As promised , we announced the open sourcing of MSTest Test Framework “MSTest V2”. The community now has a fully supported, open source, cross-platform implementation of the MSTest V2 portfolio with which to write tests targeting .NET Framework, .NET Core and ASP.NET Core on Windows, Linux, and Mac. 

These are the customer-reported issues addressed in 15.9.4:

• Visual Studio 15.9 duplicate loads open files on solution reload.
• All users can now connect to on-premise TFS servers through Team Explorer.
• Visual Studio 15.8.3 no longer expands metadata in ItemDefinitionGroup for project-defined items during GUI builds (worked in Visual Studio 15.8.2).
• Visual Studio has multiple tabs for the same file.
• System.ArgumentException: The parameter is incorrect. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070057 (E_INVALIDARG)).
• LNK4099 PDB not found.
• Asset Catalog empty.
• /analyze fails for C++ code using /ZW.
• C++ compiler code optimization bug.
• Xamarin.iOS can't select image asset for Image View.
• iOS projects referencing a shared project containing image assets in an asset catalog fail to load on windows.
• Image not populating on iOS splashscreen in VS 15.8.6.
• Possible bad codegen on union/bitfield assignment in VS2017 15.8.
• Fix C# UWP Store 1201 Submission Issue.
• Fix C# UWP package creation error APPX1101: Payload contains two or more files with the same destination path 'System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe.dll'.
• Error MT2002: Failed to resolve 'System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncValueTaskMethodBuilder' reference from 'System.Threading.Tasks.Extensions...'" when building a Xamarin.iOS project.
• Redirecting to a relative url doesn't work when using AndroidClientHandler.
• Debug information for typedefs of unnamed enums compiled with the C compiler is now restored.
• The spectre-mitigated x86 version of delayimp.lib is now built with /Qspectre mitigations enabled.
• Changes were made to how Asset Catalogs in Xamarin.iOS projects are loaded in order to reduce solution load time.
• We have updated Xamarin.Forms templates to use the latest version.
• We have fixed an issue with ASP.NET Core Web Applications being debugged through Kestrel that would show the error message "Unable to configure HTTPS endpoint. No server certificate was specified...".
• Enabling the AppInsights site extension in App Service from Visual Studio now happens through the use of specific Application Settings.

Security Advisory Notices

• An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Diagnostics Hub Standard Collector Service improperly handles certain file operations. 

Memento یک الگوی طراحی مفید و ساده است که برای ذخیره و بازیابی state یک object استفاده می‌شود. در بعضی از مقالات از آن به عنوان snapshot نیز یاد شده است! اگر با git  کار کرده باشید، این مفهوم را می‌توان در git بسیار یافت؛ هر commit به عنوان یک snapshot میباشد که میتوان به صورت مکرر آن را undo کرد و یا مثال خیلی ساده‌تر میتوان به ctrl+z در سیستم عامل اشاره کرد.

به مثال زیر توجه کنید:

Int temp;
Int a=1;
temp=a;
a=2;
.
.
a=temp;

شما قطعا در برنامه نویسی با کد بالا زیاد برخورد داشته‌اید و آن‌را به صورت مکرر انجام داده‌اید. کد بالا را در قالب یک object بیان میکنیم. به مثال زیر توجه کنید:

int main()
{
  MyClass One = new MyClass();
  MyClass Temp = new MyClass();
  // Set an initial value.
  One.Value = 10;
  One.Name = "Ten";
  // Save the state of the value.
  Temp.Value = One.Value;
  Temp.Name = One.Name;
  // Change the value.
  One.Value = 99;
  One.Name = "Ninety Nine";
  // Undo and restore the state.
  One.Value = Temp.Value;
  One.Name = Temp.Name;
}

در کد بالا با استفاده از یک temp، شیء مورد نظر را ذخیره کرده و در آخر مجدد داده‌ها را درون شیء، restore  میکنیم.

 از مشکلات کد بالا میتوان گفت :

۱- برای هر object باید یک شیء temp ایجاد کنیم.

۲- ممکن است بخواهیم که حالات یک object را بر روی هارد ذخیره کنیم. با روش فوق کدها خیلی پیچیده‌تر خواهند شد.

۳- نوشتن کد به این سبک برای پروژه‌های بزرگ، پیچیده و مدیریت آن سخت‌تر می‌شود.

پیاده سازی memento

ما این مثال را در قالب یک پروژه NET Core  onsole. ایجاد میکنیم. برای این کار یک پوشه‌ی جدید را ایجاد و درون ترمینال دستور زیر را وارد کنید:

dotnet new console

روش‌های زیادی برای پیاده سازی memento وجود دارند. برای پیاده سازی memento ابتدا یک abstract class را به شکل زیر ایجاد میکنیم: 

abstract class MementoBase
{
  protected Guid mementoKey = Guid.NewGuid();
  abstract public void SaveMemento(Memento memento);
  abstract public void RestoreMemento(Memento memento);
}

اگر به کلاس بالا دقت کنید، این کلاس قرار است parent کلاس‌های دیگری باشد که داری دو متد SaveMemento و RestoreMemento برای ذخیره و بازیابی و همچنین یک Guid برای نگهداری state‌های مختلف میباشد.

ورودی متدها از نوع memento میباشد. پس کلاس memento را به شکل زیر ایجاد می‌کنیم:

class Memento
{
    private Dictionary<Guid, object> stateList = new Dictionary<Guid, object>();
    public object GetState(Guid key)
    {
        return stateList[key];
    }
    public void SetState(Guid key, object newState)
    {
        stateList[key] = newState;
    }
    public Memento()
    {
    }
}

در کد بالا با یک Dictionary می‌توان هر object را با کلیدش ذخیره کنیم. توجه کنید که value دیکشنری از نوع object میباشد و چون object پدر تمام object‌های دیگر است پس می‌توانیم هر نوع داده‌ای را در آن ذخیره کنیم. تا اینجا، Memento پیاده سازی شده است. میتوان این کار را با جنریک‌ها نیز پیاده سازی کرد.

در ادامه می‌خواهیم یک کلاس بسازیم و حالت‌های مختلف را در آن بررسی کنیم. کلاس زیر را ایجاد کنید:

class ConcreteOriginator : MementoBase
{
  private int value = 0;
  public ConcreteOriginator(int newValue)
  {
    SetData(newValue);
  }
  public void SetData(int newValue)
  {
    value = newValue;
  }
  public void Speak()
  {
    Console.WriteLine("My value is " + value.ToString());
  }
  public override void SaveMemento(Memento memento)
  {
    memento.SetState(mementoKey, value);
  }
  public override void RestoreMemento(Memento memento)
  {
    int restoredValue = (int)memento.GetState(mementoKey);
    SetData(restoredValue);
  }
}

کلاس ConcreteOriginator از کلاس MementoBase ارث بری کرده و دو متد RestoreMemento و SaveMemento را پیاده سازی میکند و همچنین دارای یک مشخصه value می‌باشد. برای خروجی گرفتن، متد main را به صورت زیر پیاده سازی می‌کنیم:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
  Memento memento = new Memento();
  // Create an originator, which will hold our state data.
  ConcreteOriginator myOriginator = new ConcreteOriginator("Hello World!", StateType.ONE);
  ConcreteOriginator anotherOriginator = new ConcreteOriginator("Hola!", StateType.ONE);
  ConcreteOriginator2 thirdOriginator = new ConcreteOriginator2(7);
  // Set some state data.
  myOriginator.Speak();
  anotherOriginator.Speak();
  thirdOriginator.Speak();
  // Save the states into our memento.
  myOriginator.SaveMemento(memento);
  anotherOriginator.SaveMemento(memento);
  thirdOriginator.SaveMemento(memento);
  // Now change our originators' states.
  myOriginator.SetData("Goodbye!", StateType.TWO);
  anotherOriginator.SetData("Adios!", StateType.TWO);
  thirdOriginator.SetData(99);
  myOriginator.Speak();
  anotherOriginator.Speak();
  thirdOriginator.Speak();
  // Restore our originator's state.
  myOriginator.RestoreMemento(memento);
  anotherOriginator.RestoreMemento(memento);
  thirdOriginator.RestoreMemento(memento);
  myOriginator.Speak();
  anotherOriginator.Speak();
  thirdOriginator.Speak();
  Console.ReadKey();
}

Hello World! I'm in state ONE
Hola! I'm in state ONE
My value is 7
Goodbye! I'm in state TWO
Adios! I'm in state TWO
My value is 99
Hello World! I'm in state ONE
Hola! I'm in state ONE
My value is 7

<Project>
  <PropertyGroup>
    <AnalysisLevel>latest</AnalysisLevel>
    <AnalysisMode>AllEnabledByDefault</AnalysisMode>
    <CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors>true</CodeAnalysisTreatWarningsAsErrors>
    <EnableNETAnalyzers>true</EnableNETAnalyzers>
    <EnforceCodeStyleInBuild>true</EnforceCodeStyleInBuild>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
    <RunAnalyzersDuringBuild>true</RunAnalyzersDuringBuild>
    <RunAnalyzersDuringLiveAnalysis>true</RunAnalyzersDuringLiveAnalysis>
    <!--
      CA2007: Consider calling ConfigureAwait on the awaited task
      MA0004: Use Task.ConfigureAwait(false) as the current SynchronizationContext is not needed
      CA1056: Change the type of property 'Url' from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
      CA1054: Change the type of parameter of the method to allow a Uri to be passed as a 'System.Uri' object
      CA1055: Change the return type of method from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
    -->
    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);CA2007;CA1056;CA1054;CA1055;MA0004</NoWarn>
    <NoError>$(NoError);CA2007;CA1056;CA1054;CA1055;MA0004</NoError>
    <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
    <Features>strict</Features>
    <ReportAnalyzer>true</ReportAnalyzer>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.NetAnalyzers" Version="5.0.1">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Meziantou.Analyzer" Version="1.0.639">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Threading.Analyzers" Version="16.8.55">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers" Version="3.3.2">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="AsyncFixer" Version="1.3.0">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="Asyncify" Version="0.9.7">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="ClrHeapAllocationAnalyzer" Version="3.0.0">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>

    <PackageReference Include="SonarAnalyzer.CSharp" Version="8.16.0.25740">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <AdditionalFiles Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)BannedSymbols.txt" Link="Properties/BannedSymbols.txt" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

# https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn-analyzers/blob/master/src/Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.BannedApiAnalyzers/BannedApiAnalyzers.Help.md
P:System.DateTime.Now;Use System.DateTime.UtcNow instead
P:System.DateTimeOffset.Now;Use System.DateTimeOffset.UtcNow instead
P:System.DateTimeOffset.DateTime;Use System.DateTimeOffset.UtcDateTime instead

[*.cs]

# MA0026 : Complete the task
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0026.severity = suggestion

# CA1308: In method 'urlToLower', replace the call to 'ToLowerInvariant' with 'ToUpperInvariant' (CA1308)
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1308.severity = suggestion

# CA1040: Avoid empty interfaces
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1040.severity = suggestion

# CA1829 Use the "Count" property instead of Enumerable.Count()
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1829.severity = suggestion

# Use 'Count' property here instead.
dotnet_diagnostic.S2971.severity = suggestion

# S1135 : Complete the task
dotnet_diagnostic.S1135.severity = suggestion

# S2479: Replace the control character at position 7 by its escape sequence
dotnet_diagnostic.S2479.severity = suggestion

# CA2007: Consider calling ConfigureAwait on the awaited task
dotnet_diagnostic.CA2007.severity = none

# MA0004: Use Task.ConfigureAwait(false) as the current SynchronizationContext is not needed
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0004.severity = none

# CA1056: Change the type of property 'Url' from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1056.severity = suggestion

# CA1054: Change the type of parameter of the method to allow a Uri to be passed as a 'System.Uri' object
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1054.severity = suggestion

# CA1055: Change the return type of method from 'string' to 'System.Uri'
dotnet_diagnostic.CA1055.severity = suggestion

# S4457: Split this method into two, one handling parameters check and the other handling the asynchronous code.
dotnet_diagnostic.S4457.severity = none

# AsyncFixer01: Unnecessary async/await usage
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer01.severity = suggestion

# AsyncFixer02: Long-running or blocking operations inside an async method
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer02.severity = error

# VSTHRD103: Call async methods when in an async method
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD103.severity = error

# AsyncFixer03: Fire & forget async void methods
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer03.severity = error

# VSTHRD100: Avoid async void methods
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD100.severity = error

# VSTHRD101: Avoid unsupported async delegates
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD101.severity = error

# VSTHRD107: Await Task within using expression
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD107.severity = error

# AsyncFixer04: Fire & forget async call inside a using block
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer04.severity = error

# VSTHRD110: Observe result of async calls
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD110.severity = error

# VSTHRD002: Avoid problematic synchronous waits
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD002.severity = suggestion

# MA0045: Do not use blocking call (make method async)
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0045.severity = suggestion

# AsyncifyInvocation: Use Task Async
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncifyInvocation.severity = error

# AsyncifyVariable: Use Task Async
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncifyVariable.severity = error

# VSTHRD111: Use ConfigureAwait(bool)
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD111.severity = none

# MA0022: Return Task.FromResult instead of returning null
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0022.severity = error

# VSTHRD114: Avoid returning a null Task
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD114.severity = error

# VSTHRD200: Use "Async" suffix for async methods
dotnet_diagnostic.VSTHRD200.severity = suggestion

# MA0040: Specify a cancellation token
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0032.severity = suggestion

# MA0040: Flow the cancellation token when available
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0040.severity = suggestion

# MA0079: Use a cancellation token using .WithCancellation()
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0079.severity = suggestion

# MA0080: Use a cancellation token using .WithCancellation()
dotnet_diagnostic.MA0080.severity = error

#AsyncFixer05: Downcasting from a nested task to an outer task.
dotnet_diagnostic.AsyncFixer05.severity = error

# ClrHeapAllocationAnalyzer ----------------------------------------------------
# HAA0301: Closure Allocation Source
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0301.severity = suggestion

# HAA0601: Value type to reference type conversion causing boxing allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0601.severity = suggestion

# HAA0302: Display class allocation to capture closure
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0302.severity = suggestion

# HAA0101: Array allocation for params parameter
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0101.severity = suggestion

# HAA0603: Delegate allocation from a method group
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0603.severity = suggestion

# HAA0602: Delegate on struct instance caused a boxing allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0602.severity = suggestion

# HAA0401: Possible allocation of reference type enumerator
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0401.severity = silent

# HAA0303: Lambda or anonymous method in a generic method allocates a delegate instance
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0303.severity = silent

# HAA0102: Non-overridden virtual method call on value type
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0102.severity = silent

# HAA0502: Explicit new reference type allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0502.severity = none

# HAA0505: Initializer reference type allocation
dotnet_diagnostic.HAA0505.severity = silent

dotnet_diagnostic.CA1308.severity = suggestion

[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA1052:Type 'Program' is a static holder type but is neither static nor NotInheritable",
  Justification = "We need it for our integration tests this way.")]
[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "RCS1102:Type 'Program' is a static holder type but is neither static nor NotInheritable",
  Justification = "We need it for our integration tests this way.")]
[SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "S1118:Type 'Program' is a static holder type but is neither static nor NotInheritable",
  Justification = "We need it for our integration tests this way.")]
public class Program { }

Top Issues Fixed in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.6.0

• When New Git experience feature flag is enabled, a message will appear in Team Explorer guiding users to the new Git tool window.
• Fix for intermittent UI delay while closing VS when WinForms .NET Core designer is in open state.
• Fixed issues creating projects using type providers, throwing missing method exception at runtime.
• Fixed project creation for .NET framework projects.
• New find in files experience respects options in Tools-Options-Find and Replace pane.
• Fixed a bug where Git repository does not change when closing a Folder and opening a Solution.
• Fixed bug when building iOS app using full debug symbols.
• Added back browing of Mac Distribution provisioning profiles and certificates from Windows.
• Fixed a bug causing Visual Studio 2019 to stop responding when working with Xamarin projects on certain scenarios.
• Added keyboard shortcut for "Copy with Headers" option in SQL Script Results Grid
• SSDT users will now be able to set and view sensitivity properties for all version above SQL Server 2008
• Improve Connection Properties dialog for accessibility users.
• Fixed occasional crashes when using Tested By Code Lens indicator.
• Ensure auto population of text in Find in files is as per legacy behavior.
• Ensure left arrow key behavior in find in files is correct.
• An issue blocking C++ users of the C++20 Ranges library from using algorithms. 

Install-Package : Could not connect to the feed specified at 'https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/'. Please verify that the package source 
(located in the Package Manager Settings) is valid and ensure your network connectivity.
At line:1 char:1
+ Install-Package EntityFramework
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [Install-Package], InvalidOperationException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NuGetCmdletUnhandledException,NuGet.PowerShell.Commands.InstallPackageCommand

Error1Running transformation: System.ArgumentException: The file 'T4MVC.tt' is not open.
   at System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHRInternal(Int32 errorCode, IntPtr errorInfo)
   at System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR(Int32 errorCode)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.NativeMethods.ThrowOnFailure(Int32 hr, Int32[] expectedHRFailure)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.RunningDocumentTable.FindDocument(String moniker, IVsHierarchy& hierarchy, UInt32& itemid, UInt32& docCookie)
   at Microsoft.XmlEditor.XmlHelper.GetCanonicalNameWithoutView(IServiceProvider site, String fname)
   at Microsoft.XmlEditor.XmlFileInfoService.RenameOrRemoveCacheFileInfo(String fname)
   at Microsoft.XmlEditor.Package.GetOrCreateFileInfo(String fname, String text)
   at Microsoft.XmlEditor.Package.GetOrCreateFileInfo(String fname, IVsTextLines buffer)
   at Microsoft.XmlEditor.FactoryBase.GetDesignerFactory(String monikerTheFileOnDisk, String monikerToUse, IVsTextLines existingBuffer, Guid logicalView)
   at Microsoft.XmlEditor.Chooser.ChooseEditorFactory(String pszMkDocument, IVsHierarchy pHier, UInt32 itemid, IntPtr punkDocDataExisting, Guid& rguidLogicalView, Guid& pguidEditorTypeActual, Guid& pguidLogicalViewActual)
   at EnvDTE.ProjectItem.Open(String ViewKind)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating07E2522337018FCFC0AADC805726764A22758F53E05D3026845E2AA5E0226E57B77322743831B8A035E8EFE18D3CC1F808985A2958CCE46A2085D3520D2EC605.GeneratedTextTransformation.XmlSettings.Init(ITextTemplatingEngineHost host) in e:\Project\GRP\GRP.Web\T4MVC.tt:line 2120
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating07E2522337018FCFC0AADC805726764A22758F53E05D3026845E2AA5E0226E57B77322743831B8A035E8EFE18D3CC1F808985A2958CCE46A2085D3520D2EC605.GeneratedTextTransformation.XmlSettings.Load[T](ITextTemplatingEngineHost host) in e:\Project\GRP\GRP.Web\T4MVC.tt:line 2093
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating07E2522337018FCFC0AADC805726764A22758F53E05D3026845E2AA5E0226E57B77322743831B8A035E8EFE18D3CC1F808985A2958CCE46A2085D3520D2EC605.GeneratedTextTransformation.MvcSettings.Load(ITextTemplatingEngineHost host) in e:\Project\GRP\GRP.Web\T4MVC.tt:line 1786
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating07E2522337018FCFC0AADC805726764A22758F53E05D3026845E2AA5E0226E57B77322743831B8A035E8EFE18D3CC1F808985A2958CCE46A2085D3520D2EC605.GeneratedTextTransformation.TransformText() in e:\Project\GRP\GRP.Web\T4MVC.tt:line 39e:\Project\GRP\GRP.Web\T4MVC.tt21201GRP.Web