public class Location {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string LocationName { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<User> Users { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<Person> People { get; set; }

    }

   public class Person {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [MaxLength (250)]
        [Required]
        public string LastName { get; set; }

        [MaxLength (250)]
        [Required]
        public string FirstName { get; set; }


        public int? UserId { get; set; }
        public  virtual User User { get; set; }
        public int? LocationId { get; set; }
        public virtual Location Location { get; set; }

    }

   public class User {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength (250)]
        public string LastName { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength (250)]
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength (250)]
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [MaxLength (250)]
        public string Password { get; set; }

        public int? LocationId { get; set; }
        public virtual Location Location { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Person> People { get; set; }
}

    public class EfRolesService : IRolesService
    {
        readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
        readonly IDbSet<Role> _roles;
        public EfRolesService(IUnitOfWork uow)
        {
            _uow = uow;
            _roles = _uow.Set<Role>();
        }

        public IList<Role> FindUserRoles(int userId)
        {
            var query = from role in _roles
                        from user in role.Users
                        where user.Id == userId
                        select role;

            return query.OrderBy(x => x.Name).ToList();
        }

        public string[] GetRolesForUser(int userId)
        {
            var roles = FindUserRoles(userId);
            if (roles == null || !roles.Any())
            {
                return new string[] { };
            }

            return roles.Select(x => x.Name).ToArray();
        }

        public bool IsUserInRole(int userId, string roleName)
        {
            var query = from role in _roles
                        where role.Name == roleName
                        from user in role.Users
                        where user.Id == userId
                        select role;
            var userRole = query.FirstOrDefault();
            return userRole != null;
        }
    }

    public class CustomRoleProvider : RoleProvider
    {
        public override bool IsUserInRole(string username, string roleName)
        {
            // Since the role provider, in this case the CustomRoleProvider is instantiated by 
            // the ASP.NET framework the best solution is to use the service locator pattern. 
            // The service locator pattern is normally considered to be an anti-pattern but 
            // sometimes you have to be pragmatic and accept the limitation on the framework 
            // that is being used (in this case the ASP.NET framework).

            var rolesService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IRolesService>();
            return rolesService.IsUserInRole(username.ToInt(), roleName);
        }

        public override string[] GetRolesForUser(string username)
        {
            var rolesService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IRolesService>();
            return rolesService.GetRolesForUser(username.ToInt());
        }
// مابقی نیازی نیست پیاده سازی شوند

dotnet new webapi --minimal -o YourDirectoryPath:\YourFolderName

version: '3.1'

services:

  db:
    image: postgres
    container_name: db
    restart: always
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
      POSTGRES_USERNAME: postgres
      POSTGRES_DB: BloggingDb
    ports:
        - "5432:5432"
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/data/db

  adminer:
    image: adminer
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
  
  pgadmin4:
    image: dpage/pgadmin4
    restart: always
    environment:
      PGADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL: pgadmin4@pgadmin.org
      PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD: admin
      PGADMIN_CONFIG_SERVER_MODE: 'False'
    ports:
      - 5050:80
    volumes:
      - pgadmin:/var/lib/pgadmin
    depends_on:
      - db

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  pgadmin:

docker compose up -d

"ConnectionStrings": {
    "BloggingContext": "Username=postgres;Password=postgres;Server=localhost;Database=BloggingDb”
}

dotnet add package Npgsql.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design

namespace NpgsqlAPI.Models;

public class Post
{
    public int PostId { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; } = null!;
    public string Content { get; set; } = null!;

    public int BlogId { get; set; }
    public Blog Blog { get; set; } = null!;
}

namespace NpgsqlAPI.Models;

public class Blog
{
    public int BlogId { get; set; }
    public string? Url { get; set; }

    public List<Post>? Posts { get; set; }
}

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using NpgsqlAPI.Models;

namespace NpgsqlAPI.Data;

public class BloggingContext : DbContext
{
    public BloggingContext(DbContextOptions<BloggingContext> options)
        : base(options)
    {
    }
    public DbSet<Blog> Blogs => Set<Blog>();
    public DbSet<Post

using NpgsqlAPI.Models;

namespace NpgsqlAPI.Services.Blogs;
public interface IBlogServices
{
    Task<IEnumerable<Blog>> GetList();
    Task<Blog?> Get(uint id);
    Task<uint> Add(Blog obj);
    Task AddRange(Blog[] obj);
    Task Update(Blog obj);
    Task UpdateRange(Blog[] obj);
    Task Remove(uint id);
}

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using NpgsqlAPI.Data;
using NpgsqlAPI.Models;

namespace NpgsqlAPI.Services.Blogs;
public sealed class BlogEFServices : IBlogServices
{
    private readonly BloggingContext _context;
    public BlogEFServices(BloggingContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }

    public async Task<uint> Add(Blog obj)
    {
        await _context.Blogs.AddAsync(obj);
        return (uint)await SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    public async Task AddRange(Blog[] obj)
    {
        await _context.Blogs.AddRangeAsync(obj);
        await SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    public async Task<Blog?> Get(uint id)
    {
        return await _context.Blogs.FirstOrDefaultAsync(x=>x.BlogId == id);
    }

    public async Task<IEnumerable<Blog>> GetList()
    {
       return await _context.Blogs.ToListAsync();
    }

    public async Task Remove(uint id)
    {
        var entity = await Get(id);
        _context.Blogs.Remove(entity!);
        await SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    public async Task Update(Blog obj)
    {
        _context.Blogs.Update(obj);
        await SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    public async Task UpdateRange(Blog[] obj)
    {
        _context.Blogs.UpdateRange(obj);
        await SaveChangesAsync();
    }

    private async Task<int> SaveChangesAsync()
    {
        return await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
}

using System.Data;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Npgsql;
using NpgsqlAPI.Services.Blogs;
using NpgsqlAPI.Data;
using NpgsqlAPI.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

string connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("BloggingContext")!;

builder.Services.AddDbContext<BloggingContext>(options =>
        options.UseNpgsql(connectionString));

builder.Services.AddTransient<IDbConnection>(_ => new NpgsqlConnection(connectionString));

// builder.Services.AddScoped<IBlogServices, BlogDapperServices>();
// builder.Services.AddScoped<IBlogServices, BlogEFRawQueryServices>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<IBlogServices, BlogEFServices>();

var app = builder.Build();

if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseSwagger();
    app.UseSwaggerUI();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

app.MapGet("/blogs", async (IBlogServices service) => await service.GetList())
.WithName("GetBlogs")
.WithOpenApi();

app.MapGet("/blogs/{id}", async (IBlogServices service, uint id) => await service.Get(id))
.WithName("GetBlog")
.WithOpenApi();

app.MapPost("/blogs", async (IBlogServices service, Blog blog) => await service.Add(blog))
.WithName("AddBlog")
.WithOpenApi();

app.MapDelete("/blogs/{id}", async (IBlogServices service, uint id) => await service.Remove(id))
.WithName("RemoveBlog")
.WithOpenApi();

app.MapPut("/blogs", async (IBlogServices service, Blog blog) => await service.Update(blog))
.WithName("UpdateBlog")
.WithOpenApi();

app.MapPut("/blogs/Bulk", async (IBlogServices service, Blog[] blogs) =>
 await service.UpdateRange(blogs))
.WithName("UpdateBulkBlog")
.WithOpenApi();

app.MapPost("/blogs/Bulk", async (IBlogServices service, Blog[] blogs) =>
 await service.AddRange(blogs))
.WithName("AddBulkBlog")
.WithOpenApi();

app.Run();

dotnet ef migrations add Init
dotnet ef database update

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Models
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int ProductId { set; get; }
        public string ProductName { set; get; }
        public decimal Price { set; get; }
        public bool IsAvailable { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Models
{
    public static class ProductDataSource
    {
        private static readonly IList<Product> _cachedItems;
        static ProductDataSource()
        {
            _cachedItems = createProductsDataSource();
        }

        public static IList<Product> LatestProducts
        {
            get { return _cachedItems; }
        }

        private static IList<Product> createProductsDataSource()
        {
            var list = new List<Product>();
            for (var i = 0; i < 1500; i++)
            {
                list.Add(new Product
                {
                    ProductId = i + 1,
                    ProductName = "نام " + (i + 1),
                    IsAvailable = (i % 2 == 0),
                    Price = 1000 + i
                });
            }
            return list;
        }
    }
}

 http://localhost:5000/api/Product/GetPagedProducts?sortBy=productId&isAscending=true&page=2&pageSize=7

    public interface IPagedQueryModel
    {
        string SortBy { get; set; }
        bool IsAscending { get; set; }
        int Page { get; set; }
        int PageSize { get; set; }
    }

    public class ProductQueryViewModel : IPagedQueryModel
    {
        // ... other properties ...

        public string SortBy { get; set; }
        public bool IsAscending { get; set; }
        public int Page { get; set; }
        public int PageSize { get; set; }
    }

    public static class IQueryableExtensions
    {
        public static IQueryable<T> ApplyPaging<T>(
          this IQueryable<T> query, IPagedQueryModel model)
        {
            if (model.Page <= 0)
            {
                model.Page = 1;
            }

            if (model.PageSize <= 0)
            {
                model.PageSize = 10;
            }

            return query.Skip((model.Page - 1) * model.PageSize).Take(model.PageSize);
        }
    }

 http://localhost:5000/api/Product/GetPagedProducts?sortBy=productId&isAscending=true&page=2&pageSize=7

if(model.SortBy == "f1")
{
   query = !model.IsAscending ? query.OrderByDescending(x => x.F1) : query.OrderBy(x => x.F1);
}

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Utils
{
    public static class IQueryableExtensions
    {
        public static IQueryable<T> ApplyOrdering<T>(
          this IQueryable<T> query,
          IPagedQueryModel model,
          IDictionary<string, Expression<Func<T, object>>> columnsMap)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(model.SortBy) || !columnsMap.ContainsKey(model.SortBy))
            {
                return query;
            }

            if (model.IsAscending)
            {
                return query.OrderBy(columnsMap[model.SortBy]);
            }
            else
            {
                return query.OrderByDescending(columnsMap[model.SortBy]);
            }
        }
    }
}

var columnsMap = new Dictionary<string, Expression<Func<Product, object>>>()
            {
                ["productId"] = p => p.ProductId,
                ["productName"] = p => p.ProductName,
                ["isAvailable"] = p => p.IsAvailable,
                ["price"] = p => p.Price
            };
query = query.ApplyOrdering(queryModel, columnsMap);

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Models
{
    public class PagedQueryResult<T>
    {
        public int TotalItems { get; set; }
        public IEnumerable<T> Items { get; set; }
    }
}

    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class ProductController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet("[action]")]
        public PagedQueryResult<Product> GetPagedProducts(ProductQueryViewModel queryModel)
        {
            var pagedResult = new PagedQueryResult<Product>();

            var query = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts
                                         .AsQueryable();

            //TODO: Apply Filtering ... .where(p => p....) ...

            var columnsMap = new Dictionary<string, Expression<Func<Product, object>>>()
            {
                ["productId"] = p => p.ProductId,
                ["productName"] = p => p.ProductName,
                ["isAvailable"] = p => p.IsAvailable,
                ["price"] = p => p.Price
            };
            query = query.ApplyOrdering(queryModel, columnsMap);

            pagedResult.TotalItems = query.Count();
            query = query.ApplyPaging(queryModel);
            pagedResult.Items = query.ToList();
            return pagedResult;
        }
    }

 public PagedQueryResult<Product> GetPagedProducts(ProductQueryViewModel queryModel)

 var query = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts
  .AsQueryable();

//TODO: Apply Filtering ... .where(p => p....) ...

var columnsMap = new Dictionary<string, Expression<Func<Product, object>>>()
            {
                ["productId"] = p => p.ProductId,
                ["productName"] = p => p.ProductName,
                ["isAvailable"] = p => p.IsAvailable,
                ["price"] = p => p.Price
            };
query = query.ApplyOrdering(queryModel, columnsMap);

var pagedResult = new PagedQueryResult<Product>();
pagedResult.TotalItems = query.Count();
query = query.ApplyPaging(queryModel);
pagedResult.Items = query.ToList();
return pagedResult;

enable-migrations
add-migration Initial -IgnoreChanges
update-database

using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations.Design;

namespace EFTests
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Using Entity Framework Code First with an existing database.
    /// </summary>
    public static class CreateMigrationHistory
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new '__MigrationHistory' table.
        /// Enables migrations using Entity Framework Code First on an existing database.
        /// </summary>        
        public static void UpdateDatabase(DbMigrationsConfiguration configuration)
        {            
            var scaffolder = new MigrationScaffolder(configuration);
            // Creates an empty migration, so that the future migrations will start from the current state of your database.
            var scaffoldedMigration = scaffolder.Scaffold("IgnoreChanges", ignoreChanges: true);

            // enable-migrations
            // add-migration Initial -IgnoreChanges
            configuration.MigrationsAssembly = new MigrationCompiler(ProgrammingLanguage.CSharp.ToString())
                                                .Compile(configuration.MigrationsNamespace, scaffoldedMigration);

            // update-database  
            var dbMigrator = new DbMigrator(configuration);            
            dbMigrator.Update();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations.Design;
using System.Data.Entity.Spatial;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Resources;
using System.Text;

namespace EF_General.Models.Ex22
{
    public enum ProgrammingLanguage
    {
        CSharp,
        VB
    }

    public class MigrationCompiler
    {
        private readonly CodeDomProvider _codeProvider;

        public MigrationCompiler(string language)
        {
            _codeProvider = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider(language);
        }

        public Assembly Compile(string @namespace, params ScaffoldedMigration[] scaffoldedMigrations)
        {
            var options = new CompilerParameters
            {
                GenerateExecutable = false,
                GenerateInMemory = true
            };

            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(string).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(Expression).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbMigrator).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbContext).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbConnection).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(Component).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(MigrationCompiler).Assembly.Location);
            options.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(DbGeography).Assembly.Location);

            var embededResources = GenerateEmbeddedResources(scaffoldedMigrations, @namespace);
            foreach (var resource in embededResources)
                options.EmbeddedResources.Add(resource);

            var sources = scaffoldedMigrations.SelectMany(g => new[] { g.UserCode, g.DesignerCode });

            var compilerResults = _codeProvider.CompileAssemblyFromSource(options, sources.ToArray());
            foreach (var resource in embededResources)
                File.Delete(resource);

            if (compilerResults.Errors.Count > 0)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(BuildCompileErrorMessage(compilerResults.Errors));
            }

            return compilerResults.CompiledAssembly;
        }

        private static string BuildCompileErrorMessage(CompilerErrorCollection errors)
        {
            var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

            foreach (CompilerError error in errors)
            {
                stringBuilder.AppendLine(error.ToString());
            }

            return stringBuilder.ToString();
        }

        private static IEnumerable<string> GenerateEmbeddedResources(IEnumerable<ScaffoldedMigration> scaffoldedMigrations, string @namespace)
        {
            foreach (var scaffoldedMigration in scaffoldedMigrations)
            {
                var className = GetClassName(scaffoldedMigration.MigrationId);
                var embededResource = Path.Combine(
                    Path.GetTempPath(),
                    @namespace + "." + className + ".resources");

                using (var writer = new ResourceWriter(embededResource))
                {
                    foreach (var resource in scaffoldedMigration.Resources)
                        writer.AddResource(resource.Key, resource.Value);
                }

                yield return embededResource;
            }
        }

        private static string GetClassName(string migrationId)
        {
            return migrationId
                .Split(new[] { '_' }, 2)
                .Last()
                .Replace(" ", string.Empty);
        }
    }
}

 CreateMigrationHistory.UpdateDatabase(new Configuration());

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }
    }

public IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()
{
    using (var stream = File.Read(Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "products.xml")))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

public IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()
{
    var fullPath = Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "ProductCache.xml");
    if (!File.Exists(fullPath))
        return new Product[0];
         
    using (var stream = File.Read(fullPath))
    {
        var serializer = new XmlSerializer();
        return (IEnumerable<Product>)serializer.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts()

IEnumerable<Product> GetCachedProducts()

public class UserRepository : IUserRepository
{
    public IList<User> Search(string value)
    {
        try
        {
              return CreateConnectionAndACommandAndReturnAList("WHERE value=@value", Parameter.New("value", value));
        }
        catch (SqlException err)
        {
             var msg = String.Format("Ohh no!  Failed to search after users with '{0}' as search string", value);
             throw new DataSourceException(msg, err);
        }
    }
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public void PrintName(string name)
{
    if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
    if (name.Length < 5 || name.Length > 10) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "Name must be between 5 or 10 characters long");
    if (name.Any(x => !char.IsAlphaNumeric(x)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("name", name, "May only contain alpha numerics");
     
     Console.WriteLine(name);
}

public User GetUser(int id)
{
}

var user = datasource.GetUser(userId);
if (user == null)
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to find user: " + userId);
// actual logic here

public User GetUser(int id)
{
    if (id <= 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("id", id, "Valid ids are from 1 and above. Do you have a parsing error somewhere?");
    
    var user = db.Execute<User>("WHERE Id = ?", id);
    if (user == null)
        throw new EntityNotFoundException("Failed to find user with id " + id);
        
    return user;
}

try
{
    FutileAttemptToResist();
}
catch (BorgException err)
{
     _myDearLog.Error("I'm in da cube! Ohh no!", err);
    throw err;
}

try
{
    GreaseTinMan();
}
catch (InvalidOperationException err)
{
    throw new TooScaredLion("The Lion was not in the m00d", err); //<---- استثناء اصلی بهتر است به استثناء جدید پاس داده شود
}

try
{
   socket.Connect("somethingawful.com", 80);
}
catch (SocketException err)
{
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Socket failed", err);  
}

void IncreaseStatusForUser(int userId, int newStatus)
{
    try
    {
         var user  = _repository.Get(userId);
         if (user == null)
             throw new UpdateException(string.Format("Failed to find user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus));
    
         user.Status = newStatus;
         _repository.Save(user);
    }
   catch (DataSourceException err)
   {
       var errMsg = string.Format("Failed to find modify user #{0} when trying to increase status to {1}", userId, newStatus);
        throw new UpdateException(errMsg, err);
   }

public NewException()
public NewException(string description )
public NewException(string description, Exception inner)
protected or private NewException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)

“The given key was not present in the dictionary.”

“The key ‘abrakadabra’ was not present in the dictionary.”

public class SampleException : Exception
{
    public SampleException(string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
    }
 
    public SampleException(string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
    }
 
    public SampleException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    System.Net.HttpStatusCode _statusCode;
     
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description)
        : base(description)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(System.Net.HttpStatusCode statusCode, string description, Exception inner)
        : base(description, inner)
    {
        if (description == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("description");
        if (inner == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inner");
        _statusCode = statusCode;
    }
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
    }
     
    public System.Net.HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
}

public override string Message
{
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
}

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    // [...]
 
    public HttpException(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        : base(info, context)
    {
        // this is new
        StatusCode = (HttpStatusCode) info.GetInt32("HttpStatusCode");
    }
 
    public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; private set; }
 
    public override string Message
    {
        get { return base.Message + "\r\nStatus code: " + StatusCode; }
    }
 
    // this is new
    public override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
    {
        base.GetObjectData(info, context);
        info.AddValue("HttpStatusCode", (int) StatusCode);
    }
}

throw new Exception("Unknown FaileType");
throw new Exception("Unecpected workingDirectory");

"Unecpected workingDirectory"