallService(applicantName, applicantAge, applicantAddress);
            LastCheckTime = DateTime.Now;
            Disconnect();

            return isValidIdentity;
        }

        private void Connect()
        {
            // Open connection to external service
        }

        private bool CallService(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress)
        {
            // Make call to external service, interpret the response, and return result

            return false; // Simulate result for demo purposes
        }

        private void Disconnect()
        {
            // Close connection to external service
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress, out bool isValid)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void Validate(string applicantName, int applicantAge, string applicantAddress,
            ref IdentityVerificationStatus status)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\Loans\Loans.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.3.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="2.0.0" />    
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};
            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(null, null);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

public class LoanApplicationProcessor
{
    private const decimal MinimumSalary = 1_500_000_0;

Test method Loans.Tests.LoanApplicationProcessorShould.DeclineLowSalary threw exception:
System.ArgumentNullException: Value cannot be null.
Parameter name: identityVerifier

        public LoanApplicationProcessor(
            IIdentityVerifier identityVerifier,
            ICreditScorer creditScorer)
        {
            _identityVerifier = identityVerifier ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityVerifier));
            _creditScorer = creditScorer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(creditScorer));
        }

> dotnet add package Moq
> Install-Package Moq

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void DeclineLowSalary()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_100_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsFalse(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

using Loans.Entities;
using Loans.Services;
using Loans.Services.Contracts;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Moq;

namespace Loans.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class LoanApplicationProcessorShould
    {        
        [TestMethod]
        public void Accept()
        {
            var product = new LoanProduct {Id = 99, ProductName = "Loan", InterestRate = 5.25m};
            var amount = new LoanAmount {CurrencyCode = "Rial", Principal = 2_000_000_0};
            var applicant =
                new Applicant {Id = 1, Name = "User 1", Age = 25, Address = "This place", Salary = 1_500_000_0};
            var application = new LoanApplication {Id = 42, Product = product, Amount = amount, Applicant = applicant};

            var mockIdentityVerifier = new Mock<IIdentityVerifier>();
            var mockCreditScorer = new Mock<ICreditScorer>();

            var processor = new LoanApplicationProcessor(mockIdentityVerifier.Object, mockCreditScorer.Object);
            processor.Process(application);

            Assert.IsTrue(application.IsAccepted);
        }
    }
}

_identityVerifier.Initialize();
var isValidIdentity = _identityVerifier.Validate(
    application.Applicant.Name, application.Applicant.Age, application.Applicant.Address);

قدم دوم

بسته‌های نیوگت زیر را نصب کنید:

PM> install-package NUnit
PM> install-package Shouldly
PM> install-package EntityFramework
PM> install-package FakeHttpContext

قدم سوم

نسخه دیتابیس انتخابی برای تست خودکار، LocalDB می باشد. لازم است در ابتدای اجرای تست‌ها دیتابیس مربوط به Integration Test ایجاد شده و بعد از اتمام نیز دیتابیس مورد نظر حذف شود؛ برای این منظور از کلاس TestSetup استفاده خواهیم کرد.

[SetUpFixture]
public class TestSetup
{
    [OneTimeSetUp]
    public void SetUpDatabase()
    {
        DestroyDatabase();
        CreateDatabase();
    }

    [OneTimeTearDown]
    public void TearDownDatabase()
    {
        DestroyDatabase();
    }

   //...
}

با توجه به اینکه کلاس TestSetup با [SetUpFixture] تزئین شده است، Nunit قبل از اجرای تست‌ها سراغ این کلاس آمده و متد SetUpDatebase را به دلیل تزئین شدن با [OneTimeSetUp]، قبل از اجرای تست‌ها و متد TearDownDatabase را بدلیل تزئین شدن با [OneTimeTearDown]  بعد از اجرای تمام تست‌ها، اجرا خواهد کرد.

متد CreateDatabase

private static void CreateDatabase()
{
    ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, string.Format(SqlResource.DatabaseScript, FileName));

    //Use T-Sql Scripts For Create Database
    //ExecuteSqlCommand(MyAppTest, SqlResources.V1_0_0);

    var migration =
        new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<ApplicationDbContext, DataLayer.Migrations.Configuration>();
    migration.InitializeDatabase(new ApplicationDbContext());

}

private static SqlConnectionStringBuilder Master =>
    new SqlConnectionStringBuilder
    {
        DataSource = @"(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDB",
        InitialCatalog = "master",
        IntegratedSecurity = true
    };

private static string FileName => Path.Combine(
    Path.GetDirectoryName(
        Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location),
    "MyAppTest.mdf");

برای مدیریت محل ذخیره سازی فایل‌های دیتابیس، ابتدا دستورات ایجاد «دیتابیس تست» را برروی دیتابیس master اجرا می‌کنیم و در ادامه برای ساخت جداول از مکانیزم Migration خود EF استفاده شده است.

لازم است رشته اتصال به این دیتابیس ایجاد شده را در فایل App.config پروژه تست قرار دهید:

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="DefaultConnection" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDB)\MSSQLLocalDb;Initial Catalog=MyAppTest;Integrated Security=True;" />
</connectionStrings>

متد DestroyDatabase 

private static void DestroyDatabase()
{
    var fileNames = ExecuteSqlQuery(Master, SqlResource.SelecDatabaseFileNames,
        row => (string)row["physical_name"]);

    if (!fileNames.Any()) return;

    ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, SqlResource.DetachDatabase);

    fileNames.ForEach(File.Delete);
}

در این متد ابتدا آدرس فایل‌های مرتبط با «دیتابیس تست» واکشی شده و در ادامه دستورات Detach دیتابیس انجام شده و فایل‌های مرتبط حذف خواهند شد. فایل‌های دیتابیس در مسیری شبیه به آدرس نشان داده شده‌ی در شکل زیر ذخیره خواهند شد.

قدم چهارم

برای جلوگیری از تداخل بین تست‌ها لازم است تک تک تست‌ها از هم ایزوله باشند؛ یکی از راه حل‌های موجود، استفاده از تراکنش‌ها می‌باشد. برای این منظور امکان AutoRollback را به صورت خودکار به متدهای تست با استفاده از Attribute زیر اعمال خواهیم کرد:

public class AutoRollbackAttribute : Attribute, ITestAction
{
    private TransactionScope _scope;

    public void BeforeTest(ITest test)
    {
        _scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.RequiresNew,new TransactionOptions {IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.Snapshot});
    }

    public void AfterTest(ITest test)
    {
        _scope?.Dispose();
        _scope = null;
    }

    public ActionTargets Targets => ActionTargets.Test;
}

متدهای BeforTest و AfterTest به ترتیب قبل و بعد از اجرای متدهای تست تزئین شده با این Attribute اجرا خواهند شد. 

در مواقعی هم که به HttpConext نیاز دارید، می‌توانید از کتابخانه FakeHttpContext بهره ببرید. برای این مورد هم میتوان Attributeای را به مانند AutoRollback در نظر گرفت.

public class HttpContextAttribute:Attribute,ITestAction
{
    private FakeHttpContext.FakeHttpContext _httpContext;

    public void BeforeTest(ITest test)
    {
        _httpContext = new FakeHttpContext.FakeHttpContext();

    }

    public void AfterTest(ITest test)
    {
        _httpContext?.Dispose();
        _httpContext = null;
    }

    public ActionTargets Targets => ActionTargets.Test;
}

کاری که FakeHttpContext انجام می‌دهد، مقدار دهی HttpContext.Current با یک پیاده سازی ساختگی می‌باشد.

قدم پنجم

به عنوان مثال اگر بخواهیم برای سرویس «گروه کاربری»، Integration Test بنویسیم، به شکل زیر عمل خواهیم کرد:

namespace MyApp.IntegrationTests.ServiceLayer
{
    [TestFixture]
    [AutoRollback]
    [HttpContext]
    public class RoleServiceTests
    {
        private IRoleApplicationService _roleService;

        [SetUp]
        public void Init()
        {
        }

        [TearDown]
        public void Clean()
        {
        }

        [OneTimeSetUp]
        public void SetUp()
        {
            _roleService = IoC.Resolve<IRoleApplicationService>();

            using (var uow = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                RoleInitialDataBuilder.Build(uow);
            }
        }

        [OneTimeTearDown]
        public void TearDown()
        {
        }

        [Test]
        [TestCase("Role1")]
        public void Should_Create_New_Role(string role)
        {
            var viewModel = new RoleCreateViewModel
            {
                Name = role
            };

            _roleService.Create(viewModel);

            using (var context = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                var user = context.Set<Role>().FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name == role);
                user.ShouldNotBeNull();
            }
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_Not_Create_New_Role_With_Admin_Name()
        {
            var viewModel = new RoleCreateViewModel
            {
                Name = "Admin"
            };

            Assert.Throws<DbUpdateException>(() => _roleService.Create(viewModel));
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_AdminRole_Exists()
        {
            using (var context = IoC.Resolve<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                var user = context.Set<Role>().FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name == "Admin");
                user.ShouldNotBeNull();
            }
        }

        [Test]
        public void Should_Not_Create_New_Role_Without_Name()
        {
            Assert.Throws<ValidationException>(() => _roleService.Create(new RoleCreateViewModel { Name = null }));
        }
    }
}

با این خروجی:

"securitySchemes":
{ "basicAuth":
       {
             "type":"http",
             "description":"Input your username and password to access this API",
             "scheme":"basic"
       }
}
…
"security":[
  {"basicAuth":[]}
]

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OpenAPISwaggerDoc.Web.Authentication
{
    public class BasicAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<AuthenticationSchemeOptions>
    {
        public BasicAuthenticationHandler(
            IOptionsMonitor<AuthenticationSchemeOptions> options,
            ILoggerFactory logger,
            UrlEncoder encoder,
            ISystemClock clock)
            : base(options, logger, encoder, clock)
        {
        }

        protected override Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
        {
            if (!Request.Headers.ContainsKey("Authorization"))
            {
                return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("Missing Authorization header"));
            }

            try
            {
                var authenticationHeader = AuthenticationHeaderValue.Parse(Request.Headers["Authorization"]);
                var credentialBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(authenticationHeader.Parameter);
                var credentials = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(credentialBytes).Split(':');
                var username = credentials[0];
                var password = credentials[1];

                if (username == "DNT" && password == "123")
                {
                    var claims = new[] { new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, username) };
                    var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, Scheme.Name);
                    var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
                    var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(principal, Scheme.Name);
                    return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket));
                }
                return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid username or password"));
            }
            catch
            {
                return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid Authorization header"));
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace OpenAPISwaggerDoc.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(defaultScheme: "Basic")
                    .AddScheme<AuthenticationSchemeOptions, BasicAuthenticationHandler>("Basic", null);

namespace OpenAPISwaggerDoc.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
   // ...
            app.UseStaticFiles();

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseMvc();
        }
    }
}

namespace OpenAPISwaggerDoc.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
     // ...
   
            services.AddMvc(setupAction =>
            {
                setupAction.Filters.Add(new AuthorizeFilter());
        // ...

namespace OpenAPISwaggerDoc.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddSwaggerGen(setupAction =>
            {
   // ...

                setupAction.AddSecurityDefinition("basicAuth", new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                {
                    Type = SecuritySchemeType.Http,
                    Scheme = "basic",
                    Description = "Input your username and password to access this API"
                });
            });

namespace OpenAPISwaggerDoc.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc(setupAction =>
            {
                setupAction.Filters.Add(new ProducesResponseTypeAttribute(StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized));

namespace OpenAPISwaggerDoc.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddSwaggerGen(setupAction =>
            {
    // ...

                setupAction.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement
                {
                    {
                        new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                        {
                            Reference = new OpenApiReference
                            {
                                Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme,
                                Id = "basicAuth"
                            }
                        },
                        new List<string>()
                    }
                });
            });