git log --oneline

اکنون باید این فایل Configuration را به Crescendo معرفی کنیم تا cmdlet را برایمان تولید کند. اینکار را توسط Export-CrescendoModule انجام خواهیم داد: 

Export-CrescendoModule -Configuration ./git-ps.json -ModuleName ./git-ps.psm1

با اجرای دستور فوق، فایل‌های git.psm1 و همچنین git.psd1 تولید خواهند شد. نیاز به بررسی فایل‌های جنریت شده نیست؛ چون تنها جایی که با آن باید در ارتباط باشیم، همان فایل JSON ابتدای بحث است که در ادامه آن را بررسی خواهیم کرد. اما قبل از آن اجازه دهید ماژول تولید شده را Import کنیم و دستور Get-GitLog را وارد کنیم: 

PP /> Import-Module ./git-ps.psd1
PS /> Get-GitLog

usage: git [-v | --version] [-h | --help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           [--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env=<name>=<envvar>]
           <command> [<args>]

These are common Git commands used in various situations:

start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
   clone     Clone a repository into a new directory
   init      Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one

work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
   add       Add file contents to the index
   mv        Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   restore   Restore working tree files
   rm        Remove files from the working tree and from the index

examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
   bisect    Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   diff      Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   grep      Print lines matching a pattern
   log       Show commit logs
   show      Show various types of objects
   status    Show the working tree status

grow, mark and tweak your common history
   branch    List, create, or delete branches
   commit    Record changes to the repository
   merge     Join two or more development histories together
   rebase    Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   reset     Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   switch    Switch branches
   tag       Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
   fetch     Download objects and refs from another repository
   pull      Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push      Update remote refs along with associated objects

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
See 'git help git' for an overview of the system.

همانطور که مشاهده میکنید، خروجی دستور git، نمایش داده شده‌است. دلیل آن نیز این است که در فایل configuration، هیچ آرگومانی را به عنوان ورودی آن تعیین نکرده‌ایم. برای اضافه کردن آرگومان‌های موردنظر باید پراپرتی OrginalCommandElements را مقدار دهی کنیم: 

"OriginalCommandElements": ["log", "--oneline"],

بنابراین با فراخوانی دستور Get-GitLog، در اصل دستور git log —oneline فراخوانی خواهد شد:  

PS /> Get-GitLog

e9590e8 init

اما تا اینجا نیز خروجی به صورت رشته‌ایی است. برای داشتن یک خروجی Object، باید پراپرتی OutputHandlers را از Configuration، تغییر دهیم: 

"OutputHandlers": [
  {
    "ParameterSetName": "Default",
    "Handler": "$args[0] | ForEach-Object { $hash, $message = $_.Split(' ', 2) ; [PSCustomObject]@{ Hash = $hash; Message = $message } }"
  }
]

در اینجا توسط args$ به خروجی کامند اصلی دسترسی خواهیم داشت. این خروجی را سپس با کمک ForEach-Object، به یک شیء با پراپرتی‌های Hash و Message تبدیل کرده‌ایم. در اینجا فقط میخواستم روال تهیه یک آبجکت را از کامندهایی که خروجی JSON ندارند، نشان دهم؛ اما خوشبختانه توسط پرچم pretty در git log، امکان تهیه‌ی خروجی JSON را نیز داریم: 

git log --pretty=format:'{"commit": "%h", "author": "%an", "date": "%ad", "message": "%s"}'

در نتیجه عملاً نیازی به split کردن نیست و بجای آن میتوانیم به صورت مستقیم، خروجی را توسط ConvertFrom-Json پارز کنیم: 

"OutputHandlers": [
  {
    "ParameterSetName": "Default",
    "Handler": "$args[0] | ConvertFrom-Json"
  }
]

همچنین درون فایل schema با کمک پراپرتی Parameters، امکان تعریف پارامتر را نیز برای کامند Get-GitLog خواهیم داشت. به عنوان مثال میتوانیم فلگ reverse را نیز به کامند اصلی از طریق PowerShell ارسال کنیم: 

"Parameters": [
  {
    "Name": "reverse",
    "OriginalName": "--reverse",
    "ParameterType": "switch",
    "Description": "Reverse the order of the commits in the output."
  }
],

دقت داشته باشیم که با هربار تغییر فایل schema باید توسط دستور Export-CrescendoModule ماژول موردنظر را تولید کنید:

Export-CrescendoModule -Configuration ./git-ps.json -ModuleName ./git-ps.psm1
Import-Module ./git-ps.psd1

در نهایت cmdletمان به این صورت قابل استفاده خواهد بود:

using System;
using System.Drawing;

namespace PWS.ObjectOrientedPaint.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Helpers
    /// </summary>
    public static class Helpers
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Draws the preview.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="g">The g.</param>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">The end point.</param>
        /// <param name="foreColor">Color of the fore.</param>
        /// <param name="thickness">The thickness.</param>
        /// <param name="isFill">if set to <c>true</c> [is fill].</param>
        /// <param name="backgroundBrush">The background brush.</param>
        /// <param name="shapeType">Type of the shape.</param>
        public static void DrawPreview(Graphics g, PointF startPoint, PointF endPoint, Color foreColor, byte thickness, bool isFill, Brush backgroundBrush, ShapeType shapeType)
        {
            float x = 0, y = 0;
            float width = Math.Abs(endPoint.X - startPoint.X);
            float height = Math.Abs(endPoint.Y - startPoint.Y);
            if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }

            switch (shapeType)
            {
                case ShapeType.Ellipse:
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillEllipse(backgroundBrush, x, y, width, height);
                    //else
                    g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, width, height);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Rectangle:
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillRectangle(backgroundBrush, x, y, width, height);
                    //else
                    g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, width, height);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Circle:
                    float raduis = Math.Max(width, height);

                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillEllipse(backgroundBrush, x, y, raduis, raduis);
                    //else
                    g.DrawEllipse(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, raduis, raduis);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Square:
                    float side = Math.Max(width, height);

                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillRectangle(backgroundBrush, x, y, side, side);
                    //else
                    g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), x, y, side, side);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Line:
                    g.DrawLine(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), startPoint, endPoint);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Diamond:
                    var points = new PointF[4];
                    points[0] = new PointF(x + width / 2, y);
                    points[1] = new PointF(x + width, y + height / 2);
                    points[2] = new PointF(x + width / 2, y + height);
                    points[3] = new PointF(x, y + height / 2);
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillPolygon(backgroundBrush, points);
                    //else
                    g.DrawPolygon(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), points);
                    break;
                case ShapeType.Triangle:
                    var tPoints = new PointF[3];
                    tPoints[0] = new PointF(x + width / 2, y);
                    tPoints[1] = new PointF(x + width, y + height);
                    tPoints[2] = new PointF(x, y + height);
                    if (isFill)
                        g.FillPolygon(backgroundBrush, tPoints);
                    //else
                    g.DrawPolygon(new Pen(foreColor, thickness), tPoints);
                    break;
            }
            if (shapeType != ShapeType.Line)
            {
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", x, y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), x - 20, y - 25);
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", x + width, y + height), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), x + width - 20, y + height + 5);
            }
            else
            {
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", startPoint.X, startPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), startPoint.X - 20, startPoint.Y - 25);
                g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", endPoint.X, endPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(foreColor), endPoint.X - 20, endPoint.Y + 5);
            }

        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Net;

namespace PWS.ObjectOrientedPaint.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Shape (Base Class)
    /// </summary>
    public abstract partial class Shape
    {
#region Constructors (2) 

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Shape" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">The end point.</param>
        /// <param name="zIndex">Index of the z.</param>
        /// <param name="foreColor">Color of the fore.</param>
        /// <param name="thickness">The thickness.</param>
        /// <param name="isFill">if set to <c>true</c> [is fill].</param>
        /// <param name="backgroundColor">Color of the background.</param>
        protected Shape(PointF startPoint, PointF endPoint, int zIndex, Color foreColor, byte thickness, bool isFill, Color backgroundColor)
        {
            CalulateLocationAndSize(startPoint, endPoint);
            Zindex = zIndex;
            ForeColor = foreColor;
            Thickness = thickness;
            IsFill = isFill;
            BackgroundColor = backgroundColor;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Shape" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        protected Shape() { }

#endregion Constructors 
        
#region Methods (10) 

// Public Methods (9) 

        /// <summary>
        /// Draws the specified g.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="g">The g.</param>
        public virtual void Draw(Graphics g)
        {
            if (!IsSelected) return;
            float diff = Thickness + 4;
            Color myColor = Color.DarkSeaGreen;
            g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", StartPoint.X, StartPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(myColor), StartPoint.X - 20, StartPoint.Y - 25);
            g.DrawString(String.Format("({0},{1})", EndPoint.X, EndPoint.Y), new Font(new FontFamily("Tahoma"), 10), new SolidBrush(myColor), EndPoint.X - 20, EndPoint.Y + 5);
            if (ShapeType != ShapeType.Line)
            {
                g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(myColor), X, Y, Width, Height);

                //  1 2 3
                //  8   4 
                //  7 6 5   
                var point1 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point2 = new PointF((StartPoint.X - diff / 2 + EndPoint.X) / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point3 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point4 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, (EndPoint.Y + StartPoint.Y) / 2 - diff / 2);
                var point5 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point6 = new PointF((StartPoint.X - diff / 2 + EndPoint.X) / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point7 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point8 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, (EndPoint.Y + StartPoint.Y) / 2 - diff / 2);


                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point1.X, point1.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point2.X, point2.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point3.X, point3.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point4.X, point4.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point5.X, point5.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point6.X, point6.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point7.X, point7.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point8.X, point8.Y, diff, diff);
            }
            else
            {
                var point1 = new PointF(StartPoint.X - diff / 2, StartPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                var point2 = new PointF(EndPoint.X - diff / 2, EndPoint.Y - diff / 2);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point1.X, point1.Y, diff, diff);
                g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(myColor), point2.X, point2.Y, diff, diff);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Points the in sahpe.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="point">The point.</param>
        /// <param name="tolerance">The tolerance.</param>
        /// <returns>
        ///   <c>true</c> if [has point in sahpe] [the specified point]; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
        /// </returns>
        public virtual bool HasPointInSahpe(PointF point, byte tolerance = 5)
        {
            return point.X > (StartPoint.X - tolerance) && point.X < (EndPoint.X + tolerance) && point.Y > (StartPoint.Y - tolerance) && point.Y < (EndPoint.Y + tolerance);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Moves the specified location.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="location">The location.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual PointF Move(Point location)
        {
            StartPoint = new PointF(location.X, location.Y);
            EndPoint = new PointF(location.X + Width, location.Y + Height);
            return StartPoint;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Moves the specified dx.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dx">The dx.</param>
        /// <param name="dy">The dy.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual PointF Move(int dx, int dy)
        {
            StartPoint = new PointF(StartPoint.X + dx, StartPoint.Y + dy);
            EndPoint = new PointF(EndPoint.X + dx, EndPoint.Y + dy);
            return StartPoint;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resizes the specified dx.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dx">The dx.</param>
        /// <param name="dy">The dy.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual SizeF Resize(int dx, int dy)
        {
            EndPoint = new PointF(EndPoint.X + dx, EndPoint.Y + dy);
            return new SizeF(Width, Height);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resizes the specified start point.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="currentPoint">The current point.</param>
        public virtual void Resize(PointF startPoint, PointF currentPoint)
        {
            var dx = (int)(currentPoint.X - startPoint.X);
            var dy = (int)(currentPoint.Y - startPoint.Y);
            if (startPoint.X >= X - 5 && startPoint.X <= X + 5)
            {
                StartPoint = new PointF(currentPoint.X, StartPoint.Y);
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Height = Width;
                }
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= EndPoint.X - 5 && startPoint.X <= EndPoint.X + 5)
            {
                Width += dx;
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Height = Width;
                }
            }
            else if (startPoint.Y >= Y - 5 && startPoint.Y <= Y + 5)
            {
                Y = currentPoint.Y;
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Width = Height;
                }
            }
            else if (startPoint.Y >= EndPoint.Y - 5 && startPoint.Y <= EndPoint.Y + 5)
            {
                Height += dy;
                if (ShapeType == ShapeType.Circle || ShapeType == ShapeType.Square)
                {
                    Width = Height;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the background brush as hatch.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hatchStyle">The hatch style.</param>
        public virtual void SetBackgroundBrushAsHatch(HatchStyle hatchStyle)
        {
            var brush = new HatchBrush(hatchStyle, BackgroundColor);
            BackgroundBrush = brush;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the background brush as linear gradient.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual void SetBackgroundBrushAsLinearGradient()
        {
            var brush = new LinearGradientBrush(StartPoint, EndPoint, ForeColor, BackgroundColor);
            BackgroundBrush = brush;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the background brush as solid.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual void SetBackgroundBrushAsSolid()
        {
            var brush = new SolidBrush(BackgroundColor);
            BackgroundBrush = brush;
        }
// Private Methods (1) 

        /// <summary>
        /// Calulates the size of the location and.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">The end point.</param>
        private void CalulateLocationAndSize(PointF startPoint, PointF endPoint)
        {
            float x = 0, y = 0;
            float width = Math.Abs(endPoint.X - startPoint.X);
            float height = Math.Abs(endPoint.Y - startPoint.Y);
            if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X >= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y <= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = endPoint.X;
                y = startPoint.Y;
            }
            else if (startPoint.X <= endPoint.X && startPoint.Y >= endPoint.Y)
            {
                x = startPoint.X;
                y = endPoint.Y;
            }
            StartPoint = new PointF(x, y);
            EndPoint = new PointF(X + width, Y + height);
        }

#endregion Methods 
    }
}

 public class HandleConcurrencyExceptionAttribute : FilterAttribute, IExceptionFilter
    {
        private PropertyMatchingMode _propertyMatchingMode;
        /// <summary>
        /// This defines when the concurrencyexception happens, 
        /// </summary>
        public enum PropertyMatchingMode
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// Uses only the field names in the model to check against the entity. This option is best when you are using 
            /// View Models with limited fields as opposed to an entity that has many fields. The ViewModel (or model) field names will
            /// be used to check current posted values vs. db values on the entity itself.
            /// </summary>
            UseViewModelNamesToCheckEntity = 0,
            /// <summary>
            /// Use any non-matching value fields on the entity (except timestamp fields) to add errors to the ModelState.
            /// </summary>
            UseEntityFieldsOnly = 1,
            /// <summary>
            /// Tells the filter to not attempt to add field differences to the model state.
            /// This means the end user will not see the specifics of which fields caused issues
            /// </summary>
            DontDisplayFieldClashes = 2
        }


        public HandleConcurrencyExceptionAttribute()
        {
            _propertyMatchingMode = PropertyMatchingMode.UseViewModelNamesToCheckEntity;
        }

        public HandleConcurrencyExceptionAttribute(PropertyMatchingMode propertyMatchingMode)
        {
            _propertyMatchingMode = propertyMatchingMode;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// The main method, called by the mvc runtime when an exception has occured.
        /// This must be added as a global filter, or as an attribute on a class or action method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filterContext"></param>
        public void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
        {
            if (!filterContext.ExceptionHandled && filterContext.Exception is DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
            {
                //Get original and current entity values
                DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex = (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)filterContext.Exception;
                var entry = ex.Entries.Single();
                //problems with ef4.1/4.2 here because of context/model in different projects.
                //var databaseValues = entry.CurrentValues.Clone().ToObject();
                //var clientValues = entry.Entity;
                //So - if using EF 4.1/4.2 you may use this workaround
                var clientValues = entry.CurrentValues.Clone().ToObject();
                entry.Reload();
                var databaseValues = entry.CurrentValues.ToObject();

                List<string> propertyNames;

                filterContext.Controller.ViewData.ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "The record you attempted to edit "
                        + "was modified by another user after you got the original value. The "
                        + "edit operation was canceled and the current values in the database "
                        + "have been displayed. If you still want to edit this record, click "
                        + "the Save button again to cause your changes to be the current saved values.");
                PropertyInfo[] entityFromDbProperties = databaseValues.GetType().GetProperties(BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);

                if (_propertyMatchingMode == PropertyMatchingMode.UseViewModelNamesToCheckEntity)
                {
                    //We dont have access to the model here on an exception. Get the field names from modelstate:
                    propertyNames = filterContext.Controller.ViewData.ModelState.Keys.ToList();
                }
                else if (_propertyMatchingMode == PropertyMatchingMode.UseEntityFieldsOnly)
                {
                    propertyNames = databaseValues.GetType().GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public).Select(o => o.Name).ToList();
                }
                else
                {
                    filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;
                    UpdateTimestampField(filterContext, entityFromDbProperties, databaseValues);
                    filterContext.Result = new ViewResult() { ViewData = filterContext.Controller.ViewData };
                    return;
                }



                UpdateTimestampField(filterContext, entityFromDbProperties, databaseValues);

                //Get all public properties of the entity that have names matching those in our modelstate.
                foreach (var propertyInfo in entityFromDbProperties)
                {

                    //If this value is not in the ModelState values, don't compare it as we don't want
                    //to attempt to emit model errors for fields that don't exist.

                    //Compare db value to the current value from the entity we posted.

                    if (propertyNames.Contains(propertyInfo.Name))
                    {
                        if (propertyInfo.GetValue(databaseValues, null) != propertyInfo.GetValue(clientValues, null))
                        {
                            var currentValue = propertyInfo.GetValue(databaseValues, null);
                            if (currentValue == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(currentValue.ToString()))
                            {
                                currentValue = "Empty";
                            }

                            filterContext.Controller.ViewData.ModelState.AddModelError(propertyInfo.Name, "Current value: "
                                 + currentValue);
                        }
                    }

                    //TODO: hmm.... how can we only check values applicable to the model/modelstate rather than the entity we saved?
                    //The problem here is we may only have a few fields used in the viewmodel, but many in the entity
                    //so we could have a problem here with that.
                    //object o = propertyInfo.GetValue(myObject, null);
                }

                filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;

                filterContext.Result = new ViewResult() { ViewData = filterContext.Controller.ViewData };
            }
        }