using System;

namespace IndexedProperties
{
    public class Data
    {
        private int[] _localArray;
        private ArrayIndexer _arrayIndexer;

        public Data()
        {
            _localArray = new int[10];
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                _localArray[i] = i + 1;
            _arrayIndexer = new ArrayIndexer(this);
        }
        
        public ArrayIndexer Number
        {
            get { return _arrayIndexer; }
        }       

        public class ArrayIndexer
        {
            private Data _arrayOwner;

            public ArrayIndexer(Data arrayOwner)
            {
                _arrayOwner = arrayOwner;
            }

            public int this[int index]
            {
                get { return _arrayOwner._localArray[index]; }
            }

            public int Length
            {
                get { return _arrayOwner._localArray.Length; }
            }
        }
    }


    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var data = new Data();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                Console.WriteLine(data.Number[i]);
        }
    }
}

using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using Kendo.DynamicLinq;
using KendoUI06Mvc.Models;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace KendoUI06Mvc.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(); // shows the page.
        }

        [HttpDelete]
        public ActionResult DeleteProduct(int id)
        {
            var item = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (item == null)
                return new HttpNotFoundResult();

            ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.Remove(item);

            return Json(item);
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult GetProducts()
        {
            var request = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataSourceRequest>(
               this.Request.Url.ParseQueryString().GetKey(0)
            );

            var list = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts;
            return Json(list.AsQueryable()
                       .ToDataSourceResult(request.Take, request.Skip, request.Sort, request.Filter),
                       JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult PostProduct(Product product)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);

            var id = 1;
            var lastItem = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.LastOrDefault();
            if (lastItem != null)
            {
                id = lastItem.Id + 1;
            }
            product.Id = id;
            ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.Add(product);

            // گرید آی دی جدید را به این صورت دریافت می‌کند
            return Json(new DataSourceResult { Data = new[] { product } });
        }

        [HttpPut] // Add it to fix this error: The requested resource does not support http method 'PUT'
        public ActionResult UpdateProduct(int id, Product product)
        {
            var item = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts
                                        .Select(
                                            (prod, index) =>
                                                new
                                                {
                                                    Item = prod,
                                                    Index = index
                                                })
                                        .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Item.Id == id);
            if (item == null)
                return new HttpNotFoundResult();


            if (!ModelState.IsValid || id != product.Id)
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);

            ProductDataSource.LatestProducts[item.Index] = product;

            //Return HttpStatusCode.OK
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        }
    }
}

        var productsDataSource = new kendo.data.DataSource({
            transport: {
                read: {
                    url: "@Url.Action("GetProducts","Home")",
                    dataType: "json",
                    contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                    type: 'GET'
                },
                create: {
                    url: "@Url.Action("PostProduct","Home")",
                    contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                    type: "POST"
                },
                update: {
                    url: function (product) {
                        return "@Url.Action("UpdateProduct","Home")/" + product.Id;
                        },
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: "PUT"
                    },
                    destroy: {
                        url: function (product) {
                            return "@Url.Action("DeleteProduct","Home")/" + product.Id;
                        },
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: "DELETE"
                    },
                    parameterMap: function (options) {
                        return kendo.stringify(options);
                    }
                },

namespace MergeAssembliesIntoWPF.ViewModels
{
    public class ViewModel1
    {
        public string Data { set; get; }

        public ViewModel1()
        {
            Data = "Test";
        }
    }
}

<UserControl x:Class="MergeAssembliesIntoWPF.Shell.View1"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
             mc:Ignorable="d" 
             xmlns:VM="clr-namespace:MergeAssembliesIntoWPF.ViewModels;assembly=MergeAssembliesIntoWPF.ViewModels"
             d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300">
    <UserControl.Resources>
        <VM:ViewModel1 x:Key="ViewModel1" />
    </UserControl.Resources>
    <Grid DataContext="{Binding Source={StaticResource ViewModel1}}">
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Data}" />
    </Grid>
</UserControl>

<Window x:Class="MergeAssembliesIntoWPF.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:V="clr-namespace:MergeAssembliesIntoWPF.Shell;assembly=MergeAssembliesIntoWPF.Shell"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Window.Resources>
        <V:View1 x:Key="View1" />
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <V:View1 />
    </Grid>
</Window>

 <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />

  <Target Name="AfterResolveReferences">
    <ItemGroup>
      <EmbeddedResource Include="@(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths)" Condition="'%(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths.Extension)' == '.dll'">
        <LogicalName>%(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths.DestinationSubDirectory)%(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths.Filename)%(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths.Extension)</LogicalName>
      </EmbeddedResource>
    </ItemGroup>
  </Target>

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Reflection;

namespace MergeAssembliesIntoWPF
{
    public class Program
    {
        [STAThreadAttribute]
        public static void Main()
        {
            AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += OnResolveAssembly;
            App.Main();
        }

        private static Assembly OnResolveAssembly(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args)
        {
            var executingAssembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
            var assemblyName = new AssemblyName(args.Name);

            var path = assemblyName.Name + ".dll";
            if (assemblyName.CultureInfo.Equals(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) == false)
            {
                path = String.Format(@"{0}\{1}", assemblyName.CultureInfo, path);
            }

            using (var stream = executingAssembly.GetManifestResourceStream(path))
            {
                if (stream == null)
                    return null;

                var assemblyRawBytes = new byte[stream.Length];
                stream.Read(assemblyRawBytes, 0, assemblyRawBytes.Length);
                return Assembly.Load(assemblyRawBytes);
            }
        }
    }
}

public class Rectangle
{
    public int Length { get; set; }
    public int Height { get; set; }

    public void Grow(int length, int height)
    {
        Length += length;
        Height += height;
    }
}

Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
r.Length = 5;
r.Height = 10;
r.Grow(10, 10);// r.Length is 15, r.Height is 20, same instance of r

// After
public class ImmutableRectangle
{
    int Length { get; }
    int Height { get; }

    public ImmutableRectangle(int length, int height)
    {
        Length = length;
        Height = height;
    }

    public ImmutableRectangle Grow(int length, int height) =>
          new ImmutableRectangle(Length + length, Height + height);
}

ImmutableRectangle r = new ImmutableRectangle(5, 10);
r = r.Grow(10, 10);// r.Length is 15, r.Height is 20, is a new instance of r

public static void Main()
{
    Console.WriteLine(GetSalutation(DateTime.Now.Hour));
}

// imparitive, mutates state to produce a result
/*public static string GetSalutation(int hour)
{
    string salutation; // placeholder value

    if (hour < 12)
        salutation = "Good Morning";
    else
        salutation = "Good Afternoon";

    return salutation; // return mutated variable
}*/

public static string GetSalutation(int hour) => hour < 12 ? "Good Morning" : "Good Afternoon";

public static int Count<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate)
{
    int count = 0;

    foreach (TSource element in source)
    {
        checked
        {
            if (predicate(element))
            {
                count++;
            }
        }
    }

    return count;
}

public static class Extensions
{
    public static Func<T, TReturn2> Compose<T, TReturn1, TReturn2>(this Func<TReturn1, TReturn2> func1, Func<T, TReturn1> func2)
    {
        return x => func1(func2(x));
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x;
        Func<int, int> negate = x => x * -1;
        Func<int, string> toString = s => s.ToString();
        Func<int, string> squareNegateThenToString = toString.Compose(negate).Compose(square);
        Console.WriteLine(squareNegateThenToString(2));
    }
}

string str = new StringBuilder()
  .Append("Hello ")
  .Append("World ")
  .ToString()
  .TrimEnd()
  .ToUpper();

public static class Extensions
{
    public static StringBuilder AppendWhen(this StringBuilder sb, string value, bool predicate) => predicate ? sb.Append(value) : sb;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Extends the StringBuilder class to accept a predicate
        string htmlButton = new StringBuilder().Append("<button").AppendWhen(" disabled", false).Append(">Click me</button>").ToString();
    }
}

public static void Main()
{
    int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

    foreach (int n in GreaterThan(a, 3))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}


/*public static IEnumerable<int> GreaterThan(int[] arr, int gt)
{
    List<int> temp = new List<int>();
    foreach (int n in arr)
    {
        if (n > gt) temp.Add(n);
    }
    return temp;
}*/

public static IEnumerable<int> GreaterThan(int[] arr, int gt)
{
    foreach (int n in arr)
    {
        if (n > gt) yield return n;
    }
}

List<int> collection = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

// Imparative style of programming is verbose
List<int> results = new List<int>();

foreach(var num in collection)
{
  if (num % 2 != 0) results.Add(num);
}

// Declarative is terse and beautiful
var results = collection.Where(num => num % 2 != 0);

در برنامه‌های وب امروز نیازی به فراخوانی ثوابت که در طول حیات برنامه انگشت شمار تغیر میکنند نیست و با توجه به استفاده از فرامین و متدهای سمت کلاینت احتیاج هست تا این ثوابت بار اول لود صفحه به کلاینت پاس داده شوند.

میتوان در این گونه موارد از قابلیت‌های گوناگونی استفاده کرد که در اینجا ما با استفاده از یک فیلد مخفی و json مقدار را به کلاینت پاس میدهیم و در این مثال  در سمت کلاینت نیز دراپ دان را با این مقادیر پر میکنیم: 

    public enum PersistType
    {
        Persistable = 1,
        NotPersist = 2,
        AlwaysPersist = 3
    }

لیست را باید قبل از پر کردن در فیلد مخفی به json بصورت serialize شده تبدیل کرد، برای این منظور از JavaScriptSerializer موجود در اسمبلی‌های دات نت در متد زیر استفاده شده:

        public static string ConvertEnumToJavascript(Type t)
        {
            if (!t.IsEnum) throw new Exception("Type must be an enumeration");

            var values = System.Enum.GetValues(t);
            var dict = new Dictionary<int, string>();

            foreach (object obj in values)
            {
                string name = System.Enum.GetName(t, obj);
                dict.Add(Convert.ToInt32(System.Enum.Format(t, obj, "D")), name);
            }

            return new JavaScriptSerializer().Serialize(dict);
        }

با توجه به اینکه در سمت کلاینت مقدار json ذخیره شده در فیلد مخفی را میتوان به صورت آبجکت برخورد کرد پس یک متد در سمت کلاینت این آبجکت را در loop قراد داده و درمتغییری در فایل جاوا اسکریپت نگهداری میکنیم:

var Enum_PersistType = null;

function SetEnumTypes() {
    Enum_PersistType = JSON.parse($('#hfJsonEnum_PersistType').val());
}

و در هر قسمت که نیاز به مقدار enum بود با توجه به ایندکس مقدار را برای نمایش ازاین متغییر بیرون میکشیم:

function GetPersistTypeTitle_Concept(enumId) {
    return Enum_PersistType[enumId];
}

برای مثال در dropdown در سمت کلاینت این نوع استفاده شده و در حالتی از صفحه فقط برای نمایش عنوان آن احتیاج به دریافت آن از سمت سرور باشد میتوان از این روش کمک گرفت

و یا در سمت javascript میتوان با استفاده از jQuery مقادیر متغییر را در dropdown پر کرد.

function FillDropdown() {
    $("#ddlPersistType").html("");
    $.each(Enum_PersistType, function (key, value) {
        $("#ddlPersistType").append($("<option></option>").val(key).html(value));
    });
}

FillDropdownListOnClient.zip 

current=1&rowCount=10&sort[sender]=asc&searchPhrase=&id=b0df282a-0d67-40e5-8558-c9e93b7befed

    public static class LocalizationConfig
    {
        public static IMvcBuilder AddCustomLocalization(this IMvcBuilder mvcBuilder, IServiceCollection services)
        {
            mvcBuilder.AddDataAnnotationsLocalization(options =>
                    {
                        const string resourcesPath = "Resources";
                        string baseName = $"{resourcesPath}.{nameof(SharedResource)}";
                        var location = new AssemblyName(typeof(SharedResource).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.FullName).Name;

                        options.DataAnnotationLocalizerProvider = (type, factory) =>
                        {
                            // to use `SharedResource.fa.resx` file
                            return factory.Create(baseName, location);
                        };
                    });

            services.AddLocalization();
            services.AddScoped<IStringLocalizer>(provider =>
                            provider.GetRequiredService<IStringLocalizer<SharedResource>>());

            services.AddScoped<ISharedResourceService, SharedResourceService>();
            return mvcBuilder;
        }
    }

    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
            services.AddControllers().AddCustomLocalization(services);
        }

    public static class LocalizationConfig
    {
        public static IApplicationBuilder UseCustomRequestLocalization(this IApplicationBuilder app)
        {
            var requestLocalizationOptions = new RequestLocalizationOptions
            {
                DefaultRequestCulture = new RequestCulture(new CultureInfo("fa-IR")),
                SupportedCultures = new[]
                {
                    new CultureInfo("en-US"),
                    new CultureInfo("fa-IR")
                },
                SupportedUICultures = new[]
                {
                    new CultureInfo("en-US"),
                    new CultureInfo("fa-IR")
                }
            };
            app.UseRequestLocalization(requestLocalizationOptions);
            return app;
        }
    }

    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();

            app.UseCustomRequestLocalization();

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthorization();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
        }
    }

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace Core3xSharedResource.Models.Account
{
    public class RegisterModel
    {
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "Please enter an email address")] // -->> from the shared resources
        [EmailAddress(ErrorMessage = "Please enter a valid email address")] // -->> from the shared resources
        public string Email { get; set; }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<root>
  <data name="&lt;b&gt;Hello&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; {0}&lt;/i&gt;" xml:space="preserve">
    <value>&lt;b&gt;سلام&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; {0}&lt;/i&gt;</value>
  </data>
  <data name="About Title" xml:space="preserve">
    <value>درباره</value>
  </data>
  <data name="DNT" xml:space="preserve">
    <value>.NET Tips</value>
  </data>
  <data name="SiteName" xml:space="preserve">
    <value>DNT</value>
  </data>
  <data name="Please enter an email address" xml:space="preserve">
    <value>لطفا ایمیلی را وارد کنید</value>
  </data>
  <data name="Please enter a valid email address" xml:space="preserve">
    <value>لطفا ایمیل معتبری را وارد کنید</value>
  </data>
</root>

using Core3xSharedResource.Models.Account;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;

namespace Core3xSharedResource.WebApi.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class NormalIStringLocalizerController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IStringLocalizer _localizer;

        public NormalIStringLocalizerController(IStringLocalizer localizer)
        {
            _localizer = localizer;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult<string> Get()
        {
            var localizedString = _localizer["About Title"];
            if (localizedString.ResourceNotFound)
            {
                return NotFound($"The localization resource with ID:`{localizedString.Name}` not found. SearchedLocation: `{localizedString.SearchedLocation}`.");
            }
            return localizedString.Value;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult<RegisterModel> Post(RegisterModel model)
        {
            return model;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

namespace Core3xSharedResource.Services
{
    public interface ISharedResourceService
    {
        string this[string index] { get; }

        IEnumerable<LocalizedString> GetAllStrings(bool includeParentCultures);
        string GetString(string name, params object[] arguments);
        string GetString(string name);
    }

    public class SharedResourceService : ISharedResourceService
    {
        private readonly IStringLocalizer _sharedLocalizer;
        private readonly ILogger<SharedResourceService> _logger;
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;

        public SharedResourceService(
            IStringLocalizer sharedHtmlLocalizer,
            IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor,
            ILogger<SharedResourceService> logger
            )
        {
            _logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
            _sharedLocalizer = sharedHtmlLocalizer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(sharedHtmlLocalizer));
            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpContextAccessor));
        }

        public IEnumerable<LocalizedString> GetAllStrings(bool includeParentCultures)
        {
            return _sharedLocalizer.GetAllStrings(includeParentCultures);
        }

        public string this[string index] => GetString(index);

        public string GetString(string name, params object[] arguments)
        {
            var result = _sharedLocalizer.GetString(name, arguments);
            logError(name, result);
            return result;
        }

        private void logError(string name, LocalizedString result)
        {
            if (result.ResourceNotFound)
            {
                var acceptLanguage = _httpContextAccessor?.HttpContext?.Request?.Headers["Accept-Language"];
                _logger.LogError($"The localization resource with Accept-Language:`{acceptLanguage}` & ID:`{name}` not found. SearchedLocation: `{result.SearchedLocation}`.");
            }
        }

        public string GetString(string name)
        {
            var result = _sharedLocalizer.GetString(name);
            logError(name, result);
            return result;
        }
    }
}

interface ILogger
{
    void Log(string message);
}

class ConsoleLogger : ILogger
{
    public void Log(string message)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(message);
    }
}

interface ILogger
{
    void Log(string message);
    void Log(Exception exception) => Console.WriteLine(exception);
}

    interface IDeveloper
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language, DateTime dueDate);

        void LearnNewLanguage(string language)
        {
            // default implementation
            LearnNewLanguage(language, DateTime.Now.AddMonths(6));
        }
    }

    class BackendDev : IDeveloper // compiles OK
    {
        public void LearnNewLanguage(string language, DateTime dueDate)
        {
            // Learning new language...
        }
    }

IDeveloper dev1 = new BackendDev();
dev1.LearnNewLanguage("Rust");

var dev2 = new BackendDev();
dev2.LearnNewLanguage("Rust");
 

 There is no argument given that corresponds to the required formal parameter 'dueDate' of 'BackendDev.LearnNewLanguage(string, DateTime)' (CS7036) [ConsoleApp]

using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    public interface IDev
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language) => Console.Write($"Learning {language} in a default way.");
    }

    public interface IBackendDev : IDev
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language) => Console.Write($"Learning {language} in a backend way.");
    }

    public interface IFrontendDev : IDev
    {
        void LearnNewLanguage(string language) => Console.Write($"Learning {language} in a frontend way.");
    }

    public interface IFullStackDev : IBackendDev, IFrontendDev { }

    public class Dev : IFullStackDev { }
}

IFullStackDev dev = new Dev();
dev.LearnNewLanguage("TypeScript");

The call is ambiguous between the following methods or properties: 'IBackendDev.LearnNewLanguage(string)' and 'IFrontendDev.LearnNewLanguage(string)' (CS0121)

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public interface IMyInterface
    {
        IList<int> Values { get; set; }
    }

    public static class MyInterfaceExtensions
    {
        public static int CountGreaterThan(this IMyInterface myInterface, int threshold)
        {
            return myInterface.Values?.Where(p => p > threshold).Count() ?? 0;
        }
    }
}

var myImplementation = new MyInterfaceImplementation();
// Note that there's no typecast to IMyInterface required
var countGreaterThanFive = myImplementation.CountGreaterThan(5);