app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

    public static IApplicationBuilder UseMvcWithDefaultRoute(this IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
      if (app == null)
        throw new ArgumentNullException("app");
      return app.UseMvc((Action<IRouteBuilder>) (routes => routes.MapRoute("default", "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}")));
    }

 [Route("[controller]/[action]")]

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
  public class HomeController
  {
   public string Index()
   {
    return "Running a POCO controller!";
   }
  }
}

app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
  routes.MapRoute(
   name: "default",
   template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
  public class AboutController : Controller
  {
   public ActionResult Hello()
   {
    return Content("Hello from DNT!");
   }
 
   public ActionResult SiteName()
   {
    return Content("DNT");
   }
  }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
  [Route("About")]
  public class AboutController : Controller
  {
   [Route("")]
   public ActionResult Hello()
   {
    return Content("Hello from DNT!");
   }
 
   [Route("SiteName")]
   public ActionResult SiteName()
   {
    return Content("DNT");
   }
  }
}

 AmbiguousActionException: Multiple actions matched. The following actions matched route data and had all constraints satisfied:

Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers.AboutController.Hello (Core1RtmEmptyTest)
Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers.AboutController.SiteName (Core1RtmEmptyTest)

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.Controllers
{
  [Route("[controller]")]
  public class AboutController : Controller
  {
   [Route("")]
   public ActionResult Hello()
   {
    return Content("Hello from DNT!");
   }
 
   [Route("[action]")]
   public ActionResult SiteName()
   {
    return Content("DNT");
   }
  }
}

 [Route("api/[controller]")]

//[Route("/Users/{userid}")]
[Route("Users/{userid}")]
public IActionResult GetUsers(int userId)
{
    return Json(new { userId = userId });
}

[Route("/Users/{userid:int?}")]

 [Route("Users/{userid:int}")]

 [Route("/Users/{userid:int:max(1000):min(10)}")]

 [Route("/Users/{userid:int}", Name="GetUserById")]

 string uri = Url.Link("GetUserById", new { userid = 1 });

 [Route("/Users/{userid:int}", Name = "GetUserById", Order = 1)]

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing;
 
namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest
{
  public class CustomRouteConstraint : IRouteConstraint
  {
   public bool Match(HttpContext httpContext, IRouter route, string routeKey, RouteValueDictionary values,
    RouteDirection routeDirection)
   {
    object value;
    if (!values.TryGetValue(routeKey, out value) || value == null)
    {
      return false;
    }
 
    long longValue;
    if (value is long)
    {
      longValue = (long)value;
      return longValue != 10;
    }
 
    var valueString = Convert.ToString(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
    if (long.TryParse(valueString, NumberStyles.Integer,
      CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out longValue))
    {
      return longValue != 10;
    }
    return false;
   }
  }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddRouting(options =>options.ConstraintMap.Add("Custom", typeof(CustomRouteConstraint)));

 [Route("/Users/{userid:int:custom}")]

app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
  routes.MapRoute(
   name: "default",
   template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
 
  routes.MapRoute(
   name: "spa-fallback",
   template: "{*url}",
   defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
});

{
    "dependencies": {
       //same as before  
       "Microsoft.AspNetCore.SpaServices": "1.0.0-beta-000007"
 },

app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
  routes.MapRoute(
   name: "default",
   template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
 
  routes.MapSpaFallbackRoute("spa-fallback", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
});

// Serve wwwroot as root
app.UseFileServer();
 
// Serve /node_modules as a separate root (for packages that use other npm modules client side)
app.UseFileServer(new FileServerOptions
{
  // Set root of file server
  FileProvider = new PhysicalFileProvider(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "node_modules")),
  // Only react to requests that match this path
  RequestPath = "/node_modules",
  // Don't expose file system
  EnableDirectoryBrowsing = false
});

<asp:Button runat="server" 
            ID="btnProcess" 
            Text="پردازش" 
            onclick="btnProcess_Click"
            OnClientClick="this.disabled = true; this.value = 'در حال پردازش اطلاعات ...';" 
            UseSubmitBehavior="false"
             />
<asp:Label runat="server" ID="lblMessage" Text=""></asp:Label>

protected void btnProcess_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // insert student in database
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);
    lblMessage.Text = "پردازش اطلاعات به پایان رسید";
}

[ResponseCache(Duration = 60)]
public IActionResult Contact()
{
   ViewData["Message"] = "Your contact page.";
   return View();
}

 Cache-Control: public,max-age=60

[ResponseCache(Duration = 60, Location = ResponseCacheLocation.Client)]

[ResponseCache(Location = ResponseCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
public IActionResult Error()
{
   return View();
}

Cache-Control: no-store,no-cache
Pragma: no-cache

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc(options =>
    {
        options.CacheProfiles.Add("PrivateCache",
            new CacheProfile
            {
                Duration = 60,
                Location = ResponseCacheLocation.Client
            }); 
    });

[ResponseCache(CacheProfileName = "PrivateCache")]

{
    "dependencies": {
      //same as before
      "Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory": "1.0.0"
 },

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
  services.AddMemoryCache();

[Route("DNT/[controller]")]
public class AboutController : Controller
{
    private readonly IMemoryCache _memoryCache;
 
    public AboutController(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
    {
        _memoryCache = memoryCache;
    }
 
    [Route("")]
    public ActionResult Hello()
    {
 
        string cacheKey = "my-cache-key";
        string greeting;
 
        if (!_memoryCache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out greeting))
        {
             greeting = "Hello";
            // store in the cache
            _memoryCache.Set(cacheKey, greeting,
                new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
                .SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1)));
        }
 
        return Content($"{greeting} from DNT!");
    }

 new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
  .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))

 new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
  .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))
  .SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan.FromHours(1))

 new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
  .SetPriority(CacheItemPriority.NeverRemove))

<cache expires-after="@TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)">
    @Html.Partial("_WhatsNew")
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-after="@TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-on="@DateTime.Today.AddDays(1).AddTicks(-1)">
  <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
 *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-sliding="@TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-user="true">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-route="id">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-query="search">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by-cookie="MyAppCookie">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

 <cache vary-by-header="User-Agent">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache vary-by="@ViewBag.ProductId">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

 <cache vary-by-user="true" vary-by-route="id">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

<cache expires-sliding="@TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)"
priority="@Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory.CacheItemPriority.NeverRemove">
    <!--View Component or something that gets data from the database-->
    *last updated  @DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
</cache>

در این مرحله قصد داریم برای فرم زیر Unit Test طراحی کنیم. پروژه به صورت زیر است:

دکمه قرمز رنگ به نام Record Button است و عملیات تست را رکورد خواهد کرد. دکمه دایره ای به رنگ مشکی برای تعیین Assertion به کار می‌رود. و در نهایت گزینه آخر کد‌های مورد نظر مراحل قبل را به صورت خودکار تولید خواهد کرد.

#روش کار

روش کار به این صورت است که ابتدا شما مراحل تست خود را شبیه سازی خواهید کرد و بعد از آن Test Builder مراحل تست شما را به صورت کامل به صورت کد‌های قابل فهم تولید خواهد کرد. (دقیقا شبیه به ایجاد UnitTest به روش Arrange/Act/Assert است با این تفاوت که این مراحل توسط UI Map رکورد شده و نیازی به کد نویسی ندارد). در پایان باید یک Data Driven Coded UI Test طراحی کنید تا بتوانید از این مراحل رکورد استفاده نمایید. 

#چگونگی شبیه سازی :

پروژه را اجرا نمایید. زمانی که فرم مورد نظر  ظاهر شد بر روی گزینه Record در TestBuilder کلیک کنید. عملیات ذخیره سازی شروع شده است. در نتیجه به فرم مربوطه رفته و در Textbox اول مقدار 10 و در textbox دوم مقدار 5 را وارد نمایید. با کلیک بر روی دکمه CalculateSum مقدار 15 نمایش داده خواهد شد. از برنامه خارج شوید و بعد بر روی گزینه Generate Code در TestBuilder کلیک کنید با از کلید‌های ترکیبی Alt + G استفاده نمایید.(اگر در این مرحله، از برنامه خارج نشده باشید با خطا مواجه خواهید شد.) در پنجره نمایش داده شده یک نام به متد اختصاص دهید. عملیات تولید کد شروع خواهد شد. بعد کدی مشابه زیر را در متد مربوطه مشاهده خواهید کرد.

   [TestMethod]
        public void CodedUITestMethod1()
        {            
            this.UIMap.CalculateSum();
            this.UIMap.txtSecondValueMustBe10();
        }

        public void CodedUITestMethod1 ()
        {
            #region Variable Declarations
            WinEdit uITxtFirstNumberEdit = this.UIدوعددصحیحواردنماییدWindow.UITxtFirstNumberWindow.UITxtFirstNumberEdit;
            WinEdit uITxtSecondNumberEdit = this.UIدوعددصحیحواردنماییدWindow.UITxtSecondNumberWindow.UITxtSecondNumberEdit;
            WinButton uICalculateSumButton = this.UIدوعددصحیحواردنماییدWindow.UICalculateSumWindow.UICalculateSumButton;
            #endregion

            // Type '10' in 'txtFirstNumber' text box
            uITxtFirstNumberEdit.Text = this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtFirstNumberEditText;

            // Type '{Tab}' in 'txtFirstNumber' text box
            Keyboard.SendKeys(uITxtFirstNumberEdit, this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtFirstNumberEditSendKeys, ModifierKeys.None);

            // Type '10' in 'txtSecondNumber' text box
            uITxtSecondNumberEdit.Text = this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtSecondNumberEditText;

            // Click 'Calculate Sum' button
            Mouse.Click(uICalculateSumButton, new Point(83, 12));

            // Type '10' in 'txtFirstNumber' text box
            uITxtFirstNumberEdit.Text = this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtFirstNumberEditText1;

            // Type '{Tab}' in 'txtFirstNumber' text box
            Keyboard.SendKeys(uITxtFirstNumberEdit, this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtFirstNumberEditSendKeys1, ModifierKeys.None);

            // Type '10' in 'txtSecondNumber' text box
            uITxtSecondNumberEdit.Text = this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtSecondNumberEditText1;

            // Type '{Tab}' in 'txtSecondNumber' text box
            Keyboard.SendKeys(uITxtSecondNumberEdit, this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtSecondNumberEditSendKeys, ModifierKeys.None);

            // Click 'Calculate Sum' button
            Mouse.Click(uICalculateSumButton, new Point(49, 11));

            // Type '10' in 'txtFirstNumber' text box
            uITxtFirstNumberEdit.Text = this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtFirstNumberEditText2;

            // Type '{Tab}' in 'txtFirstNumber' text box
            Keyboard.SendKeys(uITxtFirstNumberEdit, this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtFirstNumberEditSendKeys2, ModifierKeys.None);

            // Type '5' in 'txtSecondNumber' text box
            uITxtSecondNumberEdit.Text = this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtSecondNumberEditText2;

            // Type '{Tab}' in 'txtSecondNumber' text box
            Keyboard.SendKeys(uITxtSecondNumberEdit, this.CalculateSumParams.UITxtSecondNumberEditSendKeys1, ModifierKeys.None);

            // Click 'Calculate Sum' button
            Mouse.Click(uICalculateSumButton, new Point(74, 16));
        }

به محض اتمام عملیات drag&drop منوی زیر ظاهر خواهد شد:

  public void txtSecondValueMustBe10()
        {
            #region Variable Declarations
            WinEdit uITxtSecondNumberEdit = this.UIدوعددصحیحواردنماییدWindow.UITxtSecondNumberWindow.UITxtSecondNumberEdit;
            #endregion

            // Verify that the 'ControlType' property of 'txtSecondNumber' text box equals '10'
            Assert.AreEqual(this.txtSecondValueMustBe10ExpectedValues.UITxtSecondNumberEditControlType, uITxtSecondNumberEdit.ControlType.ToString());
        }

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace BlazorWasmUpload.Shared
{
    public class User
    {
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [Range(18, 90)]
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasmUpload.Server.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
    public class FilesController : ControllerBase
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> CreateUser(
            [FromForm] User userModel,
            [FromForm] IList<IFormFile> inputFiles = null)

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms;

namespace BlazorWasmUpload.Client.Services
{
    public interface IFilesManagerService
    {
        Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostModelWithFilesAsync<T>(string requestUri,
            IEnumerable<IBrowserFile> browserFiles,
            string fileParameterName,
            T model,
            string modelParameterName);
    }

    public class FilesManagerService : IFilesManagerService
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;

        public FilesManagerService(HttpClient httpClient)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient;
        }

        public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostModelWithFilesAsync<T>(
            string requestUri,
            IEnumerable<IBrowserFile> browserFiles,
            string fileParameterName,
            T model,
            string modelParameterName)
        {
            var requestContent = new MultipartFormDataContent();
            requestContent.Headers.ContentDisposition = new ContentDispositionHeaderValue("form-data");

            if (browserFiles?.Any() == true)
            {
                foreach (var file in browserFiles)
                {
                    var stream = file.OpenReadStream(maxAllowedSize: 512000 * 1000);
                    requestContent.Add(content: new StreamContent(stream, (int)file.Size), name: fileParameterName, fileName: file.Name);
                }
            }

            requestContent.Add(
                content: new StringContent(JsonSerializer.Serialize(model), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json"),
                name: modelParameterName);

            var result = await _httpClient.PostAsync(requestUri, requestContent);
            result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
            return result;
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasmUpload.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            // ...

            builder.Services.AddScoped<IFilesManagerService, FilesManagerService>();

            // ...
        }
    }
}

@code
{
    IReadOnlyList<IBrowserFile> SelectedFiles;
    User UserModel = new User();
    bool isProcessing;
    string UploadErrorMessage;

@page "/"

@using System.IO
@using BlazorWasmUpload.Shared
@using BlazorWasmUpload.Client.Services

@inject IFilesManagerService FilesManagerService

<h3>Post a model with files</h3>

<EditForm Model="UserModel" OnValidSubmit="CreateUserAsync">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <div>
        <label>Name</label>
        <InputText @bind-Value="UserModel.Name"></InputText>
        <ValidationMessage For="()=>UserModel.Name"></ValidationMessage>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>Age</label>
        <InputNumber @bind-Value="UserModel.Age"></InputNumber>
        <ValidationMessage For="()=>UserModel.Age"></ValidationMessage>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label>Photos</label>
        <InputFile multiple disabled="@isProcessing" OnChange="OnInputFileChange" />
        @if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(UploadErrorMessage))
        {
            <div>
                @UploadErrorMessage
            </div>
        }
        @if (SelectedFiles?.Count > 0)
        {
            <table>
                <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>Name</th>
                        <th>Size (bytes)</th>
                        <th>Last Modified</th>
                        <th>Type</th>
                    </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    @foreach (var selectedFile in SelectedFiles)
                    {
                        <tr>
                            <td>@selectedFile.Name</td>
                            <td>@selectedFile.Size</td>
                            <td>@selectedFile.LastModified</td>
                            <td>@selectedFile.ContentType</td>
                        </tr>
                    }
                </tbody>
            </table>
        }
    </div>
    <div>
        <button disabled="@isProcessing">Create user</button>
    </div>
</EditForm>

    private void OnInputFileChange(InputFileChangeEventArgs args)
    {
        var files = args.GetMultipleFiles(maximumFileCount: 15);
        if (args.FileCount == 0 || files.Count == 0)
        {
            UploadErrorMessage = "Please select a file.";
            return;
        }

        var allowedExtensions = new List<string> { ".jpg", ".png", ".jpeg" };
        if(!files.Any(file => allowedExtensions.Contains(Path.GetExtension(file.Name), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
        {
            UploadErrorMessage = "Please select .jpg/.jpeg/.png files only.";
            return;
        }

        SelectedFiles = files;
        UploadErrorMessage = string.Empty;
    }

    private async Task CreateUserAsync()
    {
        try
        {
            isProcessing = true;
            await FilesManagerService.PostModelWithFilesAsync(
                        requestUri: "api/Files/CreateUser",
                        browserFiles: SelectedFiles,
                        fileParameterName: "inputFiles",
                        model: UserModel,
                        modelParameterName: "userModel");
            UserModel = new User();
        }
        finally
        {
            isProcessing = false;
            SelectedFiles = null;
        }
    }

using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using BlazorWasmUpload.Shared;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System.Text.Json;
using BlazorWasmUpload.Server.Utils;
using System.Linq;

namespace BlazorWasmUpload.Server.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]
    public class FilesController : ControllerBase
    {
        private const int MaxBufferSize = 0x10000;

        private readonly IWebHostEnvironment _webHostEnvironment;
        private readonly ILogger<FilesController> _logger;

        public FilesController(
            IWebHostEnvironment webHostEnvironment,
            ILogger<FilesController> logger)
        {
            _webHostEnvironment = webHostEnvironment;
            _logger = logger;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> CreateUser(
            //[FromForm] string userModel, // <-- this is the actual form of the posted model
            [ModelBinder(BinderType = typeof(JsonModelBinder)), FromForm] User userModel,
            [FromForm] IList<IFormFile> inputFiles = null)
        {
            /*var user = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<User>(userModel);
            _logger.LogInformation($"userModel.Name: {user.Name}");
            _logger.LogInformation($"userModel.Age: {user.Age}");*/

            _logger.LogInformation($"userModel.Name: {userModel.Name}");
            _logger.LogInformation($"userModel.Age: {userModel.Age}");

            var uploadsRootFolder = Path.Combine(_webHostEnvironment.WebRootPath, "Files");
            if (!Directory.Exists(uploadsRootFolder))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(uploadsRootFolder);
            }

            if (inputFiles?.Any() == true)
            {
                foreach (var file in inputFiles)
                {
                    if (file == null || file.Length == 0)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    var filePath = Path.Combine(uploadsRootFolder, file.FileName);
                    using var fileStream = new FileStream(filePath,
                                                            FileMode.Create,
                                                            FileAccess.Write,
                                                            FileShare.None,
                                                            MaxBufferSize,
                                                            useAsync: true);
                    await file.CopyToAsync(fileStream);
                    _logger.LogInformation($"Saved file: {filePath}");
                }
            }

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

[ModelBinder(BinderType = typeof(JsonModelBinder)), FromForm] User userModel,

using System;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding;

namespace BlazorWasmUpload.Server.Utils
{
    public class JsonModelBinder : IModelBinder
    {
        public Task BindModelAsync(ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            if (bindingContext == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(bindingContext));
            }

            var valueProviderResult = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(bindingContext.ModelName);
            if (valueProviderResult != ValueProviderResult.None)
            {
                bindingContext.ModelState.SetModelValue(bindingContext.ModelName, valueProviderResult);

                var valueAsString = valueProviderResult.FirstValue;
                var result = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(valueAsString, bindingContext.ModelType);
                if (result != null)
                {
                    bindingContext.Result = ModelBindingResult.Success(result);
                    return Task.CompletedTask;
                }
            }

            return Task.CompletedTask;
        }
    }
}

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> CreateUser(
            [FromForm] string userModel, // <-- this is the actual form of the posted model
            [FromForm] IList<IFormFile> inputFiles = null)
{
  var user = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<User>(userModel);

[Route("[controller]")]
public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
{
    private static readonly string[] Summaries =
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy",
        "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching",
    };

    // /WeatherForecast/GetForecast2?from=1&to=3
    [HttpGet("[action]")]
    public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast2(Duration days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }
}

public class Duration
{
    public int From { get; set; }
    public int To { get; set; }
}

public class WeatherForecast
{
    public DateOnly Date { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);

    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

// /WeatherForecast/GetForecast3/1-3
[HttpGet("[action]/{days}")]
public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast3(Days days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;

namespace NET7Mvc.Models;

public class Days : IParsable<Days>
{
    public Days(int from, int to)
    {
        From = from;
        To = to;
    }

    public int From { get; }
    public int To { get; }

    public static bool TryParse([NotNullWhen(true)] string? value,
                                IFormatProvider? provider,
                                [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out Days result)
    {
        var items = value?.Split('-', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        if (items is { Length: 2 })
        {
            if (int.TryParse(items[0], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var from)
                && int.TryParse(items[1], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var to))
            {
                result = new Days(from, to);
                return true;
            }
        }

        result = default;
        return false;
    }

    public static Days Parse(string value, IFormatProvider? provider)
    {
        if (!TryParse(value, provider, out var result))
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Could not parse the given value.", nameof(value));
        }

        return result;
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace TestRouting.Models
{
    public class Issue
    {
        public int IssueId { set; get; }
        public int ProjectId { set; get; }
        public string Title { set; get; }
        public string Body { set; get; }
    }

    public static class IssuesDataSource
    {
        public static IList<Issue> CreateDataSource()
        {
            var results = new List<Issue>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                results.Add(new Issue { IssueId = i, ProjectId = i, Body = "Test...", Title = "Title " + i });
            }
            return results;
        }
    }
}

using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using TestRouting.Models;

namespace TestRouting.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var issuesList = IssuesDataSource.CreateDataSource();
            return View(issuesList); //show the list
        }

        public ActionResult Details(int issueId, int projectId)
        {
            var issue = IssuesDataSource.CreateDataSource()
                                        .Where(x => x.IssueId == issueId && x.ProjectId == projectId)
                                        .FirstOrDefault();
            return View(issue);
        }
    }
}

@model IEnumerable<TestRouting.Models.Issue>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}
<h2>
    Issues</h2>
<ul>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {
   
        <li>
            @Html.ActionLink(linkText: item.Title,
                     actionName: "Details",
                     controllerName: "Home",
                     routeValues: new { issueId = item.IssueId, projectId = item.ProjectId },
                     htmlAttributes: null)
        </li>
    }
</ul>

 http://localhost:1036/Home/Details?issueId=0&projectId=0

 http://localhost:1036/Home/Details/0/0

using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace TestRouting
{
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "IssueDetails",
                url: "Details/{issueId}/{projectId}", //تطابق با یک چنین مسیرهایی
                defaults: new 
                          { 
                                controller = "Home", //کنترلری که این نوع مسیرها را پردازش خواهد کرد
                                action = "Details", // اکشن متدی که نهایتا پارامترها را دریافت می‌کند
                                issueId = UrlParameter.Optional, //این خواص نیاز است هم نام پارامترهای اکشن متد تعریف شوند
                                projectId = UrlParameter.Optional
                          }
            );

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

 http://localhost:1036/Home/Details/0/0