public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        .
        SecureString securePwd = new SecureString();
        ConsoleKeyInfo key;

        Console.Write("Enter password: ");
        do {
           key = Console.ReadKey(true);

           // بررسی میشود که کلید فشرده شده جزو حروف الفبا می‌باشد یا کلید دیگری است
           if (((int) key.Key) >= 65 && ((int) key.Key <= 90)) {
              // کاراکتر مربوط به کلید فشرده شده به انتهای متغیر سکوراسترینک اضافه می‌شود
              securePwd.AppendChar(key.KeyChar);
              Console.Write("*");
           }   
        // خروج از حلقه در صورت فشردن کلید اینتر
        } while (key.Key != ConsoleKey.Enter);
        Console.WriteLine();

        try
        {
            MessageBox.Show(securePwd);
        }
        catch (Win32Exception e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
        }
    }
}

 InvalidCastExceptio

internal class Employee {
...
}    
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        // بدون ذکر نام والد تبدیل صورت میگیرد
        Object o = new Employee();

      // برای تبدیل والد به یکی از مشتقات آن نیاز است
        // نوع آن به طور صریح ذکر گردد
         // در بعضی زبان‌های مثل ویژوال بیسیک نیازی به ذکر آن نیست
        Employee e = (Employee) o;
     }
  }

Object o = new Object();
  Boolean b1 = (o is Object);   // b1 is true.
  Boolean b2 = (o is Employee); // b2 is false.

if (o is Employee) 
{     
         Employee e = (Employee) o;
}

Employee e = o as Employee;
  if (e != null) {
     .....
  }

System.Text

public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(...);
        System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
     }
  }

using System.IO;    // Try prepending "System.IO." 
 using System.Text;  // Try prepending "System.Text." 
  
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        FileStream fs = new FileStream(...); 
       StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
     }
  }

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips ;
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        Widget w = new Widget();// An ambiguous reference
     } 
 }

 'Widget' is an ambiguous reference between 'Microsoft.Widget' and 'Dotnettips.Widget

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips;
   
public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        Dotnettips.Widget w = new Dotnettips.Widget(); // Not ambiguous
     }
  }

using Microsoft; 
using Dotnettips;
using DotnettipsWidget = Dotnettips.Widget;   

public sealed class Program {
     public static void Main() {
        DotnettipsWidget w = new DotnettipsWidget (); // No error now
     }
  }

using SisoDb.Sql2008;

namespace SisoDbTests
{
    public class Customer 
    {
        public int Id { get; set; } 
        public int CustomerNo { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; } 
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            /*var cnInfo = new SqlCe4ConnectionInfo(@"Data source=sisodb2013.sdf;");
            var db = new SqlCe4DbFactory().CreateDatabase(cnInfo);
            db.EnsureNewDatabase();*/

            var cnInfo = new Sql2008ConnectionInfo(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=sisodb2013;Integrated Security = true");            
            var db = new Sql2008DbFactory().CreateDatabase(cnInfo);            
            db.EnsureNewDatabase();

            var customer = new Customer 
            {
                CustomerNo = 20,
                Name = "Vahid" 
            };
            db.UseOnceTo().Insert(customer);

            using (var session = db.BeginSession()) 
            {
                var info = session.Query<Customer>().Where(c => c.CustomerNo == 20).FirstOrDefault();

                var info2 = session.Query<Customer>().Where(c => c.CustomerNo == 20 && c.Name=="Vahid").FirstOrDefault();
            }
        }
    }
}

 var info = session.Query<Customer>().Where(c => c.CustomerNo == 20).FirstOrDefault();

SELECT DISTINCT TOP(1) (s.[StructureId]),
                           s.[Json]
                    FROM   [CustomerStructure] s
                           LEFT JOIN [CustomerIntegers] mem0
                                ON  mem0.[StructureId] = s.[StructureId]
                                AND mem0.[MemberPath] = 'CustomerNo'
                    WHERE  (mem0.[Value] = 20);

var info2 = session.Query<Customer>().Where(c => c.CustomerNo == 20 && c.Name=="Vahid").FirstOrDefault();

SELECT DISTINCT TOP(1) (s.[StructureId]),
                           s.[Json]
                    FROM   [CustomerStructure] s
                           LEFT JOIN [CustomerIntegers] mem0
                                ON  mem0.[StructureId] = s.[StructureId]
                                AND mem0.[MemberPath] = 'CustomerNo'
                           LEFT JOIN [CustomerStrings] mem1
                                ON  mem1.[StructureId] = s.[StructureId]
                                AND mem1.[MemberPath] = 'Name'
                    WHERE  ((mem0.[Value] = 20) AND (mem1.[Value] = 'Vahid'));

try {
       // code
} catch(Exception ex) {
       // do something
}

void Execute(Action action) {
    try {
       action();
    } catch(Exception ex) {
       // log errors
    }
}

Execute(() => {open a file});

public static class SafeExecutor
{
    public static T Execute<T>(Func<T> operation)
    {
        try
        {
            return operation();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            // Log Exception
        }
        return default(T);
    }
}

var data = SafeExecutor.Execute<string>(() =>
{
    // do something
    return "result";
});

public static class RetryHelper
{
   public static void RetryOperation(Action action, int numRetries, int retryTimeout)
   {
       if( action == null )
           throw new ArgumentNullException("action");

       do
       {
          try {  action(); return;  }
          catch
          { 
              if( numRetries <= 0 ) throw;
              else 
                 Thread.Sleep( retryTimeout );
           }
       } while( numRetries-- > 0 );
   }
}

RetryHelper.RetryOperation(() => SomeFunction(), 3, 1000);

        static FontSelector getFontSelector(string fontFileName, int size, int style, BaseColor color)
        {
            var systemRoot = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot");
            var mainPath = Path.Combine(systemRoot, "fonts\\" + fontFileName);
            if (!File.Exists(mainPath))
            {
                throw new FileNotFoundException(mainPath + " not found.");
            }
            if (!FontFactory.IsRegistered(mainPath))
            {
                FontFactory.Register(mainPath);
            }

            var tahomaPath = Path.Combine(systemRoot, "fonts\\tahoma.ttf");
            if (!File.Exists(tahomaPath))
            {
                throw new FileNotFoundException(tahomaPath + " not found.");
            }
            if (!FontFactory.IsRegistered(tahomaPath))
            {
                FontFactory.Register(tahomaPath);
            }

            var fontSelector = new FontSelector();
            fontSelector.AddFont(FontFactory.GetFont(mainPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, true, size, style, color));
            fontSelector.AddFont(FontFactory.GetFont(tahomaPath, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, true, size, style, color));
            return fontSelector;
        }

enum USState {...}
var AreaCodeUSState = new Dictionary<string, USState>
    {
        {"408", USState.California},
        {"701", USState.NorthDakota},
        ...
    };

enum USState {...}
var AreaCodeUSState = new Dictionary<string, USState>
    {
        ["408"] = USState.California,
        ["701"] = USState.NorthDakota,
        ...
    };

create a Dictionary<string, USState>
add to new Dictionary the following items: 
     "408", USState.California
     "701", USState.NorthDakota

create a Dictionary<string, USState> then
using AreaCodeUSState's default Indexed property
    set the Value of Key "408" to USState.California
    set the Value of Key "701" to USState.NorthDakota

enum USState {...}
var AreaCodeUSState = new Dictionary<string, USState>
        {
            { "408", USState.Confusion},
            { "701", USState.NorthDakota },
            { "408", USState.California},
            ...
        };
Console.WriteLine( AreaCodeUSState.Where(x => x.Key == "408").FirstOrDefault().Value );

enum USState {...}
var AreaCodeUSState = new Dictionary<string, USState>
    {
        ["408"] = USState.Confusion,
        ["701"] = USState.NorthDakota,
        ["408"] = USState.California,
        ...
    };
Console.WriteLine( AreaCodeUSState2.Where(x => x.Key == "408").FirstOrDefault().Value );  // output = California

var fibonaccis = new List<int>
    {
        [0] = 1,
        [1] = 2,
        [3] = 5,
        [5] = 13
    }

 public class Category
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Title { get; set; }
    }

 public class CategoryMap : EntityTypeConfiguration<Entity.Category>
    {
        public CategoryMap()
        {
            ToTable( "Category" );

            HasKey( _field => _field.Id );

            Property( _field => _field.Title )
            .IsRequired();            
        }
    }

using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;

namespace DataAccess
{
    public interface IUnitOfWork
    {
        DbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;
        DbEntityEntry<TEntity> Entry<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;
        void SaveChanges();     
        void Dispose();
    }
}

[InheritedExport( typeof( IUnitOfWork ) )]
    public class DatabaseContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
        private DbTransaction transaction = null;

        public DatabaseContext()           
        {
            this.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;
            this.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = true;
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating( DbModelBuilder modelBuilder )
        {
            modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();

            modelBuilder.AddFormAssembly( Assembly.GetAssembly( typeof( Entity.Map.CategoryMap ) ) );
        }

        public DbEntityEntry<TEntity> Entry<TEntity>() where TEntity : class
        {
            return this.Entry<TEntity>();
        }      
    }

 public static class ModelBuilderExtension
    {
        public static void AddFormAssembly( this DbModelBuilder modelBuilder, Assembly assembly )
        {
            Array.ForEach<Type>( assembly.GetTypes().Where( type => type.BaseType != null && type.BaseType.IsGenericType && type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof( EntityTypeConfiguration<> ) ).ToArray(), delegate( Type type )
            {
                dynamic instance = Activator.CreateInstance( type );
                modelBuilder.Configurations.Add( instance );
            } );
        }
    }

public class BusinessBase<TEntity> where TEntity : class
    {        
        public BusinessBase( IUnitOfWork unitOfWork )
        {
            this.UnitOfWork = unitOfWork;
        }

        [Import]
        public IUnitOfWork UnitOfWork
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> GetAll()
        {
            return UnitOfWork.Set<TEntity>().AsNoTracking();
        }

        public virtual void Add( TEntity entity )
        {
            try
            {             
                UnitOfWork.Set<TEntity>().Add( entity );
                UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
            }
            catch
            {              
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                UnitOfWork.Dispose();
            }
        }
    }

 public class Category : BusinessBase<Entity.Category>
    {      
        [ImportingConstructor]
        public Category( [Import( typeof( IUnitOfWork ) )] IUnitOfWork unitOfWork )
            : base( unitOfWork )
        {
        }
    }

public class Plugin
    {        
        public void Run()
        {
            AggregateCatalog catalog = new AggregateCatalog();

            Container = new CompositionContainer( catalog );

            CompositionBatch batch = new CompositionBatch();

            catalog.Catalogs.Add( new AssemblyCatalog( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly() ) );

            batch.AddPart( this );

            Container.Compose( batch );
        }

        public CompositionContainer Container 
        {
            get; 
            private set;
        }
    }

  class Program
    {
        static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            Plugin plugin = new Plugin();
            plugin.Run();

            Category category = new Category(plugin.Container.GetExportedValue<IUnitOfWork>());
            category.GetAll().ToList().ForEach( _record => Console.Write( _record.Title ) );
        }
    }

[Route("[controller]")]
public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
{
    private static readonly string[] Summaries =
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy",
        "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching",
    };

    // /WeatherForecast/GetForecast2?from=1&to=3
    [HttpGet("[action]")]
    public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast2(Duration days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }
}

public class Duration
{
    public int From { get; set; }
    public int To { get; set; }
}

public class WeatherForecast
{
    public DateOnly Date { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);

    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

// /WeatherForecast/GetForecast3/1-3
[HttpGet("[action]/{days}")]
public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast3(Days days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;

namespace NET7Mvc.Models;

public class Days : IParsable<Days>
{
    public Days(int from, int to)
    {
        From = from;
        To = to;
    }

    public int From { get; }
    public int To { get; }

    public static bool TryParse([NotNullWhen(true)] string? value,
                                IFormatProvider? provider,
                                [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out Days result)
    {
        var items = value?.Split('-', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        if (items is { Length: 2 })
        {
            if (int.TryParse(items[0], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var from)
                && int.TryParse(items[1], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var to))
            {
                result = new Days(from, to);
                return true;
            }
        }

        result = default;
        return false;
    }

    public static Days Parse(string value, IFormatProvider? provider)
    {
        if (!TryParse(value, provider, out var result))
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Could not parse the given value.", nameof(value));
        }

        return result;
    }
}