namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        // api-related resources (scopes)
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource(
                    name: "imagegalleryapi",
                    displayName: "Image Gallery API",
                    claimTypes: new List<string> {"role" })
            };
        }

AllowedScopes =
{
  IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
  IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
  IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Address,
  "roles",
  "imagegalleryapi"
},

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();

            services.AddIdentityServer()
             .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
             .AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers())
             .AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources())
             .AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
             .AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients());
        }

options.Scope.Add("imagegalleryapi");

dotnet add package IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation

using IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation;

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(defaultScheme: IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
               .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
               {
                   options.Authority = Configuration["IDPBaseAddress"];
                   options.ApiName = "imagegalleryapi";
               });

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            app.UseAuthentication();

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect;

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.Services
{
    public interface IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// A typed HttpClient.
    /// </summary>
    public class ImageGalleryHttpClient : IImageGalleryHttpClient
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;

        public ImageGalleryHttpClient(
            HttpClient httpClient,
            IConfiguration configuration,
            IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient;
            _configuration = configuration;
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
        }

        public async Task<HttpClient> GetHttpClientAsync()
        {
            var currentContext = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext;
            var accessToken = await currentContext.GetTokenAsync(OpenIdConnectParameterNames.AccessToken);
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken))
            {
                _httpClient.SetBearerToken(accessToken);
            }

            _httpClient.BaseAddress = new Uri(_configuration["WebApiBaseAddress"]);
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));

            return _httpClient;
        }
    }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" Version="2.1.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http" Version="2.1.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Abstractions" Version="2.1.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect" Version="5.2.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="IdentityModel" Version="3.9.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

{
  "nbf": 1536394771,
  "exp": 1536398371,
  "iss": "https://localhost:6001",
  "aud": [
    "https://localhost:6001/resources",
    "imagegalleryapi"
  ],
  "client_id": "imagegalleryclient",
  "sub": "d860efca-22d9-47fd-8249-791ba61b07c7",
  "auth_time": 1536394763,
  "idp": "local",  
  "role": "PayingUser",
  "scope": [
    "openid",
    "profile",
    "address",
    "roles",
    "imagegalleryapi"
  ],
  "amr": [
    "pwd"
  ]
}

An unhandled exception occurred while processing the request.
HttpRequestException: Response status code does not indicate success: 401 (Unauthorized).
 System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage.EnsureSuccessStatusCode()

        public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
        {
            var httpClient = await _imageGalleryHttpClient.GetHttpClientAsync();
            var response = await httpClient.GetAsync("api/images");

            if (response.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized ||
                response.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
            {
                return RedirectToAction("AccessDenied", "Authorization");
            }
            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet()]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetImages()
        {
            var ownerId = this.User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(claim => claim.Type == "sub").Value;

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.Services
{
    public class ImagesService : IImagesService
    {
        public Task<List<Image>> GetImagesAsync(string ownerId)
        {
            return _images.Where(image => image.OwnerId == ownerId).OrderBy(image => image.Title).ToListAsync();
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet()]
        public async Task<IActionResult> GetImages()
        {
            var ownerId = this.User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(claim => claim.Type == "sub").Value;
            var imagesFromRepo = await _imagesService.GetImagesAsync(ownerId);
            var imagesToReturn = _mapper.Map<IEnumerable<ImageModel>>(imagesFromRepo);
            return Ok(imagesToReturn);
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.Services
{
    public class ImagesService : IImagesService
    {
        public Task<bool> IsImageOwnerAsync(Guid id, string ownerId)
        {
            return _images.AnyAsync(i => i.Id == id && i.OwnerId == ownerId);
        }

namespace DNT.IDP
{
    public static class Config
    {
        // api-related resources (scopes)
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource(
                    name: "imagegalleryapi",
                    displayName: "Image Gallery API",
                    claimTypes: new List<string> {"role" })
            };
        }

namespace ImageGallery.WebApi.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/images")]
    [Authorize]
    public class ImagesController : Controller
    {
        [HttpPost]
        [Authorize(Roles = "PayingUser")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> CreateImage([FromBody] ImageForCreationModel imageForCreation)
        {

var ownerId = User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Type == "sub").Value;
imageEntity.OwnerId = ownerId;
// add and save.
await _imagesService.AddImageAsync(imageEntity);

@if(User.IsInRole("PayingUser"))
{
  <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Gallery" asp-action="AddImage">Add an image</a></li>
  <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Gallery" asp-action="OrderFrame">Order a framed picture</a></li>
}

namespace ImageGallery.MvcClient.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    public class GalleryController : Controller
    {
        [Authorize(Roles = "PayingUser")]
        public IActionResult AddImage()
        {
            return View();
        }

[HttpPost]
[Authorize(Roles = "PayingUser")]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<IActionResult> AddImage(AddImageViewModel addImageViewModel)

services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

public static IServiceCollection AddDbContext<TContext>(
    [NotNullAttribute] this IServiceCollection serviceCollection, 
    [CanBeNullAttribute] Action<DbContextOptionsBuilder> optionsAction = null, 
    ServiceLifetime contextLifetime = ServiceLifetime.Scoped, 
    ServiceLifetime optionsLifetime = ServiceLifetime.Scoped) where TContext : DbContext;

 An exception occurred while iterating over the results of a query for context type 'BlazorServer.DataAccess.ApplicationDbContext'.
System.InvalidOperationException: A second operation was started on this context before a previous operation completed.
This is usually caused by different threads concurrently using the same instance of DbContext.
For more information on how to avoid threading issues with DbContext, see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2097913.

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    var connectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
    //services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));
    services.AddDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

@inject IDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext> DbFactory

private async Task DeleteImageAsync()
{
    using var context = DbFactory.CreateDbContext();

    var image = await context.HotelRoomImages.FindAsync(1);

   // ...
}

@implements IDisposable
@inject IDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext> DbFactory


@code
{
   private ApplicationDbContext Context;

   protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
   {
       Context = DbFactory.CreateDbContext();
       await base.OnInitializedAsync();
   }

   private async Task DeleteImageAsync()
   {
       var image = await Context.HotelRoomImages.FindAsync(1);
       // ...
   }

   public void Dispose()
   {
     Context.Dispose();
   }
}

services.AddScoped<ApplicationDbContext>(serviceProvider =>
     serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext>>().CreateDbContext());

public interface IHotelRoomService : IDisposable
{
   // ...
}

public interface IHotelRoomImageService : IDisposable
{
   // ...
}

    public class HotelRoomService : IHotelRoomService
    {
        private bool _isDisposed;

        // ...

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(disposing: true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (!_isDisposed)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (disposing)
                    {
                        _dbContext.Dispose();
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    _isDisposed = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

@page "/hotel-room/create"
@page "/hotel-room/edit/{Id:int}"

@implements IDisposable
// ...


@code
{
    // ...

    public void Dispose()
    {
        HotelRoomImageService.Dispose();
        HotelRoomService.Dispose();
    }
}

@page "/hotel-room"

@implements IDisposable
// ...


@code
{
    // ...

    public void Dispose()
    {
        HotelRoomService.Dispose();
    }
}

System.ObjectDisposedException: Cannot access a disposed context instance.
A common cause of this error is disposing a context instance that was resolved from dependency injection and then
later trying to use the same context instance elsewhere in your application. This may occur if you are calling 'Dispose'
on the context instance, or wrapping it in a using statement. If you are using dependency injection, you should let the
dependency injection container take care of disposing context instances.
Object name: 'ApplicationDbContext'.

@code
{
   private IHotelRoomImageService HotelRoomImageService;

   protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
   {
       HotelRoomImageService =  new HotelRoomImageService(DbFactory.CreateDbContext(), mapper);
       await base.OnInitializedAsync();
   }

   private async Task DeleteImageAsync()
   {
       await HotelRoomImageService.DeleteAsync(1);
       // ...
   }

   public void Dispose()
   {
     HotelRoomImageService.Dispose();
   }
}

@page "/hotel-room"

@*@implements IDisposable*@
@*@inject IHotelRoomService HotelRoomService*@
@inherits OwningComponentBase<IHotelRoomService>

@code
{
   private IHotelRoomService HotelRoomService => Service;

@page "/preferences"
@using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
@inherits OwningComponentBase


@code {
    private IHotelRoomService HotelRoomService { get; set; }
    private IHotelRoomImageService HotelRoomImageService { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        HotelRoomService = ScopedServices.GetRequiredService<IHotelRoomService>();
        HotelRoomImageService = ScopedServices.GetRequiredService<IHotelRoomImageService>();
    }
}

services.AddDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));
services.AddScoped<ApplicationDbContext>(serviceProvider =>
        serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext>>().CreateDbContext());

@inject IHotelRoomService HotelRoomService

@inherits OwningComponentBase<IHotelRoomService>

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//                    Captchafa demo for ASP.NET applications
//                                 by: Behrouz Rad
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
namespace Captcha
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Web;

    public class Captchafa
    {
        private static readonly string PRIVATE_KEY = "your private key";
        private static readonly string PUBLIC_KEY = "your public key";
        private static readonly string CAPTCHAFA_API_SERVER = "http://www.captchafa.com/api";
        private static readonly string CAPTCHAFA_VERIFY_SERVER = "http://www.captchafa.com/api/verify/";

        private IDictionary<string, string> CaptchafaData
        {
            get
            {
                HttpContext httpContext = HttpContext.Current;

                string remoteIp = httpContext.Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_ADDR"];
                string challenge = httpContext.Request.Form["captchafa_challenge_field"];
                string response = httpContext.Request.Form["captchafa_response_field"];

                IDictionary<string, string> data = new Dictionary<string, string>() 
                { 
                    {"privatekey" , PRIVATE_KEY },
                    {"remoteip"   , remoteIp    },
                    {"challenge"  , challenge   },
                    {"response"   , response    }
                };

                return data;
            }
        }

        public static string CaptchafaGetHtml()
        {
            return string.Format("<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"{0}/?challenge&k={1}\"></script>", CAPTCHAFA_API_SERVER, PUBLIC_KEY);
        }

        public bool IsAnswerCorrect()
        {
            string dataToSend = this.CaptchafaPrepareDataToSend(this.CaptchafaData);

            string result = this.CaptchafaPostResponse(dataToSend);

            return result.StartsWith("true");
        }

        private string CaptchafaPrepareDataToSend(IDictionary<string, string> data)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

            foreach (var item in data)
            {
                sb.AppendFormat("{0}={1}&", item.Key, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(item.Value.Replace(@"\", string.Empty)));
            }

            result = sb.ToString();

            sb = null;

            result = result.Substring(0, result.LastIndexOf("&"));

            return result;
        }

        private string CaptchafaPostResponse(string data)
        {
            StreamReader reader = null;
            Stream dataStream = null;
            WebResponse response = null;
            string responseFromServer = string.Empty;

            try
            {
                WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(CAPTCHAFA_VERIFY_SERVER);

                request.Method = "POST";
                request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

                byte[] byteData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);

                request.ContentLength = byteData.Length;

                dataStream = request.GetRequestStream();

                dataStream.Write(byteData, 0, byteData.Length);

                dataStream.Close();

                response = request.GetResponse();

                dataStream = response.GetResponseStream();

                reader = new StreamReader(dataStream);

                responseFromServer = reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
            finally
            {
                if (reader != null)
                {
                    reader.Close();
                }

                if (dataStream != null)
                {
                    dataStream.Close();
                }

                if (response != null)
                {
                    response.Close();
                }
            }

            return responseFromServer;
        }
    }
}

if (!IsPostBack)
{
    litCaptcha.Text = Captchafa.CaptchafaGetHtml();
}

Captchafa captchaFa = new Captchafa();

bool isAnswerCorrect = captchaFa.IsAnswerCorrect();

if (isAnswerCorrect)
{
    // پاسخ صحیح است
}
else
{
   // پاسخ صحیح نیست
}

public static class CaptchaHelper
{
    public static MvcHtmlString Captchafa(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper)
    {
        return MvcHtmlString.Create(Captcha.Captchafa.CaptchafaGetHtml());
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[ActionName("Index")]
public ViewResult CaptchaCheck()
{
    Captchafa captchaFa = new Captchafa();

    bool isAnswerCorrect = captchaFa.IsAnswerCorrect();

    if (isAnswerCorrect)
    {
        ViewBag.IsAnswerCorrect = true;
    }
    else
    {
        ViewBag.IsAnswerCorrect = false;
    }

    return View();
}

@using CaptchafaDemoMvc.Helpers;

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}

<form action="/" method="post">

@Html.Captchafa();

<input type="submit" id="btnCaptchafa" name="btnCaptchafa" value="آزمایش" />

@{
    bool isAnswerExists = ViewBag.IsAnswerCorrect != null;
}

@if (isAnswerExists)
{
    if ((bool)ViewBag.IsAnswerCorrect == true)
    {
       <span id="lblResult">پاسخ صحیح است</span>
    }
    else
    {
       <span id="lblResult">پاسخ صحیح نیست</span>
    }
}
</form>

(function()
{
    var app = angular.module('app', []);

    app.config(function($routeProvider, $controllerProvider, $compileProvider, $filterProvider, $provide)
    {
        app.controllerProvider = $controllerProvider;
        app.compileProvider    = $compileProvider;
        app.routeProvider      = $routeProvider;
        app.filterProvider     = $filterProvider;
        app.provide            = $provide;

    });
})();

$script(['appModule.js'], function()
{
    angular.bootstrap(document, ['app'])
});

private StateMachine<string, string> stateMachine;
        private StateMachineCOM source;
        private string startState;
        public delegate void UnhandledTriggerDelegate(State state,  StateConfig trigger);
        public delegate void EntryExitDelegate();
        public delegate bool GuardClauseDelegate();
        public string Id;
        public EntryExitDelegate OnEntry = null;
        public EntryExitDelegate OnExit = null;
        public GuardClauseDelegate GuardClauseFromToTrigger = null;
        public UnhandledTriggerDelegate OnUnhandledTrigger = null;

        public StateMachineRequest(StateMachineCOM source, string startStateId)
        {
            this.source = source;   
            this.startState = startStateId;
        }

        public void Configure() 
        {
            this.stateMachine = new StateMachine<string, string>(startState);
            var states = source.States;
            states.ForEach(state =>
            {
                var triggers = source.StateConfigs.AsQueryable()
                                   .Where(config => config.FromStateId == state.StateId)
                                   .Select(config => new {Id=config.TransitionId.ToString(), From= config.FromStateId.ToString(), To= config.ToStateId.ToString(), Permit=config.PermiteAction })
                                   .ToList();

                triggers.ForEach(trig =>
                {
                    this.stateMachine.Configure(state.StateId.ToString())
                });
            });
        }

        public bool TryFireTrigger(string TrigerId)
        {
            if (!stateMachine.CanFire(TrigerId))
            {
                return false;
            }
            stateMachine.Fire(TrigerId);
            return true;
        }
        
        public string GetCurrentState()
        {
            return this.stateMachine.State;
        }

this.stateMachine.Configure(state.StateId.ToString())
                        .OnEntry(() => { if (state.OnEnter) OnEntry(trig.Id);})
                        .OnExit(() => { if (state.OnExit) OnExit(trig.Id); })
                        .PermitIf(trig.From, trig.To, () => { if (trig.Permit) return GuardClauseFromToTrigger(); return true; });

object1 = {one: 1, two: 2}

# Without braces
object2 = one: 1, two: 2

# Using new lines instead of commas
object3 = 
  one: 1
  two: 2

User.create(name: "Vahid Mohammad Taheri")

array1 = [1, 2, 3]

array2 = [
  1
  2
  3
]

array3 = [1,2,3,]

if true == true
  "We're ok"

if true != true then "Vahid"

# برابر است با:
#  (1 > 0) ? "Yes" : "No!"
if 1 > 0 then "Yes" else "No!"

alert "It's cold!" if 1 < 5

if not true then "Vahid"

unless true
  "Vahid"

if true is 1
  "OK!"

if true isnt true
  alert "OK!"

favorite_color = "Blue. No, yel..."
question = "Sam: What... is your favorite color?
            Ben: #{favorite_color}
            Sam: Wrong!
            "

var favorite_color, question;
favorite_color = "Blue. No, yel...";
question = "Sam: What... is your favorite color?            Ben: " + favorite_color + "            Sam: Wrong!";

 var ctx = new Entities();
            var Fields = ctx.ENTITIES_FEILDS.ToList();
            var assemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(
                                    name: new AssemblyName("Demo"), access: AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);

            var moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule(name: "Module");

            var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(name: Fields.First(c=>c.FEILD_ID==1).ENTITIES.ENTITY_NAME, attr: TypeAttributes.Public);

            foreach (var item in Fields)
            {
                   
            }