namespace CS8Tests;

public class InterceptorsSample
{
    public string GetText(string text)
    {
        return $"{text}, World!";
    }
}

namespace System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
public sealed class InterceptsLocationAttribute : Attribute
{
    public InterceptsLocationAttribute(string filePath, int line, int character)
    {
    }
}

using CS8Tests;

var example = new InterceptorsSample();
var text = example.GetText("Hello");
Console.WriteLine(text); //Hello, World!

using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace CS8Tests;

public static class MyInterceptor
{
    [InterceptsLocation("C:\\Path\\To\\CS8Tests\\Program.cs", 4, 20)] 
    public static string InterceptorMethod(this InterceptorsSample example, string text)
    {
        return $"{text}, DNT!";
    }
}

 error CS9137: The 'interceptors' experimental feature is not enabled in this namespace. Add
'<InterceptorsPreviewNamespaces>$(InterceptorsPreviewNamespaces);CS8Tests</InterceptorsPreviewNamespaces>'
to your project.

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <!--<NoWarn>Test001</NoWarn>-->
    <InterceptorsPreviewNamespaces>$(InterceptorsPreviewNamespaces);CS8Tests</InterceptorsPreviewNamespaces>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

Hello, DNT!

using CS8Tests;
using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

[CompilerGenerated]
internal class Program
{
  private static void <Main>$(string[] args)
  {
    Console.WriteLine(new InterceptorsSample().InterceptorMethod("Hello"));
  }

  public Program()
  {
    base..ctor();
  }
}

app.MapGet("/products", handler: (int? page, int? pageLength, MyDb db) => { ... })

var integerArray = new int[3];
var lastItem = integerArray[integerArray.Length - 1];

var integerList = integerArray.ToList();
integerList.Last();

var secondToLast = integerArray[integerArray.Length - 2];

var lastItem = integerArray[^1];

var words = new string[]
{
                // index from start    index from end
    "The",      // 0                   ^9
    "quick",    // 1                   ^8
    "brown",    // 2                   ^7
    "fox",      // 3                   ^6
    "jumped",   // 4                   ^5
    "over",     // 5                   ^4
    "the",      // 6                   ^3
    "lazy",     // 7                   ^2
    "dog"       // 8                   ^1
};              // 9 (or words.Length) ^0

Console.WriteLine($"The last word is {words[words.Length - 1]}");

var index = new Index(value: 1, fromEnd: true);
Index indexStruct = ^1;
var indexShortHand = ^1;

int[] a = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
Console.WriteLine(a[a.Length – 2]); // will write 8 on console.
Console.WriteLine(a[^2]); // will write 8 on console.

Index i5 = 5;
Console.WriteLine(a[i5]);        //will write 5 on console.

Index i2fromEnd = ^2;
Console.WriteLine(a[i2fromEnd]); // will write 8 on console.

var numbers = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).ToArray();

var (start, end) = (1, 7); 
var length = end - start; 

// Using LINQ 
var subset1 = numbers.Skip(start).Take(length);
 
// Or using Array.Copy 
var subset2 = new int[length];
Array.Copy(numbers, start, subset2, 0, length);

var myArray = new string[] { "Item1", "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" };

 var fromIndexToX = myArray[1..3]; // = [Item2, Item3]

var fromIndexToXFromTheEnd = myArray[1..^1]; // = [ "Item2", "Item3", "Item4" ]

var fromAnIndexToTheEnd = myArray[1..]; // = [ "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" ]

 var fromTheStartToAnIndex = myArray[..3]; // = [ "Item1", "Item2", "Item3" ]

 var entireRange = myArray[..]; // = [ "Item1", "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" ]

var myArray = new string[] { "Item1", "Item2", "Item3", "Item4", "Item5" };
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
  Console.WriteLine(myArray[i]);
}

foreach (var item in myArray[1..4]) // = [ "Item2", "Item3", "Item4" ]
{
  Console.WriteLine(item);
}

using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly int[] _numbers = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).ToArray();

        static void Main()
        {
            var skip2CharactersAndTake2Characters = _numbers[2..4]; // صرفنظر کردن از دو عنصر اول و سپس انتخاب دو عنصر
            var skipFirstAndLastCharacter = _numbers[1..^1]; // صرفنظر کردن از دو عنصر اول و آخر
            var last3Characters = _numbers[^3..]; // انتخاب بازه‌ای شامل سه عنصر آخر
            var first4Characters = _numbers[0..4]; // دریافت بازه‌ای از 4 عنصر اول
            var rangeStartFrom2 = _numbers[2..]; // دریافت بازه‌ای شروع شده از المان دوم تا آخر
            var skipLast3Characters = _numbers[..^3]; // صرفنظر کردن از سه المان آخر
            var rangeAll = _numbers[..]; // انتخاب کل بازه
        }
    }
}

var range = new Range(1, 4);
Range rangeStruct = 1..4;
var rangeShortHand = 1..4;

using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly int[] _numbers = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).ToArray();
        static void Print(Range range) => Console.WriteLine($"{range} => {string.Join(", ", _numbers[range])}");

        static void Main()
        {
            Print(1..3); // 1..3 => 2, 3
            Print(..3);      // 0..3 => 1, 2, 3
            Print(3..);      // 3..^0 => 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
            Print(1..^1);    // 1..^1 => 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
            Print(^2..^1);   // ^2..^1 => 9
        }
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("123456789"[1..4]); // Would output 234

var helloWorldStr = "Hello, World!";

var hello = helloWorldStr[..5];
Console.WriteLine(hello); // Output: Hello

var world = helloWorldStr[7..];
Console.WriteLine(world); // Output: World!

var world2 = helloWorldStr[^6..]; // Take the last 6 characters
Console.WriteLine(world); // Output: World!

var arr = (new[] { 1, 4, 8, 11, 19, 31 }).AsSpan();
var range = arr[2..5];

ref int elt1 = ref range[1];
elt1 = -1;

int copiedElement = range[2];
copiedElement = -2;

Console.WriteLine($"range[1]: {range[1]}, range[2]: {range[2]}"); // output: range[1]: -1, range[2]: 19
Console.WriteLine($"arr[3]: {arr[3]}, arr[4]: {arr[4]}"); // output: arr[3]: -1, arr[4]: 19

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf.parser;

namespace TestReaders
{
    class Program
    {
        private static void readPdf1()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
               var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new SimpleTextExtractionStrategy());
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            readPdf1();
        }
    }
}

 Test
ld Wor llo He
Hello People

        private static void readPdf2()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
                var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new LocationTextExtractionStrategy());
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

 Test
Hello World
Hello People

        static void writePdf2()
        {
            using (var document = new Document(PageSize.A4))
            {
                var writer = PdfWriter.GetInstance(document, new FileStream("test.pdf", FileMode.Create));
                document.Open();

                FontFactory.Register("c:\\windows\\fonts\\tahoma.ttf");
                var tahoma = FontFactory.GetFont("tahoma", BaseFont.IDENTITY_H);

                ColumnText.ShowTextAligned(
                            canvas: writer.DirectContent,
                            alignment: Element.ALIGN_CENTER,
                            phrase: new Phrase("تست می‌شود", tahoma),
                            x: 100,
                            y: 100,
                            rotation: 0,
                            runDirection: PdfWriter.RUN_DIRECTION_RTL,
                            arabicOptions: 0);                
            }

            Process.Start("test.pdf");
        }

ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ ﺖﺴﺗ

        private static void readPdf2()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
                var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new LocationTextExtractionStrategy());                
                text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text));
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text, Encoding.UTF8);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

 ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣ ﺖﺴﺗ

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security;

namespace TestReaders
{
    [SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
    class GdiMethods
    {
        [DllImport("GDI32.dll")]
        public static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hgdiobj);

        [DllImport("gdi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern uint GetCharacterPlacement(IntPtr hdc, string lpString, int nCount, int nMaxExtent, [In, Out] ref GcpResults lpResults, uint dwFlags);

        [DllImport("GDI32.dll")]
        public static extern IntPtr SelectObject(IntPtr hdc, IntPtr hgdiobj);
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct GcpResults
    {
        public uint lStructSize;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
        public string lpOutString;
        public IntPtr lpOrder;
        public IntPtr lpDx;
        public IntPtr lpCaretPos;
        public IntPtr lpClass;
        public IntPtr lpGlyphs;
        public uint nGlyphs;
        public int nMaxFit;
    }

    public class UnicodeCharacterPlacement
    {
        const int GcpReorder = 0x0002;
        GCHandle _caretPosHandle;
        GCHandle _classHandle;
        GCHandle _dxHandle;
        GCHandle _glyphsHandle;
        GCHandle _orderHandle;

        public Font Font { set; get; }

        public string Apply(string lines)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lines))
                return string.Empty;

            return Apply(lines.Split('\n')).Aggregate((s1, s2) => s1 + s2);
        }

        public IEnumerable<string> Apply(IEnumerable<string> lines)
        {
            if (Font == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("Font is null.");

            if (!hasUnicodeText(lines))
                return lines;

            var graphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(IntPtr.Zero);
            var hdc = graphics.GetHdc();
            try
            {
                var font = (Font)Font.Clone();
                var hFont = font.ToHfont();
                var fontObject = GdiMethods.SelectObject(hdc, hFont);
                try
                {
                    var results = new List<string>();
                    foreach (var line in lines)
                        results.Add(modifyCharactersPlacement(line, hdc));
                    return results;
                }
                finally
                {
                    GdiMethods.DeleteObject(fontObject);
                    GdiMethods.DeleteObject(hFont);
                    font.Dispose();
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                graphics.ReleaseHdc(hdc);
                graphics.Dispose();
            }
        }

        void freeResources()
        {
            _orderHandle.Free();
            _dxHandle.Free();
            _caretPosHandle.Free();
            _classHandle.Free();
            _glyphsHandle.Free();
        }

        static bool hasUnicodeText(IEnumerable<string> lines)
        {
            return lines.Any(line => line.Any(chr => chr >= '\u00FF'));
        }

        void initializeResources(int textLength)
        {
            _orderHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new int[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _dxHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new int[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _caretPosHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new int[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _classHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new byte[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
            _glyphsHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(new short[textLength], GCHandleType.Pinned);
        }

        string modifyCharactersPlacement(string text, IntPtr hdc)
        {
            var textLength = text.Length;
            initializeResources(textLength);
            try
            {
                var gcpResult = new GcpResults
                {
                    lStructSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(GcpResults)),
                    lpOutString = new String('\0', textLength),
                    lpOrder = _orderHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpDx = _dxHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpCaretPos = _caretPosHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpClass = _classHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    lpGlyphs = _glyphsHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),
                    nGlyphs = (uint)textLength,
                    nMaxFit = 0
                };
                var result = GdiMethods.GetCharacterPlacement(hdc, text, textLength, 0, ref gcpResult, GcpReorder);
                return result != 0 ? gcpResult.lpOutString : text;
            }
            finally
            {
                freeResources();
            }
        }
    }
}

        private static void readPdf2()
        {
            var reader = new PdfReader("test.pdf");
            int intPageNum = reader.NumberOfPages;
            for (int i = 1; i <= intPageNum; i++)
            {
                var text = PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i, new LocationTextExtractionStrategy());
                text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text));
                text = new UnicodeCharacterPlacement
                {
                    Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 12)
                }.Apply(text);
                File.WriteAllText("page-" + i + "-text.txt", text, Encoding.UTF8);
            }
            reader.Close();
        }

> create-react-app sample-04
> cd sample-04
> npm start

> npm install --save bootstrap

import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css";

import React, { Component } from 'react';

import React, { Component } from "react";

class Counter extends Component {
  render() {
    return <h1>Hello world!</h1>;
  }
}

export default Counter;

import Counter from "./components/counter";

 ReactDOM.render(<Counter />, document.getElementById("root"));

  render() {
    return <h1>Hello world!</h1><button>Increment</button>;
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h1>Hello world!</h1>
        <button>Increment</button>
      </div>
    );

return ;
  <div></div>

return (
  <div></div>
);

    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <h1>Hello world!</h1>
        <button>Increment</button>
      </React.Fragment>
    );

import React, { Component } from "react";

class Counter extends Component {
  state = {
    count: 0
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <span>{this.state.count}</span>
        <button>Increment</button>
      </React.Fragment>
    );
  }
}

export default Counter;

import React, { Component } from "react";

class Counter extends Component {
  state = {
    count: 0
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <span>{this.formatCount()}</span>
        <button>Increment</button>
      </React.Fragment>
    );
  }

  formatCount() {
    const { count } = this.state; // Object Destructuring
    return count === 0 ? "Zero" : count;
  }
}

export default Counter;

  formatCount() {
    const { count } = this.state; // Object Destructuring
    return count === 0 ? <h1>Zero</h1> : count;
  }

  state = {
    count: 0,
    imageUrl: "/logo192.png"
  };

  render() {
    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <img src={this.state.imageUrl} alt="" />
        <span>{this.formatCount()}</span>
        <button>Increment</button>
      </React.Fragment>
    );
  }

    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <img src={this.state.imageUrl} alt="" />
        <span className="badge badge-primary m-2">{this.formatCount()}</span>
        <button className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">Increment</button>
      </React.Fragment>
    );

  styles = {
    fontSize: 50,
    fontWeight: "bold"
  };

    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <img src={this.state.imageUrl} alt="" />
        <span style={this.styles} className="badge badge-primary m-2">
          {this.formatCount()}
        </span>
        <button className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">Increment</button>
      </React.Fragment>
    );

<button style={{ fontSize: 30 }} className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">

  render() {
    let classes = "badge m-2 badge-";
    classes += this.state.count === 0 ? "warning" : "primary";

    return (
      <React.Fragment>
        <img src={this.state.imageUrl} alt="" />
        <span style={this.styles} className={classes}>
          {this.formatCount()}
        </span>
        <button style={{ fontSize: 30 }} className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">
          Increment
        </button>
      </React.Fragment>
    );

  render() {
    let classes = this.getBadgeClasses();
    // ...
  }

  getBadgeClasses() {
    let classes = "badge m-2 badge-";
    classes += this.state.count === 0 ? "warning" : "primary";
    return classes;
  }

<span style={this.styles} className={this.getBadgeClasses()}>

        jQuery(document).ready(function () {
            $("#TextBox1").TickTack();
            $("#TextBox2").TickTack({
                 initialTime: '8:44',
                minHour: 8,
                minMinute: 0,
                maxHour: 22,
                maxMinute: 40
            });
        });