using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

namespace DownloadCerts
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // صرفنظر از خطاهای احتمالی مجوز
            ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };

            var url = "https://pdfreport.codeplex.com";
            var request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
            request.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Head;
            using (var response = request.GetResponse())
            { /* در اینجا مجوز، در صورت وجود دریافت شده */  }

            if (request.ServicePoint.Certificate == null)
                return;

            // ذخیره سازی مجوز در فایل
            var cert = new X509Certificate2(request.ServicePoint.Certificate);
            Console.WriteLine("Expiration Date: {0}", cert.GetExpirationDateString());
            var data = cert.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);
            File.WriteAllBytes("site.cer", data);

            Process.Start(Environment.CurrentDirectory);
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace ActionFuncSamples
{
    public delegate int AddMethodDelegate(int a);
    public class DelegateSample
    {
        public void UseDelegate(AddMethodDelegate addMethod)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(addMethod(5));
        }
    }

    public class Helper
    {
        public int CustomAdd(int a)
        {
            return ++a;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Helper helper = new Helper();

            // .NET 1            
            AddMethodDelegate addMethod = new AddMethodDelegate(helper.CustomAdd);
            new DelegateSample().UseDelegate(addMethod);

            // .NET 2, anonymous delegates
            new DelegateSample().UseDelegate(delegate(int a) { return helper.CustomAdd(a); });

            // .NET 3.5
            new DelegateSample().UseDelegate(a => helper.CustomAdd(a));
        }
    }
}

Action<int> example1 = x => Console.WriteLine("Write {0}", x);
example1(5);

Func<int, string> example2 = x => string.Format("{0:n0}", x);
Console.WriteLine(example2(5000));

using System;

namespace ActionFuncSamples
{
    public interface ISchedule
    {
        void Run();
    }

    public class Runner
    {
        public void Exceute(ISchedule schedule)
        {
            schedule.Run();
        }
    }

    public class HelloSchedule : ISchedule
    {
        public void Run()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Just Run!");
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            new Runner().Exceute(new HelloSchedule());
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace ActionFuncSamples
{
    public class Schedule
    {
        public void Exceute(Action run)
        {
            run();
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            new Schedule().Exceute(() => Console.WriteLine("Just Run!"));
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;

namespace Sample
{
    public class BlogPost
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [StringLength(maximumLength: 450, MinimumLength = 1), Required]
        public string Title { set; get; }

        [MaxLength]
        public string Body { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Tag> Tags { set; get; } // many-to-many

        public BlogPost()
        {
            Tags = new List<Tag>();
        }
    }

    public class Tag
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [StringLength(maximumLength: 450), Required]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogPost> BlogPosts { set; get; } // many-to-many

        public Tag()
        {
            BlogPosts = new List<BlogPost>();
        }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<BlogPost> BlogPosts { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Tag> Tags { get; set; }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            var tag1 = new Tag { Name = "Tag1" };
            context.Tags.Add(tag1);

            var post1 = new BlogPost { Title = "Title...1", Body = "Body...1" };
            context.BlogPosts.Add(post1);

            post1.Tags.Add(tag1);

            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());

            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var post1 = ctx.BlogPosts.Find(1);
                if (post1 != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(post1.Title);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

    public class TagMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<Tag>
    {
        public TagMap()
        {
            this.HasMany(x => x.BlogPosts)
                .WithMany(x => x.Tags)
                .Map(map =>
                    {
                        map.MapLeftKey("TagId");
                        map.MapRightKey("BlogPostId");
                        map.ToTable("BlogPostsJoinTags");
                    });
        }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<BlogPost> BlogPosts { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Tag> Tags { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new TagMap());
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
    }

            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var post1 = ctx.BlogPosts.Find(1);
                if (post1 != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(post1.Title);
                    foreach (var tag in post1.Tags.ToList())
                        post1.Tags.Remove(tag);
                    ctx.SaveChanges();
                }
            }

                var post1 = ctx.BlogPosts.Find(1);
                if (post1 != null)
                {
                    ctx.BlogPosts.Remove(post1);
                    ctx.SaveChanges();
                }

                var post1 = ctx.BlogPosts.Find(1);
                if (post1 != null)
                {
                    var tag2 = new Tag { Name = "Tag2" };                    
                    post1.Tags.Add(tag2);
                    ctx.SaveChanges();
                }

                //نام تگ‌های دریافتی از کاربر  
                var tagsList = new[] { "Tag1", "Tag2", "Tag3" };

                //بارگذاری یک مطلب به همراه تگ‌های آن
                var post1 = ctx.BlogPosts.Include(x => x.Tags).FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == 1);
                if (post1 != null)
                {
                    //ابتدا کلیه تگ‌های موجود را حذف خواهیم کرد
                    if (post1.Tags != null && post1.Tags.Any())
                        post1.Tags.Clear();

                    //سپس در طی فقط یک کوئری بررسی می‌کنیم کدامیک از موارد ارسالی موجود هستند
                    var listOfActualTags = ctx.Tags.Where(x => tagsList.Contains(x.Name)).ToList();
                    var listOfActualTagNames = listOfActualTags.Select(x => x.Name.ToLower()).ToList();

                    //فقط موارد جدید به تگ‌ها و ارتباطات موجود اضافه می‌شوند
                    foreach (var tag in tagsList)
                    {
                        if (!listOfActualTagNames.Contains(tag.ToLowerInvariant().Trim()))
                        {
                            ctx.Tags.Add(new Tag { Name = tag.Trim() });
                        }
                    }
                    ctx.SaveChanges(); // ثبت موارد جدید

                    //موارد قبلی هم حفظ می‌شوند
                    foreach (var item in listOfActualTags)
                    {
                        post1.Tags.Add(item);
                    }
                    ctx.SaveChanges();
                }

SELECT
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
[Extent1].[Name] AS [Name]
FROM [dbo].[Tags] AS [Extent1]
WHERE [Extent1].[Name] IN (N'Tag1',N'Tag2',N'Tag3')

 ctx.BlogPosts.Where(p => p.Id == 1).Include(p => p.Tags).FirstOrDefault()

var posts = from p in ctx.BlogPosts
                 from t in p.Tags
                 where t.Name == "Tag1"
                 select p;

 var posts = ctx.Tags.Where(x => x.Name == "Tag1").SelectMany(x => x.BlogPosts);

Error CS1579 foreach statement cannot operate on variables of type ‘IEnumerator’
because ‘IEnumerator’ does not contain a public instance or extension definition for ‘GetEnumerator’

static class Extensions
{
   public static IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator<T>(this IEnumerator<T> enumerator) => enumerator;
}

class Program
{
    void Main()
    {
        var enumerator = Enumerable.Range(0, 10).GetEnumerator();
        foreach (var item in enumerator)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(item);
        }
    }
}

static class Extensions
{
    public static IAsyncEnumerator<T> GetAsyncEnumerator<T>(this IAsyncEnumerator<T> enumerator) => enumerator;
}

class Program
{
    static async Task Main()
    {
        var enumerator = GetAsyncEnumerator();
        await foreach (var item in enumerator)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(item);
        }
    }

    static async IAsyncEnumerator<int> GetAsyncEnumerator()
    {
        yield return 0;
        await Task.Delay(1);
        yield return 1;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        foreach (var item in (1, 2, 3))
        {
            Console.WriteLine(item);
        }
    }
}

foreach statement cannot operate on variables of type '(int, int, int)'
because '(int, int, int)' does not contain a public instance or extension definition
for 'GetEnumerator' [CS9Features]csharp(CS1579)

static class Extensions
{
    public static IEnumerator<object> GetEnumerator<T1, T2, T3>(this ValueTuple<T1, T2, T3> tuple)
    {
        yield return tuple.Item1;
        yield return tuple.Item2;
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using EFReplaceAll.Models;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Config
{
    public class DbSetInfo
    {
        public IQueryable<object> DbSet { set; get; }
        public Type DbSetType { set; get; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Product> Products { set; get; }
        public DbSet<Category> Categories { set; get; }
        public DbSet<User> Users { set; get; }

        public MyContext()
            : base("Connection1")
        {
            this.Database.Log = sql => Console.Write(sql);
        }

        public IList<DbSetInfo> GetAllDbSets()
        {
            return this.GetType()
                .GetProperties()
                .Where(p => p.PropertyType.IsGenericType &&
                            p.PropertyType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(DbSet<>))
                .Select(p => new DbSetInfo
                {
                    DbSet = (IQueryable<object>)p.GetValue(this, null),
                    DbSetType = p.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments().First()
                })
                .ToList();
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Utils
{
    public class ReplaceOp
    {
        public string ToFind { set; get; }
        public string ToReplace { set; get; }
        public StringComparison Comparison { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using EFReplaceAll.Config;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Utils
{
    public static class UpdateDbContextContents
    {
        public static void ReplaceAllStringsAcrossTables(IList<ReplaceOp> replaceOps)
        {
            int dbSetsCount;
            using (var uow = new MyContext())
            {
                dbSetsCount = uow.GetAllDbSets().Count;
            }

            for (var i = 0; i < dbSetsCount; i++)
            {
                using (var uow = new MyContext()) // using a new context each time to free resources quickly.
                {
                    var dbSetResult = uow.GetAllDbSets()[i];
                    var stringProperties = dbSetResult.DbSetType.GetProperties()
                        .Where(p => p.PropertyType == typeof(string))
                        .ToList();
                    var dbSetEntities = dbSetResult.DbSet;
                    var haveChanges = false;
                    foreach (var entity in dbSetEntities)
                    {
                        foreach (var stringProperty in stringProperties)
                        {
                            var oldPropertyValue = stringProperty.GetValue(entity, null) as string;
                            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(oldPropertyValue))
                            {
                                continue;
                            }

                            var newPropertyValue = oldPropertyValue;
                            foreach (var replaceOp in replaceOps)
                            {
                                newPropertyValue = newPropertyValue.ReplaceString(replaceOp.ToFind, replaceOp.ToReplace, replaceOp.Comparison);
                            }
                            if (oldPropertyValue != newPropertyValue)
                            {
                                stringProperty.SetValue(entity, newPropertyValue, null);
                                haveChanges = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (haveChanges)
                    {
                        uow.SaveChanges();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Text;

namespace EFReplaceAll.Utils
{
    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        public static string ReplaceString(this string src, string oldValue, string newValue, StringComparison comparison)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(src))
            {
                return src;
            }

            if (string.Compare(oldValue, newValue, comparison) == 0)
            {
                return src;
            }

            var sb = new StringBuilder();

            var previousIndex = 0;
            var index = src.IndexOf(oldValue, comparison);

            while (index != -1)
            {
                sb.Append(src.Substring(previousIndex, index - previousIndex));
                sb.Append(newValue);
                index += oldValue.Length;

                previousIndex = index;
                index = src.IndexOf(oldValue, index, comparison);
            }

            sb.Append(src.Substring(previousIndex));

            return sb.ToString();
        }
    }
}

            UpdateDbContextContents.ReplaceAllStringsAcrossTables(
                new[]
                {
                    new ReplaceOp
                    {
                        ToFind = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        ToReplace = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        Comparison = StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase
                    },
                    new ReplaceOp
                    {
                        ToFind = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        ToReplace = "https://www.dntips.ir",
                        Comparison = StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase
                    }
                });

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
 
namespace IdentityHash
{
    public static class PBKDF2
    {
        public static byte[] GenerateSalt()
        {
            using (var randomNumberGenerator = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                var randomNumber = new byte[32];
                randomNumberGenerator.GetBytes(randomNumber);
                return randomNumber;
            }
        }
 
        public static byte[] HashPassword(byte[] toBeHashed, byte[] salt, int numberOfRounds)
        {
            using (var rfc2898 = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(toBeHashed, salt, numberOfRounds))
            {
                return rfc2898.GetBytes(32);
 
            }
        }
    }
 
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var passwordToHash = "VeryComplexPassword";
            hashPassword(passwordToHash, 50000);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
 
        private static void hashPassword(string passwordToHash, int numberOfRounds)
        {
            var sw = new Stopwatch();
            sw.Start();
            var hashedPassword = PBKDF2.HashPassword(
                                        Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(passwordToHash),
                                        PBKDF2.GenerateSalt(),
                                        numberOfRounds);
            sw.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Password to hash : {0}", passwordToHash);
            Console.WriteLine("Hashed Password : {0}", Convert.ToBase64String(hashedPassword));
            Console.WriteLine("Iterations <{0}> Elapsed Time : {1}ms", numberOfRounds, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
        }
    }
}

 /* =======================
* HASHED PASSWORD FORMATS
* =======================
*
* Version 2:
* PBKDF2 with HMAC-SHA1, 128-bit salt, 256-bit subkey, 1000 iterations.
* (See also: SDL crypto guidelines v5.1, Part III)
* Format: { 0x00, salt, subkey }
*
* Version 3:
* PBKDF2 with HMAC-SHA256, 128-bit salt, 256-bit subkey, 10000 iterations.
* Format: { 0x01, prf (UInt32), iter count (UInt32), salt length (UInt32), salt, subkey }
* (All UInt32s are stored big-endian.)
*/

    public class Grade
    {
        public Guid StudentId { get; set; }
        public string Value { get; set; }

        public static IEnumerable<Grade> GetData()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
            {
                yield return new Grade
                                 {
                                     StudentId = GuidHelper.ListOfIds[i], Value = "Value " + i
                                 };
            }
        }
    }

    public class Student
    {
        public Guid Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Grade { get; set; }

        public static IEnumerable<Student> GetStudents()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
            {
                yield return new Student
                                 {
                                     Id = GuidHelper.ListOfIds[i],
                                     Name = "Name " + i
                                 };
            }
        }
    }

    public class GuidHelper
    {
        public static List<Guid> ListOfIds=new List<Guid>();

        static GuidHelper()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
            {
                ListOfIds.Add(Guid.NewGuid());
            }
        }
    }

    internal class Program
    {
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
            List<Grade> grades = Grade.GetData().ToList();
            List<Student> students = Student.GetStudents().ToList();

            stopwatch.Start();
            foreach (Student student in students)
            {
                student.Grade = grades.Single(x => x.StudentId == student.Id).Value;
            }
            stopwatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Using list {0}", stopwatch.Elapsed);
            stopwatch.Reset();
            students = Student.GetStudents().ToList();
            stopwatch.Start();
            Dictionary<Guid, string> dictionary = Grade.GetData().ToDictionary(x => x.StudentId, x => x.Value);

            foreach (Student student in students)
            {
                student.Grade = dictionary[student.Id];
            }
            stopwatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("Using dictionary {0}", stopwatch.Elapsed);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

   student.Grade = grades.Single(x => x.StudentId == student.Id).Value;

         student.Grade = dictionary[student.Id];