public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, ParallelOptions parallelOptions, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)
public static Task ForEachAsync<TSource>(IAsyncEnumerable<TSource> source, ParallelOptions parallelOptions, Func<TSource, CancellationToken, ValueTask> body)

customers.ForEach(c => SendEmailAsync(c));

foreach(var c in customers)
{
    SendEmailAsync(c); // the return task is ignored
}

customers.ForEach(async c => await SendEmailAsync(c));

foreach(var c in customers)
{
   await SendEmailAsync(c);
}

foreach(var o in orders)
{
    await ProcessOrderAsync(o);
}

var tasks = orders.Select(o => ProcessOrderAsync(o)).ToList();
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);

[ServiceContract(SessionMode=SessionMode.Allowed)]
    public interface IMyService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        int GetData();             
    }

[ServiceBehavior( InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall )]
    public class PerCallService : IMyService
    {
        int count;
        public int GetData()
        {
            return ++count;
        }
    }

 static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            Console.WriteLine( "PerCall Service" );

            MyPerCallService.MyServiceClient client = new MyPerCallService.MyServiceClient();
            int count = 0;
            for ( int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
            {
                count = client.GetData();              
            }          
            Console.WriteLine( count );
            Console.ReadLine();         
        }

 [ServiceBehavior( InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single )]
    public class SingleService : IMyService
    {
        int count;
        public int GetData()
        {
            return ++count;
        }
    }

static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            Console.WriteLine( "Single Service" );

            MySingleService.MyServiceClient client = new MySingleService.MyServiceClient();
            int count = 0;
            for ( int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
            {
                count = client.GetData();              
            }          
            Console.WriteLine("Result is : {0}", count );
            Console.ReadLine();         
        }

1. دسترسی سازنده کلاس Singleton را از نوع Private تعیین کنیم.
2. یک فیلد استاتیک از نوع کلاس Singleton تعریف کنیم.
3. یک خاصیت از نوع استاتیک فقط خواندنی (یعنی فقط get داشته باشد) تعریف کرده تا فیلد استاتیک را مقداردهی و Return کند. به جای پروپرتی میتوان از یک متد استاتیک نیز استفاده کرد.

public class SingletonClassCreator<T> where T:class , new()
    {
        private static T _singletoneInstance;
        private static readonly object Lock = new object();

        public static T SingletoneInstance
        {
            get
            {
                lock (Lock)
                {
                    if (_singletoneInstance == null)
                    {
                        _singletoneInstance = new T();                        
                    }
                }
                return _singletoneInstance;
            }            
        }

        private SingletonClassCreator()
        {            
        }
    }

static readonly Lucene.Net.Util.Version _version = Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_29;
static readonly IndexSearcher _searcher = new IndexSearcher(@"c:\path\idx", readOnly: true);
private static int GetLuceneDocumentNumber(int postId)
{
    var analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(_version);
    var parser = new QueryParser(_version, "Id", analyzer);
    var query = parser.Parse(postId.ToString());
    var doc = _searcher.Search(query, 1);
    if (doc.totalHits == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    return doc.scoreDocs[0].doc;
}

private static Query CreateMoreLikeThisQuery(int postId)
{
    var docNum = GetLuceneDocumentNumber(postId);
    if (docNum == 0)
            return null;

     var analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(_version);
     var reader = _searcher.GetIndexReader();

     var moreLikeThis = new MoreLikeThis(reader);
     moreLikeThis.SetAnalyzer(analyzer);
     moreLikeThis.SetFieldNames(new[] { "Title", "Body"});
     moreLikeThis.SetMinDocFreq(1);
     moreLikeThis.SetMinTermFreq(1);
     moreLikeThis.SetBoost(true);

     return moreLikeThis.Like(docNum);
}

private static void ShowMoreLikeThisPostItems(int postId)
{
     var query = CreateMoreLikeThisQuery(postId);
     if (query == null)
              return;

      var hits = _searcher.Search(query, n: 10);
      foreach (var item in hits.scoreDocs)
      {
           var doc = _searcher.Doc(item.doc);
           var id = doc.Get("Id");
           var title = doc.Get("Title");
           Console.WriteLine(title);
       }
}

using NUnit.Framework;
using NUnit.Framework.SyntaxHelpers;
 
namespace TestLibrary
{
   [TestFixture]
   public class MyTest
   {
       [Test]
       public void Test1()
       {
           var expectedValue = 2;
           Assert.That(expectedValue , Is.EqualTo(2));
       }
   }
}

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting ;
 
namespace TestLibrary
{
   [TesClass]
   public class MyTest
   {
       [TestMethod]
       public void Test1()
       {
           var expectedValue = 2;
           Assert.AreEqual (expectedValue , 2);
       }
   }
}

Install-Package Should

Install-Package ShouldFluent

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
 
namespace TestLibrary
{
   [TesClass]
   public class MyTest
   {
       [TestMethod]
       public void Test1()
       {          
           var expectedValue = 2;
           expectedValue.Should().Equal( 2 );
       }
   }
}

[TestMethod]        
public void AccountConstructorTest()        
{
     const int expectedBalance = 1000;    
     Account bankAccount = new Account();       
         
     // Assert.IsNotNull(bankAccount, "Account was null.");         
    // Assert.AreEqual(expectedBalance, bankAccount.AccountBalance, "Account balance not mathcing");         



    bankAccount.ShouldNotBeNull("Account was null"); 
    bankAccount.AccountBalance.ShouldEqual(expectedBalance, "Account balance not matching");      
}  

public void Should_fluent_assertions()
{
    object obj = null;
    obj.Should().Be.Null();

    obj = new object();
    obj.Should().Be.OfType(typeof(object));
    obj.Should().Equal(obj);
    obj.Should().Not.Be.Null();
    obj.Should().Not.Be.SameAs(new object());
    obj.Should().Not.Be.OfType<string>();
    obj.Should().Not.Equal("foo");

    obj = "x";
    obj.Should().Not.Be.InRange("y", "z");
    obj.Should().Be.InRange("a", "z");
    obj.Should().Be.SameAs("x");

    "This String".Should().Contain("This");
    "This String".Should().Not.Be.Empty();
    "This String".Should().Not.Contain("foobar");

    false.Should().Be.False();
    true.Should().Be.True();

    var list = new List<object>();
    list.Should().Count.Zero();
    list.Should().Not.Contain.Item(new object());

    var item = new object();
    list.Add(item);
    list.Should().Not.Be.Empty();
    list.Should().Contain.Item(item);
};

public void Should_fluent_assertions()
{   
    var id = new Guid();
    id.Should().Be.Empty();

    id = Guid.NewGuid();
    id.Should().Not.Be.Empty();

    var date = DateTime.Now;
    date1.Should().Be.Today();

    var str = "";
    str.Should().Be.NullOrEmpty();                

    var one = "1";
    one.Should().Be.ConvertableTo<int>();

    var idString = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
    idString.Should().Be.ConvertableTo<Guid>();
}

    public interface ICalculator<T>
    {
        T Add(T operand1, T operand2);
    }

    public class Calculator<T> : ICalculator<T>
    {
        public T Add(T operand1, T operand2)
        {
            return operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

 Operator '+' cannot be applied to operands of type 'T' and 'T'

    public class Calculator2<T>
    {
        public T Sum(List<T> list)
        {
            T sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
                sum += list[i];
            return sum;
        }
    }

    public interface ICalculator<T>
    {
        T Add(T operand1, T operand2);
    }

    public class Int32Calculator : ICalculator<int>
    {
        public int Add(int operand1, int operand2)
        {
            return operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

    public class AlgorithmLibrary<T> where T : new() 
    {
        private readonly ICalculator<T> _calculator;
        public AlgorithmLibrary(ICalculator<T> calculator)
        {
            _calculator = calculator;
        }

        public T Sum(List<T> items)
        {
            var sum = new T();
            for (var i = 0; i < items.Count; i++)
            {
                sum = _calculator.Add(sum, items[i]);
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

 var result = new AlgorithmLibrary<int>(new Int32Calculator()).Sum(new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 });

    public class Algorithms<T> where T : new() 
    {
        public T Calculate(Func<T, T, T> add, IEnumerable<T> numbers)
        {
            var sum = new T();
            foreach (var number in numbers)
            {
                sum = add(sum, number);
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

 var result = new Algorithms<int>().Calculate((a, b) => a + b, new[] { 1, 2, 3 });

    public class Calculator<T> : ICalculator<T>
    {
        public T Add(T operand1, T operand2)
        {
            return (dynamic)operand1 + operand2;
        }
    }

 var test = new Calculator<int>().Add(1, 2);

public T Add(T t1, T t2)
{
    if (typeof(T) == typeof(double))
    {
        var d1 = (double)t1;
        var d2 = (double)t2;
        return (T)(d1 + d2);
    }
    else if (typeof(T) == typeof(int)){
        var i1 = (int)t1;
        var i2 = (int)t2;
        return (T)(i1 + i2);
    }
    else ...
}

using System;
using System.Linq.Expressions;

namespace GenericsArithmetic
{
    public class Solution3
    {
        public T Add<T>(T a, T b)
        {
            var paramA = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "a");
            var paramB = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "b");

            var body = Expression.Add(paramA, paramB);
            var add = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, T, T>>(body, paramA, paramB).Compile();
            return add(a, b);
        }
    }
}

public static T Sum<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
{
    T sum = Operator<T>.Zero;
    foreach (T value in source)
    {
            sum = Operator.Add(sum, value);
    }
    return sum;
}
 

 PM> Install-Package structuremap

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public interface IUsersService
    {
        string GetUserEmail(int userId);
    }
}


namespace DI03.Services
{
    public interface IEmailsService
    {
        void SendEmailToUser(int userId, string subject, string body);
    }
}

using System;

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public class UsersService : IUsersService
    {
        public UsersService()
        {
            //هدف صرفا نمایش وهله سازی خودکار این وابستگی است
            Console.WriteLine("UsersService ctor.");
        }

        public string GetUserEmail(int userId)
        {
            //برای مثال دریافت از بانک اطلاعاتی و بازگشت یک نمونه جهت آزمایش برنامه
            return "name@site.com";
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public class EmailsService: IEmailsService
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        public EmailsService(IUsersService usersService)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("EmailsService ctor.");
            _usersService = usersService;
        }

        public void SendEmailToUser(int userId, string subject, string body)
        {
            var email = _usersService.GetUserEmail(userId);
            Console.WriteLine("SendEmailTo({0})", email);
        }
    }
}

using DI03.Services;
using StructureMap;

namespace DI03
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // تنظیمات اولیه برنامه که فقط یکبار باید در طول عمر برنامه انجام شود
            ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
            {
                x.For<IEmailsService>().Use<EmailsService>();
                x.For<IUsersService>().Use<UsersService>();
            });

            //نمونه‌ای از نحوه استفاده از تزریق وابستگی‌های خودکار
            var emailsService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IEmailsService>();
            emailsService.SendEmailToUser(userId: 1, subject: "Test", body: "Hello!");
        }
    }
}

UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)

using System;

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public class UsersService : IUsersService
    {
        private int _i;
        public UsersService()
        {
            //هدف صرفا نمایش وهله سازی خودکار این وابستگی است
            Console.WriteLine("UsersService ctor.");
        }

        public string GetUserEmail(int userId)
        {
            _i++;
            Console.WriteLine("i:{0}", _i);
            //برای مثال دریافت از بانک اطلاعاتی و بازگشت یک نمونه جهت آزمایش برنامه
            return "name@site.com";
        }
    }
}

 //نمونه‌ای از نحوه استفاده از تزریق وابستگی‌های خودکار
var emailsService1 = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IEmailsService>();
emailsService1.SendEmailToUser(userId: 1, subject: "Test1", body: "Hello!");

var emailsService2 = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IEmailsService>();
emailsService2.SendEmailToUser(userId: 1, subject: "Test2", body: "Hello!");

 UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
i:1
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)
UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
i:1
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)

// تنظیمات اولیه برنامه که فقط یکبار باید در طول عمر برنامه انجام شود
ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
{
   x.For<IEmailsService>().Use<EmailsService>();
   x.For<IUsersService>().Singleton().Use<UsersService>();
});

 UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
i:1
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)
EmailsService ctor.
i:2
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)

 Singleton()
HttpContextScoped()
HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()

protected void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)  
{  
  ObjectFactory.ReleaseAndDisposeAllHttpScopedObjects();  
}

 // تنظیمات اولیه برنامه که فقط یکبار باید در طول عمر برنامه انجام شود
ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
{
   //x.For<IEmailsService>().Use<EmailsService>();
   //x.For<IUsersService>().Singleton().Use<UsersService>();  
   x.Scan(scan =>
   {
       scan.AssemblyContainingType<IEmailsService>();
       scan.WithDefaultConventions();
   });  
});

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

namespace OptimizeImageSizes
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            test1();
            test2();
        }

        private static void test2()
        {
            using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
            {
                var pdfWriter = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test2.pdf", FileMode.Create));
                pdfDoc.Open();

                var table = new PdfPTable(new float[] { 1, 2 });
                table.AddCell(Image.GetInstance("myImage.png"));
                table.AddCell(Image.GetInstance("myImage.png"));
                pdfDoc.Add(table);
            }

            Process.Start("test2.pdf");
        }

        private static void test1()
        {
            using (var pdfDoc = new Document(PageSize.A4))
            {
                var pdfWriter = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDoc, new FileStream("Test1.pdf", FileMode.Create));
                pdfDoc.Open();

                var table = new PdfPTable(new float[] { 1, 2 });                
                var image = Image.GetInstance("myImage.png");
                table.AddCell(image);
                table.AddCell(image);
                pdfDoc.Add(table);
            }

            Process.Start("test1.pdf");
        }
    }
}