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using System;

public class ControlChars
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      int charsWritten = 0;

      for (int ctr = 0x00; ctr <= 0xFFFF; ctr++)
      {
         char ch = Convert.ToChar(ctr);
         if (char.IsControl(ch))
         {
            Console.Write(@"\U{0:X4}    ", ctr);
            charsWritten++;
            if (charsWritten % 6 == 0)
               Console.WriteLine();
         }     
      }  
   }
}
// The example displays the following output to the console: 
//       \U0000    \U0001    \U0002    \U0003    \U0004    \U0005 
//       \U0006    \U0007    \U0008    \U0009    \U000A    \U000B 
//       \U000C    \U000D    \U000E    \U000F    \U0010    \U0011 
//       \U0012    \U0013    \U0014    \U0015    \U0016    \U0017 
//       \U0018    \U0019    \U001A    \U001B    \U001C    \U001D 
//       \U001E    \U001F    \U007F    \U0080    \U0081    \U0082 
//       \U0083    \U0084    \U0085    \U0086    \U0087    \U0088 
//       \U0089    \U008A    \U008B    \U008C    \U008D    \U008E 
//       \U008F    \U0090    \U0091    \U0092    \U0093    \U0094 
//       \U0095    \U0096    \U0097    \U0098    \U0099    \U009A 
//       \U009B    \U009C    \U009D    \U009E    \U009F

PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Samples -Pre

public class EmailService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your email service here to send an email.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

public class SmsService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Plug in your sms service here to send a text message.
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

public class ApplicationDbInitializer 
    : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<ApplicationDbContext> 
{
    protected override void Seed(ApplicationDbContext context) {
        InitializeIdentityForEF(context);
        base.Seed(context);
    }

    //Create User=Admin@Admin.com with password=Admin@123456 in the Admin role        
    public static void InitializeIdentityForEF(ApplicationDbContext db) 
    {
        var userManager = 
           HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();
        
        var roleManager = 
            HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();

        const string name = "admin@admin.com";
        const string password = "Admin@123456";
        const string roleName = "Admin";

        //Create Role Admin if it does not exist
        var role = roleManager.FindByName(roleName);

        if (role == null) {
            role = new IdentityRole(roleName);
            var roleresult = roleManager.Create(role);
        }

        var user = userManager.FindByName(name);

        if (user == null) {
            user = new ApplicationUser { UserName = name, Email = name };
            var result = userManager.Create(user, password);
            result = userManager.SetLockoutEnabled(user.Id, false);
        }

        // Add user admin to Role Admin if not already added
        var rolesForUser = userManager.GetRoles(user.Id);

        if (!rolesForUser.Contains(role.Name)) {
            var result = userManager.AddToRole(user.Id, role.Name);
        }
    }
}

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel model)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        var user = new ApplicationUser { UserName = model.Email, Email = model.Email };
        var result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);

        if (result.Succeeded)
        {
            var code = await UserManager.GenerateEmailConfirmationTokenAsync(user.Id);

            var callbackUrl = Url.Action(
                "ConfirmEmail", 
                "Account", 
                new { userId = user.Id, code = code }, 
                protocol: Request.Url.Scheme);

            await UserManager.SendEmailAsync(
                user.Id, 
                "Confirm your account", 
                "Please confirm your account by clicking this link: <a href=\"" 
                + callbackUrl + "\">link</a>");

            ViewBag.Link = callbackUrl;

            return View("DisplayEmail");
        }
        AddErrors(result);
    }

    // If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
    return View(model);
}

public static ApplicationUserManager Create(
    IdentityFactoryOptions<ApplicationUserManager> options, 
    IOwinContext context)
{
    var manager = new ApplicationUserManager(
        new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(
            context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));

    // Configure validation logic for usernames
    manager.UserValidator = new UserValidator<ApplicationUser>(manager)
    {
        AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false,
        RequireUniqueEmail = true
    };

    // Configure validation logic for passwords
    manager.PasswordValidator = new PasswordValidator
    {
        RequiredLength = 6, 
        RequireNonLetterOrDigit = true,
        RequireDigit = true,
        RequireLowercase = true,
        RequireUppercase = true,
    };

    // Configure user lockout defaults
    manager.UserLockoutEnabledByDefault = true;
    manager.DefaultAccountLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
    manager.MaxFailedAccessAttemptsBeforeLockout = 5;

    // Register two factor authentication providers. This application 
    // uses Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying the user
    // You can write your own provider and plug in here.
    manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider(
        "PhoneCode", 
        new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
    {
        MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
    });

    manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider(
        "EmailCode", 
        new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
    {
        Subject = "SecurityCode",
        BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
    });

    manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
    manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

    var dataProtectionProvider = options.DataProtectionProvider;

    if (dataProtectionProvider != null)
    {
        manager.UserTokenProvider = 
            new DataProtectorTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>(
                dataProtectionProvider.Create("ASP.NET Identity"));
    }

    return manager;
}

manager.EmailService = new EmailService();
manager.SmsService = new SmsService();

// Register two factor authentication providers. This application 
// uses Phone and Emails as a step of receiving a code for verifying the user
// You can write your own provider and plug in here.
manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider(
    "PhoneCode", 
    new PhoneNumberTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
{
    MessageFormat = "Your security code is: {0}"
});

manager.RegisterTwoFactorProvider(
    "EmailCode", 
    new EmailTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>
    {
        Subject = "SecurityCode",
        BodyFormat = "Your security code is {0}"
    });

public class EmailService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Credentials:
        var credentialUserName = "yourAccount@outlook.com";
        var sentFrom = "yourAccount@outlook.com";
        var pwd = "yourApssword";

        // Configure the client:
        System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient client = 
            new System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient("smtp-mail.outlook.com");

        client.Port = 587;
        client.DeliveryMethod = System.Net.Mail.SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network;
        client.UseDefaultCredentials = false;

        // Creatte the credentials:
        System.Net.NetworkCredential credentials = 
            new System.Net.NetworkCredential(credentialUserName, pwd);

        client.EnableSsl = true;
        client.Credentials = credentials;

        // Create the message:
        var mail = 
            new System.Net.Mail.MailMessage(sentFrom, message.Destination);

        mail.Subject = message.Subject;
        mail.Body = message.Body;

        // Send:
        return client.SendMailAsync(mail);
    }
}

public class EmailService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        // Credentials:
        var sendGridUserName = "yourSendGridUserName";
        var sentFrom = "whateverEmailAdressYouWant";
        var sendGridPassword = "YourSendGridPassword";

        // Configure the client:
        var client = 
            new System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient("smtp.sendgrid.net", Convert.ToInt32(587));

        client.Port = 587;
        client.DeliveryMethod = System.Net.Mail.SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network;
        client.UseDefaultCredentials = false;

        // Creatte the credentials:
        System.Net.NetworkCredential credentials = 
            new System.Net.NetworkCredential(credentialUserName, pwd);

        client.EnableSsl = true;
        client.Credentials = credentials;

        // Create the message:
        var mail = 
            new System.Net.Mail.MailMessage(sentFrom, message.Destination);

        mail.Subject = message.Subject;
        mail.Body = message.Body;

        // Send:
        return client.SendMailAsync(mail);
    }
}

PM> Install-Package Twilio

public class SmsService : IIdentityMessageService
{
    public Task SendAsync(IdentityMessage message)
    {
        string AccountSid = "YourTwilioAccountSID";
        string AuthToken = "YourTwilioAuthToken";
        string twilioPhoneNumber = "YourTwilioPhoneNumber";

        var twilio = new TwilioRestClient(AccountSid, AuthToken);

        twilio.SendSmsMessage(twilioPhoneNumber, message.Destination, message.Body); 

        // Twilio does not return an async Task, so we need this:
        return Task.FromResult(0);
    }
}

if (result.Succeeded)
{
    var code = await UserManager.GenerateEmailConfirmationTokenAsync(user.Id);
    var callbackUrl = 
        Url.Action("ConfirmEmail", "Account", 
            new { userId = user.Id, code = code }, protocol: Request.Url.Scheme);

    await UserManager.SendEmailAsync(user.Id, "Confirm your account", 
        "Please confirm your account by clicking this link: <a href=\"" + callbackUrl + "\">link</a>");

    // This should not be deployed in production:
    ViewBag.Link = callbackUrl;

    return View("DisplayEmail");
}

AddErrors(result);

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "DEMO purpose Email Link";
}

<h2>@ViewBag.Title.</h2>

<p class="text-info">
    Please check your email and confirm your email address.
</p>

<p class="text-danger">
    For DEMO only: You can click this link to confirm the email: <a href="@ViewBag.Link">link</a>
    Please change this code to register an email service in IdentityConfig to send an email.
</p>

[AllowAnonymous]
public async Task<ActionResult> VerifyCode(string provider, string returnUrl)
{
    // Require that the user has already logged in via username/password or external login
    if (!await SignInHelper.HasBeenVerified())
    {
        return View("Error");
    }

    var user = 
        await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(await SignInHelper.GetVerifiedUserIdAsync());

    if (user != null)
    {
        ViewBag.Status = 
            "For DEMO purposes the current " 
            + provider 
            + " code is: " 
            + await UserManager.GenerateTwoFactorTokenAsync(user.Id, provider);
    }

    return View(new VerifyCodeViewModel { Provider = provider, ReturnUrl = returnUrl });
}

@model IdentitySample.Models.VerifyCodeViewModel

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Enter Verification Code";
}

<h2>@ViewBag.Title.</h2>

@using (Html.BeginForm("VerifyCode", "Account", new { ReturnUrl = Model.ReturnUrl }, FormMethod.Post, new { @class = "form-horizontal", role = "form" })) {
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    @Html.ValidationSummary("", new { @class = "text-danger" })
    @Html.Hidden("provider", @Model.Provider)
    <h4>@ViewBag.Status</h4>
    <hr />

    <div class="form-group">
        @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Code, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
        <div class="col-md-10">
            @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Code, new { @class = "form-control" })
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
            <div class="checkbox">
                @Html.CheckBoxFor(m => m.RememberBrowser)
                @Html.LabelFor(m => m.RememberBrowser)
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="Submit" />
        </div>
    </div>
}

        public ActionResult RenderResults(string param1)
        {
            var users = new[]
            {
                new User{ Id = 1, Name = "Test 1", Rating = 3},
                new User{ Id = 2, Name = "Test 2", Rating = 4},
                new User{ Id = 3, Name = "Test 3", Rating = 5}
            };
            return PartialView("_RenderResults", model: users);
        }

@using RemotePopOver.Models
@model IList<User>

<ul id="ratings1" data-title="Ratings" class="list-unstyled">
    @foreach (var user in Model)
    {
        <li>
            @user.Name
            <span class="badge pull-right">@user.Rating</span>
        </li>
    }
</ul>

<span id="remotePopover1"
      aria-hidden="true"
      data-param1="test"
      data-popover-content-url="@Url.Action("RenderResults", "Home")"
      class="glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign btn btn-info"></span>

@section Scripts
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            $('body').on('mouseenter', 'span[data-popover-content-url]', function () {
                var el = $(this);
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: $(this).data("popover-content-url"),
                    data: JSON.stringify({ param1: $(this).data("param1") }),
                    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
                    dataType: "json",
                    // controller is returning a simple text, not json
                    complete: function (xhr, status) {
                        var data = xhr.responseText;
                        if (status === 'error' || !data) {
                            el.popover({
                                content: 'Error connecting server!',
                                trigger: 'focus',
                                html: true,
                                container: 'body',
                                placement: 'auto',
                                title: 'Error!'
                            }).popover('show');
                        }
                        else {
                            el.popover({
                                content: data,
                                trigger: 'focus',
                                html: true,
                                container: 'body',
                                placement: 'auto',
                                title: $('<html />').html(data).find('#ratings1:first').data('title')
                            }).popover('show');
                        }
                    }
                });
            }).on('mouseleave', 'span[data-popover-content-url]', function () {
                $(this).popover('hide');
            });
        });
    </script>
}

<button disabled="@_busy" Value="do-stuff" />
code{
private bool _busy = false;

public async Task Handler()
{
    if(_busy) return;
    _busy = true;
   try
   {
       // do your thing
   }
   finally
   {
       _busy = false;
   }
}
}

<EditForm Model="Model" OnValidSubmit="HandleValidSubmit">
    @ChildContent?.Invoke(context)
    <button disabled="@_busy">Submit</button>
</EditForm>

@code {
    private bool _busy;

    [Parameter]
    public object? Model { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<EditContext> OnValidSubmit { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment<EditContext>? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private async Task HandleValidSubmit(EditContext editContext)
    {
        if (_busy) return;

        _busy = true;

        try
        {
            await OnValidSubmit.InvokeAsync(editContext);
        }
        finally
        {
            _busy = false;
        }
    }
}

<HandleValidSubmitForm Model="_customer" OnValidSubmit="HandleValidSubmit">
    <InputText @bind-Value="_customer.FirstName" />
    <InputText @bind-Value="_customer.LastName" />
</HandleValidSubmitForm>

@code {
    private Customer _customer = new Customer();

    private async Task HandleValidSubmit()
    {
        // do your thing
    }

    public class Customer
    {
        public string? FirstName { get; set; }
        public string? LastName { get; set; }
    }
}