using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace BlazorServer.Entities
{
    public class HotelRoomImage
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string RoomImageUrl { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("RoomId")]
        public virtual HotelRoom HotelRoom { get; set; }
        public int RoomId { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Entities
{
    public class HotelRoom
    {
        // ...
        public virtual ICollection<HotelRoomImage> HotelRoomImages { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.DataAccess
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<HotelRoomImage> HotelRoomImages { get; set; }

        // ...
    }
}

dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 5.0.3
dotnet build
dotnet ef migrations --startup-project ../BlazorServer.App/ add Init --context ApplicationDbContext
dotnet ef --startup-project ../BlazorServer.App/ database update --context ApplicationDbContext

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class HotelRoomImageDTO
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public int RoomId { get; set; }

        public string RoomImageUrl { get; set; }
    }
}

using AutoMapper;
using BlazorServer.Entities;

namespace BlazorServer.Models.Mappings
{
    public class MappingProfile : Profile
    {
        public MappingProfile()
        {
            // ...
            CreateMap<HotelRoomImageDTO, HotelRoomImage>().ReverseMap(); // two-way mapping
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public interface IHotelRoomImageService
    {
        Task<int> CreateHotelRoomImageAsync(HotelRoomImageDTO imageDTO);

        Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByImageIdAsync(int imageId);

        Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByRoomIdAsync(int roomId);

        Task<List<HotelRoomImageDTO>> GetHotelRoomImagesAsync(int roomId);
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class HotelRoomImageService : IHotelRoomImageService
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        private readonly IMapper _mapper;
        private readonly IConfigurationProvider _mapperConfiguration;

        public HotelRoomImageService(ApplicationDbContext dbContext, IMapper mapper)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
            _mapper = mapper ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mapper));
            _mapperConfiguration = mapper.ConfigurationProvider;
        }

        public async Task<int> CreateHotelRoomImageAsync(HotelRoomImageDTO imageDTO)
        {
            var image = _mapper.Map<HotelRoomImage>(imageDTO);
            await _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.AddAsync(image);
            return await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        public async Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByImageIdAsync(int imageId)
        {
            var image = await _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.FindAsync(imageId);
            _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.Remove(image);
            return await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        public async Task<int> DeleteHotelRoomImageByRoomIdAsync(int roomId)
        {
            var imageList = await _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.Where(x => x.RoomId == roomId).ToListAsync();
            _dbContext.HotelRoomImages.RemoveRange(imageList);
            return await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        public Task<List<HotelRoomImageDTO>> GetHotelRoomImagesAsync(int roomId)
        {
            return _dbContext.HotelRoomImages
                            .Where(x => x.RoomId == roomId)
                            .ProjectTo<HotelRoomImageDTO>(_mapperConfiguration)
                            .ToListAsync();
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IHotelRoomImageService, HotelRoomImageService>();
            // ...

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public interface IFileUploadService
    {
        void DeleteFile(string fileName, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder);
        Task<string> UploadFileAsync(IBrowserFile inputFile, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder);
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class FileUploadService : IFileUploadService
    {
        private const int MaxBufferSize = 0x10000;

        public void DeleteFile(string fileName, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            var path = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder, fileName);
            if (File.Exists(path))
            {
                File.Delete(path);
            }
        }

        public async Task<string> UploadFileAsync(IBrowserFile inputFile, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            createUploadDir(webRootPath, uploadFolder);
            var (fileName, imageFilePath) = getOutputFileInfo(inputFile, webRootPath, uploadFolder);

            using (var outputFileStream = new FileStream(
                        imageFilePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write,
                        FileShare.None, MaxBufferSize, useAsync: true))
            {
                using var inputStream = inputFile.OpenReadStream();
                await inputStream.CopyToAsync(outputFileStream);
            }

            return $"{uploadFolder}/{fileName}";
        }

        private static (string FileName, string FilePath) getOutputFileInfo(
                    IBrowserFile inputFile, string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            var fileName = Path.GetFileName(inputFile.Name);
            var imageFilePath = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder, fileName);
            if (File.Exists(imageFilePath))
            {
                var fileNameWithoutExtension = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(fileName);
                var fileExtension = Path.GetExtension(fileName);
                fileName = $"{fileNameWithoutExtension}-{Guid.NewGuid()}{fileExtension}";
                imageFilePath = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder, fileName);
            }
            return (fileName, imageFilePath);
        }

        private static void createUploadDir(string webRootPath, string uploadFolder)
        {
            var folderDirectory = Path.Combine(webRootPath, uploadFolder);
            if (!Directory.Exists(folderDirectory))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(folderDirectory);
            }
        }
    }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web" Version="5.0.3" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

namespace BlazorServer.App
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IFileUploadService, FileUploadService>();
            // ...

    public class BlogComment
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Body { get; set; }

        public DateTime Date1 { get; set; }


        public virtual BlogComment Reply { get; set; }
        public int? ReplyId { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=testdb2;Integrated Security = true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogComment>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.ReplyId);

                entity.HasOne(d => d.Reply)
                    .WithMany(p => p.Children)
                    .HasForeignKey(d => d.ReplyId);
            });
        }

        public virtual DbSet<BlogComment> BlogComments { get; set; }
    }

   public virtual BlogComment Reply { get; set; }

   public int? ReplyId { get; set; }

 public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }

    public class BlogComment
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Body { get; set; }
        public DateTime Date1 { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("ReplyId")]
        [InverseProperty("Children")]
        public virtual BlogComment Reply { get; set; }
        public int? ReplyId { get; set; }

        [InverseProperty("Reply")]
        public virtual ICollection<BlogComment> Children { get; set; }
    }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<BlogComment>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.ReplyId);
            });
        }

var comment1 = new BlogComment { Body = "نظر من این است که" };
var comment12 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به نظر اول", Reply = comment1 };
var comment121 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به پاسخ به نظر اول", Reply = comment12 };

context.BlogComments.Add(comment121);

var comment2 = new BlogComment { Body = "نظر من این بود که" };
var comment22 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به نظر قبلی", Reply = comment2 };
var comment221 = new BlogComment { Body = "پاسخی به پاسخ به نظر من اول", Reply = comment22 };
context.BlogComments.Add(comment221);

context.SaveChanges();

var id = 1;
var childIds = new List<int>();
 
var connection = context.Database.GetDbConnection();
connection.Open();
var command = connection.CreateCommand();
command.CommandText =
    @"WITH Hierachy(ChildId, ParentId) AS (
                SELECT Id, ReplyId
                    FROM BlogComments
                UNION ALL
                SELECT h.ChildId, bc.ReplyId
                    FROM BlogComments bc
                    INNER JOIN Hierachy h ON bc.Id = h.ParentId
            )
 
            SELECT h.ChildId
                FROM Hierachy h
                WHERE h.ParentId = @Id";
command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("id", id));
 
var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
    var childId = (int)reader[0];
    childIds.Add(childId);
}
reader.Dispose();

 
var list = context.BlogComments
                .Where(blogComment => blogComment.Id == id ||
                                      childIds.Contains(blogComment.Id))
                .ToList();

exec sp_executesql N'WITH Hierachy(ChildId, ParentId) AS (
                            SELECT Id, ReplyId
                                FROM BlogComments
                            UNION ALL
                            SELECT h.ChildId, bc.ReplyId
                                FROM BlogComments bc
                                INNER JOIN Hierachy h ON bc.Id = h.ParentId
                        )

                        SELECT h.ChildId
                            FROM Hierachy h
                            WHERE h.ParentId = @Id',N'@id int',@id=1

 exec sp_executesql N'SELECT [blogComment].[Id], [blogComment].[Body], [blogComment].[Date1], [blogComment].[ReplyId]
FROM [BlogComments] AS [blogComment]
WHERE [blogComment].[Id] IN (@__id_0, 3, 5)',N'@__id_0 int',@__id_0=1

var blogs = from blog in Blogs
   where blog.Name.Contains("Development")
   select blog;

var blogs = from blog in Blogs
   where blog.Name.ComputeHash() == 0
   select blog;

public class Blog
{
   public int BlogId { get; set; }
   public string Url { get; set; }  
}

    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        public static int ComputeHash(this string str)
        {
            var hash = 0;
            foreach (var ch in str)
            {
                hash += (int)ch;
            }
            return hash;
        }
    }

using (var context = new BloggingContext())
{
   var blogs = context.Blogs
     .Where(blog => blog.Url.ComputeHash() >= 10)
     .ToList();
   Console.WriteLine(blogs.First().Url);
}

SELECT [blog].[BlogId], [blog].[Url]
   FROM [Blogs] AS [blog]

var idUrls = context.Blogs
   .Select(b => new
   {
      IdUrlString = string.Join(", ", b.BlogId, b.Url),
   }).ToList();

    public class BloggingContext : DbContext
    {
        public BloggingContext()
        { }

        public BloggingContext(DbContextOptions options)
            : base(options)
        { }

        public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            if (!optionsBuilder.IsConfigured)
            {
                optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=Demo.ClientSideEvaluation;Trusted_Connection=True;");
                optionsBuilder.ConfigureWarnings(warnings =>
                {
                    warnings.Log(CoreEventId.IncludeIgnoredWarning);
                    warnings.Log(RelationalEventId.QueryClientEvaluationWarning);
                });
            }
        }
    }

 warn: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query[200500]
The LINQ expression 'where ([blog].Url.ComputeHash() >= 10)' could not be translated and will be evaluated locally.

var idUrls2 = context.Blogs
   .Select(b => new
   {
     IdUrlString = b.BlogId + "," + b.Url
   }).ToList();

SELECT (CAST([b].[BlogId] AS nvarchar(max)) + N',') + [b].[Url] AS [IdUrlString]
FROM [Blogs] AS [b]

1- Inline Constraints

app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
    routes.MapRoute("Values",
        "api/values/{id:int}",
        new { controller = "Values", action = "Get" });
});

[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
{
    [HttpGet("{name:minlength(2):maxlength(10):alpha}")]
    public IActionResult Get(string name)
    {
        return Ok(name);
    }
}

2- MapRoute's Constraints Argument

app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Values",
        template: "api/values/{name}",
        defaults: new { controller = "Values", action = "Get" },
        constraints: new
        {
            name = new CompositeRouteConstraint(new List<IRouteConstraint>
            {
                new AlphaRouteConstraint(),
                new MinLengthRouteConstraint(2),
                new MaxLengthRouteConstraint(10)
            })
        });
});

public class StartsWithConstraint : IRouteConstraint
{
    public StartsWithConstraint(string startsWith)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(startsWith))
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(StartsWith));
        StartsWith = startsWith;
    }

    private string StartsWith { get; }

    public bool Match(HttpContext httpContext,
        IRouter route,
        string parameterName,
        RouteValueDictionary values,
        RouteDirection routeDirection)
    {
        if (parameterName == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(parameterName));

        if (values == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(values));

        if (!values.TryGetValue(parameterName, out var value) || value == null) 
            return false;

        string valueString = Convert.ToString(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        return valueString.StartsWith(StartsWith);
    }
}

services.Configure<RouteOptions>(opt =>
opt.ConstraintMap.Add("startsWith", typeof(StartsWithConstraint)));

[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
{
    [HttpGet("{name:minlength(2):maxlength(10):alpha:startsWith(Mo)}")]
    public IActionResult Get(string name)
    {
        return Ok(name);
    }
}

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace Models;

public record OrderPlace
{
    public Address BillingAddress { get; set; } = new();
    public Address ShippingAddress { get; set; } = new();
}

public class Address
{
    [Required] public string Name { get; set; } = default!;
    public string? AddressLine1 { get; set; }
    public string? AddressLine2 { get; set; }
    public string? City { get; set; }
    [Required] public string PostCode { get; set; } = default!;
}

@inherits Editor<Models.Address>

<div>
    <label>Name</label>
    <InputText @bind-Value="Value.Name"/>
</div>
<div>
    <label>Address 1</label>
    <InputText @bind-Value="Value.AddressLine1"/>
</div>
<div>
    <label>Address 2</label>
    <InputText @bind-Value="Value.AddressLine2"/>
</div>
<div>
    <label>City</label>
    <InputText @bind-Value="Value.City"/>
</div>
<div>
    <label>Post Code</label>
    <InputText @bind-Value="Value.PostCode"/>
</div>

@page "/checkout"

@using Models
@if (!_submitted && PlaceModel != null)
{
    <EditForm Model="PlaceModel" method="post" OnValidSubmit="SubmitOrder" FormName="checkout">
        <DataAnnotationsValidator/>

        <h4>Bill To:</h4>
        <AddressEntry @bind-Value="PlaceModel.BillingAddress"/>

        <h4>Ship To:</h4>
        <AddressEntry @bind-Value="PlaceModel.ShippingAddress"/>

        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
        <ValidationSummary/>
    </EditForm>
}

@if (_submitted && PlaceModel != null)
{
    <div>
        <h2>Order Summary</h2>

        <h3>Shipping To:</h3>
        <dl>
            <dt>Name</dt>
            <dd>@PlaceModel.BillingAddress.Name</dd>
            <dt>Address 1</dt>
            <dd>@PlaceModel.BillingAddress.AddressLine1</dd>
            <dt>Address 2</dt>
            <dd>@PlaceModel.BillingAddress.AddressLine2</dd>
            <dt>City</dt>
            <dd>@PlaceModel.BillingAddress.City</dd>
            <dt>Post Code</dt>
            <dd>@PlaceModel.BillingAddress.PostCode</dd>
        </dl>
    </div>
}

@code {
    bool _submitted;

    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    public OrderPlace? PlaceModel { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        PlaceModel ??= GetOrderPlace();
    }

    private void SubmitOrder()
    {
        _submitted = true;
    }

    private static OrderPlace GetOrderPlace() =>
        new()
        {
            BillingAddress = new Address
                             {
                                 PostCode = "12345",
                                 Name = "Test 1",
                             },
            ShippingAddress = new Address
                              {
                                  PostCode = "67890",
                                  Name = "Test 2",
                              },
        };

}

<form method="post">
   <input type="hidden" name="_handler" value="checkout" />
   <input type="hidden" name="__RequestVerificationToken" value="CfDxxx" />
.
.
.
   <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

<EditForm Model="PlaceModel" method="post" OnValidSubmit="SubmitOrder" FormName="checkout">

[SupplyParameterFromForm]
public OrderPlace? PlaceModel { get; set; }

@page "/checkout"

<FormMappingScope Name="store-checkout">
    <CheckoutForm />
</FormMappingScope>

<form method="post">
   <input type="hidden" name="_handler" value="[store-checkout]checkout" />
   <input type="hidden" name="__RequestVerificationToken" value="CfDxxxxx" />
.
.
.
   <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

<form method="post" @onsubmit="SaveData" @formname="MyFormName">
    <AntiforgeryToken />

    <InputText @bind-Value="Name" />

    <button>Submit</button>
</form>

@page "/"

<form method="GET">
    <input type="text" name="q"/>
    <button type="submit">Search</button>
</form>


@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromQuery(Name="q")]
    public string SearchTerm { get; set; }
    
    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
       // do something with the search term
    }
}

<button class="nav-link border-0" @onclick="BeginSignOut">Log out</button>

<EditForm Context="ctx" FormName="LogoutForm" method="post" Model="@Foo" OnValidSubmit="BeginSignOut">
     <button type="submit" class="nav-link border-0">Log out</button>
</EditForm>

@code{
    [SupplyParameterFromForm(Name = "LogoutForm")]
    public string? Foo {  get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Foo = "";

    async Task BeginSignOut()
    {
        // TODO: SignOutAsync();
        // TODO: NavigateTo("/authentication/logout");
    }
}

<EditForm Model="PlaceModel" method="post" OnValidSubmit="SubmitOrder" FormName="checkout" Enhance>