public enum Rainbow
    {
        Red,
        Orange,
        Yellow,
        Green,
        Blue,
        Indigo,
        Violet
    }

    class RGBColor
    {
        internal byte Red { get; }
        internal byte Green { get; }
        internal byte Blue { get; }

        internal RGBColor(byte red, byte green, byte blue)
        {
            Red = red;
            Green = green;
            Blue = blue;
        }

        public override string ToString() => $"rgb({Red}, {Green}, {Blue})";
    }

        internal static RGBColor FromRainbow(Rainbow rainbowBolor)
        {
            switch (rainbowBolor)
            {
                case Rainbow.Red:
                    return new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Orange:
                    return new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Yellow:
                    return new RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Green:
                    return new RGBColor(0x00, 0xFF, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Blue:
                    return new RGBColor(0x00, 0x00, 0xFF);
                case Rainbow.Indigo:
                    return new RGBColor(0x4B, 0x00, 0x82);
                case Rainbow.Violet:
                    return new RGBColor(0x94, 0x00, 0xD3);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentException(message: "invalid enum value", paramName: nameof(rainbowBolor));
            };
        }

        internal static RGBColor TasteTheRainbow(Rainbow rainbowColor) =>
            rainbowColor switch
        {
            Rainbow.Red => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Orange => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Yellow => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Green => new RGBColor(0x00, 0xFF, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Blue => new RGBColor(0x00, 0x00, 0xFF),
            Rainbow.Indigo => new RGBColor(0x4B, 0x00, 0x82),
            Rainbow.Violet => new RGBColor(0x94, 0x00, 0xD3),
            _ => throw new ArgumentException(message: "invalid enum value", paramName: nameof(rainbowColor)),
        };

var operation = "+";
int a = 1, b = 2;
var result = operation switch
{
   "+" => a + b,
   "-" => a - b,
   "/" => a / b,
     _ => throw new NotSupportedException()
};

    class Address
    {
        public string AddressLine1 { get; set; }
        public string AddressLine2 { get; set; }
        public string City { get; set; }
        public string State { get; set; }
        public string PostalCode { get; set; }
        public string CountryRegion { get; set; }
    }

    static class PropertyPatterns
    {
        internal static decimal ComputeSalesTax(
            Address location,
            decimal salePrice) =>
            location switch
        {
            { State: "Fars" } => salePrice * 0.06m,
            { State: "Tehran", City: "Tehran" } => salePrice * 0.056m,

            // Other cases removed for brevity...
            _ => 0M
        };
    }

    static class TuplePatterns
    {
        internal static string RockPaperScissors(
            string first,
            string second)
            => (first, second) switch
        {
            ("rock", "paper") => "Rock is covered by Paper. Paper wins!",
            ("rock", "scissors") => "Rock breaks Scissors. Rock wins!",
            ("paper", "rock") => "Paper covers Rock. Paper wins!",
            ("paper", "scissors") => "Paper is cut by Scissors. Scissors wins!",
            ("scissors", "rock") => "Scissors is broken by Rock. Rock wins!",
            ("scissors", "paper") => "Scissors cuts Paper. Scissors wins!",
            (_, _) => "tie"
        };
    }

    class Shape
    {
        protected internal double Height { get; }
        protected internal double Length { get; }

        protected Shape(double height = 0, double length = 0)
        {
            Height = height;
            Length = length;
        }
    }

    class Circle : Shape
    {
        internal double Radius => Height / 2;
        internal double Diameter => Radius * 2;
        internal double Circumference => 2 * Math.PI * Radius;

        internal Circle(double height = 10, double length = 10)
            : base(height, length) { }
    }

    class Rectangle : Shape
    {
        internal bool IsSquare => Height == Length;

        internal Rectangle(double height = 10, double length = 10)
            : base(height, length) { }
    }

    static class ObjectPatterns
    {
        internal static string ShapeDetails(this Shape shape)
            => shape switch
        {
            Circle c => $"circle with (C): {c.Circumference}",
            Rectangle s when s.IsSquare => $"L:{s.Length} H:{s.Height}, square",
            Rectangle r => $"L:{r.Length} H:{r.Height}, rectangle",
            _ => "Unknown shape!" // Discard
        };
    }

    class Point
    {
        public int X { get; }

        public int Y { get; }

        public Point(int x, int y) => (X, Y) = (x, y);

        public void Deconstruct(out int x, out int y) => (x, y) = (X, Y);
    }

    enum Quadrant
    {
        Unknown,
        Origin,
        One,
        Two,
        Three,
        Four,
        OnBorder
    }

    static class PositionalPatterns
    {
        internal static Quadrant AsQuadrant(Point point) => point switch
        {
            (0, 0) => Quadrant.Origin,
            var (x, y) when x > 0 && y > 0 => Quadrant.One,
            var (x, y) when x < 0 && y > 0 => Quadrant.Two,
            var (x, y) when x < 0 && y < 0 => Quadrant.Three,
            var (x, y) when x > 0 && y < 0 => Quadrant.Four,
            (_, _) => Quadrant.OnBorder, // Either are 0, but not both
            _ => Quadrant.Unknown
        };
    }

dataObj.users.vahid.email = "info@vmt.ir";

with(dataObj.users.vahid) {
  email = "info@vmt.ir";
}

usersCount = 1;        // Global
var groupsCount = 2;   // Global

(function(){              
  pagesCount = 3;      // Global
  var postsCount = 4;  // Local
})()

outerScope = true
do ->
  innerScope = true

var outerScope;
outerScope = true;
(function() {
  var innerScope;
  return innerScope = true;
})();

package = require('./package')

class Test
  build: ->
    # Overwrites outer variable!
    package = @testPackage.compile()

  testPackage: ->
    package.create()

  class window.Asset
    constructor: ->

function() {}
(window.options || {}).property

function() {}(window.options || {}).property

1. اگر از JWE استفاده نمی‌کنید، بهتر است اطلاعات حساسی مانند شماره تلفن کاربر (و شاید در مواردی حتی آیدی کاربر) را در بدنه توکن قرار ندهیم چرا که قابل خوانده شدن است (که در این صورت استفاده از Guid برای آیدی کاربر می تواند کمی مفید باشد چرا که حداقل آیدی بقیه کاربران قابل پیش بینی نمی‌باشد).
   
2. توکن JWT هیچ امنیتی در برابر خوانده شدن ندارد؛ ولی به لطف امضای (signature) آن، در برابر تغییر محتوا، ایمن است؛ چرا که در صورت تغییر محتوای آن، دیگر مقدار hash محتوا با امضای آن همخوانی نداشته و عملا از اعتبار ساقط می‌گردد.

var secretKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("LongerThan-16Char-SecretKey"); // must be 16 character or longer 
var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(new SymmetricSecurityKey(secretKey), SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature);

var encryptionkey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("16CharEncryptKey"); //must be 16 character
var encryptingCredentials = new EncryptingCredentials(new SymmetricSecurityKey(encryptionkey), SecurityAlgorithms.Aes128KW, SecurityAlgorithms.Aes128CbcHmacSha256);

var claims = new List<Claim>
{
   new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "UserName"), //user.UserName
   new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, "123"), //user.Id
};

var descriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
   Issuer = _siteSetting.JwtSettings.Issuer,
   Audience = _siteSetting.JwtSettings.Audience,
   IssuedAt = DateTime.Now,
   NotBefore = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(_siteSetting.JwtSettings.NotBeforeMinutes),
   Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(_siteSetting.JwtSettings.ExpirationMinutes),
   SigningCredentials = signingCredentials,
   EncryptingCredentials = encryptingCredentials,
   Subject = new ClaimsIdentity(claims)
};

var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(descriptor);
string encryptedJwt = tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken);

services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options =>
{
   var secretkey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("LongerThan-16Char-SecretKey");
   var encryptionkey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("16CharEncryptKey");

   var validationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
   {
      ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero, // default: 5 min
      RequireSignedTokens = true,

      ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
      IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(secretkey),

      RequireExpirationTime = true,
      ValidateLifetime = true,

      ValidateAudience = true, //default : false
      ValidAudience = "MyWebsite",

      ValidateIssuer = true, //default : false
      ValidIssuer = "MyWebsite",

      TokenDecryptionKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(encryptionkey)
   };

   options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
   options.SaveToken = true;
   options.TokenValidationParameters = validationParameters;
});

{
  "alg": "A128KW",
  "enc": "A128CBC-HS256",
  "typ": "JWT"
}

namespace System
{
    public interface IServiceProvider
    {
        object GetService(Type serviceType);
    }
}

using System;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;

namespace CoreIocServices
{
    public interface IProductService
    {
        void Delete(int id);
    }

    public class ProductService : IProductService
    {
        private readonly ITestService _testService;
        private readonly ILogger<ProductService> _logger;

        public ProductService(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            _testService = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ITestService>();
            _logger = serviceProvider.GetService<ILogger<ProductService>>() ?? NullLogger<ProductService>.Instance;
        }

        public void Delete(int id)
        {
            _testService.Run();
            _logger.LogInformation($"Deleted a product with id = {id}");
        }
    }
}

namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
{
    public static class ServiceProviderServiceExtensions
    {
        public static T GetRequiredService<T>(this IServiceProvider provider);
        public static T GetService<T>(this IServiceProvider provider);
    }
}

 $.get('http://site-url', function(data) {
//این تابع پس از پایان کار عملیات ای‌جکسی در آینده فراخوانی خواهد شد
});

$.get('http://site-url/0', function(data0) {
    // callback #1
    $.get('http://site-url/1', function(data1) {
        // callback #2
        $.post('http://site-url/2', function(data2) {
            // callback #3
        });
    });
});

// returns a promise
$.get('http://site-url/0')    
.then(function(data) {
    // callback 1
    // returns a promise
    return $.get('http://site-url/1');   
})
.then(function(data) {
    // callback 2
    // returns a promise
    return $.post('http://site-url/2');
})
.then(function(data) {
    // callback 3
});

 Q.fcall(callback1)
.then(callback2);

Q.fcall(function() {
    return $.get('http://my-url');
})
.then(callback3);

function waitForClick() {
    var deferred = Q.defer();

$('#okButton').click(function() {
        deferred.resolve();
    });

$('#cancelButton').click(function() {
        deferred.reject();
    });

return deferred.promise;
}

Q.fcall(waitForClick)
.then(function() {
    //  ok button was clicked
}, function() {
    //  cancel button was clicked
});

 Q.fcall(myFunction1)
.then(success1)
.then(success2, failure1);

var app = angular.module("myApp", []);
app.factory('dataSvc', function($http, $q){
  var basePath="api/books";
  getAllBooks = function(){
   var deferred = $q.defer();
 $http.get(basePath).success(function(data){
    deferred.resolve(data);
   }).error(function(err){
    deferred.reject("service failed!");
   });
   return deferred.promise;
  };
 
  return{
   getAllBooks:getAllBooks
  };
});
 
app.controller('HomeController', function($scope, $window, dataSvc){
 function initialize(){
   dataSvc.getAllBooks().then(function(data){
    $scope.books = data;
   }, function(msg){
    $window.alert(msg);
   });
 }
 
 initialize();
});

if (window.Promise) { // Check if the browser supports Promises
 var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
  //asynchronous code goes here
 });
}

if (window.Promise) {
 console.log('Promise found');
 
 var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
      // async
  if (result) {
   resolve(data);
  } else {
   reject('error');
  }  
 });
 
 promise.then(function(data) {
  console.log('Promise fulfilled.');
 }, function(error) {
  console.log('Promise rejected.');
 });
} else {
 console.log('Promise not available');
}

PM> install-package AutoMapper
PM> install-package EntityFramework

public class BlogPost
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Content { get; set; }
 
    [ForeignKey("UserId")]
    public virtual User User { get; set; }
    public int UserId { get; set; }
}

public class User
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
 
    public virtual ICollection<BlogPost> BlogPosts { get; set; }
}

public class UserViewModel
{
    public int Id { set; get; }
    public string Name { set; get; }
 
    public ICollection<BlogPost> BlogPosts { get; set; }
}

public class TestProfile : Profile
{
    protected override void Configure()
    {
        this.CreateMap<User, UserViewModel>();
    }
 
    public override string ProfileName
    {
        get { return this.GetType().Name; }
    }
}

Mapper.Initialize(cfg => // In Application_Start()
{
    cfg.AddProfile<TestProfile>();
});

using (var context = new MyContext())
{
    var user1 = context.Users.FirstOrDefault();
    if (user1 != null)
    {
        var uiUser = new UserViewModel();
        Mapper.Map(source: user1, destination: uiUser);
 
        Console.WriteLine(uiUser.Name);
        foreach (var post in uiUser.BlogPosts)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(post.Title);
        }
    }
}

 var user1 = context.Users.Include(user => user.BlogPosts).FirstOrDefault();

 var uiUser = context.Users.Project().To<UserViewModel>().FirstOrDefault();