using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;


[MemoryDiagnoser(displayGenColumns: false)]
public partial class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args) =>
    BenchmarkSwitcher.FromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly).Run(args);

  [Params (10, 10000)]
  public int Size { get; set; }
  private IEnumerable<int> items;

  [GlobalSetup]
  public void Setup()
  {
    items = Enumerable.Range(1, Size).ToArray();
  }  

  [Benchmark]
  public int Min() => items.Min();

  [Benchmark]
  public int Max() => items.Max();

  [Benchmark]
  public double Average() => items.Average();

  [Benchmark]
  public int Sum() => items.Sum();
}

public static int Min(this IEnumerable<int> source)
{
  if (source == null)
  {
    ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.source);
  }

  int value;
  using (IEnumerator<int> e = source.GetEnumerator())
  {
    if (!e.MoveNext())
    {
      ThrowHelper.ThrowNoElementsException();
    }

    value = e.Current;
    while (e.MoveNext())
    {
      int x = e.Current;
      if (x < value)
      {
        value = x;
      }
    }
  }
  return value;
}

public static int Min(this IEnumerable<int> source) => MinInteger(source);

private static T MinInteger<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
  where T : struct, IBinaryInteger<T>
{
  T value;

  if (source.TryGetSpan(out ReadOnlySpan<T> span))
  {
    if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && 
        span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)
    {
      .... // Optimized implementation
      return ....;
    }
  }
  .... //Implementation as in .NET 6
}

if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)

private static T MinInteger<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
where T : struct, IBinaryInteger<T>
{
  .... 
  if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)
  {
    var mins = new Vector<T>(span);
    index = Vector<T>.Count;
    do
    {
      mins = Vector.Min(mins, new Vector<T>(span.Slice(index)));
      index += Vector<T>.Count;
    }
    while (index + Vector<T>.Count <= span.Length);

    value = mins[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < Vector<T>.Count; i++)
    {  
      if (mins[i] < value)
      {
        value = mins[i];
      }
    }
  ....
}

  public virtual async Task<ClaimsPrincipal> CreateAsync(TUser user)

        public override async Task<ClaimsPrincipal> CreateAsync(User user)
        {
            var principal = await base.CreateAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false); 
            addCustomClaims(user, principal);
            return principal;
        }

        private static void addCustomClaims(User user, IPrincipal principal)
        {
            ((ClaimsIdentity) principal.Identity).AddClaims(new[]
            {
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id.ToString(), ClaimValueTypes.Integer),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.GivenName, user.FirstName ?? string.Empty),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Surname, user.LastName ?? string.Empty),
                new Claim(PhotoFileName, user.PhotoFileName ?? string.Empty, ClaimValueTypes.String),
            });
        }

services.AddScoped<IUserClaimsPrincipalFactory<User>, ApplicationClaimsPrincipalFactory>();
services.AddScoped<UserClaimsPrincipalFactory<User, Role>, ApplicationClaimsPrincipalFactory>();

services.AddScoped<IPrincipal>(provider =>
    provider.GetService<IHttpContextAccessor>()?.HttpContext?.User ?? ClaimsPrincipal.Current);

        public static string FindFirstValue(this ClaimsIdentity identity, string claimType)
        {
            return identity?.FindFirst(claimType)?.Value;
        }

        public static string GetUserClaimValue(this IIdentity identity, string claimType)
        {
            var identity1 = identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            return identity1?.FindFirstValue(claimType);
        }

 @User.Identity.GetUserDisplayName()

 // reflect the changes, in the current user's Identity cookie
await _signInManager.RefreshSignInAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);

using System;
using System.Web;

namespace OPMLCleaner
{
    public static class UrlNormalization
    {
        public static bool AreTheSameUrls(this string url1, string url2)
        {
            url1 = url1.NormalizeUrl();
            url2 = url2.NormalizeUrl();
            return url1.Equals(url2);
        }

        public static bool AreTheSameUrls(this Uri uri1, Uri uri2)
        {
            var url1 = uri1.NormalizeUrl();
            var url2 = uri2.NormalizeUrl();
            return url1.Equals(url2);
        }

        public static string[] DefaultDirectoryIndexes = new[]
            {
                "default.asp",
                "default.aspx",
                "index.htm",
                "index.html",
                "index.php"
            };

        public static string NormalizeUrl(this Uri uri)
        {
            var url = urlToLower(uri);
            url = limitProtocols(url);
            url = removeDefaultDirectoryIndexes(url);
            url = removeTheFragment(url);
            url = removeDuplicateSlashes(url);
            url = addWww(url);
            url = removeFeedburnerPart(url);
            return removeTrailingSlashAndEmptyQuery(url);
        }

        public static string NormalizeUrl(this string url)
        {
            return NormalizeUrl(new Uri(url));
        }

        private static string removeFeedburnerPart(string url)
        {
            var idx = url.IndexOf("utm_source=", StringComparison.Ordinal);
            return idx == -1 ? url : url.Substring(0, idx - 1);
        }

        private static string addWww(string url)
        {
            if (new Uri(url).Host.Split('.').Length == 2 && !url.Contains("://www."))
            {
                return url.Replace("://", "://www.");
            }
            return url;
        }

        private static string removeDuplicateSlashes(string url)
        {
            var path = new Uri(url).AbsolutePath;
            return path.Contains("//") ? url.Replace(path, path.Replace("//", "/")) : url;
        }

        private static string limitProtocols(string url)
        {
            return new Uri(url).Scheme == "https" ? url.Replace("https://", "http://") : url;
        }

        private static string removeTheFragment(string url)
        {
            var fragment = new Uri(url).Fragment;
            return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fragment) ? url : url.Replace(fragment, string.Empty);
        }

        private static string urlToLower(Uri uri)
        {
            return HttpUtility.UrlDecode(uri.AbsoluteUri.ToLowerInvariant());
        }

        private static string removeTrailingSlashAndEmptyQuery(string url)
        {
            return url
                    .TrimEnd(new[] { '?' })
                    .TrimEnd(new[] { '/' });
        }

        private static string removeDefaultDirectoryIndexes(string url)
        {
            foreach (var index in DefaultDirectoryIndexes)
            {
                if (url.EndsWith(index))
                {
                    url = url.TrimEnd(index.ToCharArray());
                    break;
                }
            }
            return url;
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<opml xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" version="1.0">
  <body>
    <outline text="آی تی ایرانی">
    <outline type="rss" 
                           text="‫فید کلی آخرین نظرات، مطالب، اشتراک‌ها و پروژه‌های .NET Tips" 
                           title="‫فید کلی آخرین نظرات، مطالب، اشتراک‌ها و پروژه‌های .NET Tips" 
                           xmlUrl="https://www.dntips.ir/Feed/LatestChanges"
                           htmlUrl="https://www.dntips.ir/" />
    </outline> 
  </body>
</opml>

using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace OPMLCleaner
{
    [XmlType(TypeName="outline")]
    public class Opml
    {
        [XmlAttribute(AttributeName="text")]
        public string Text { get; set; }

        [XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "title")]
        public string Title { get; set; }

        [XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "type")]
        public string Type { get; set; }

        [XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "xmlUrl")]
        public string XmlUrl { get; set; }

        [XmlAttribute(AttributeName = "htmlUrl")]
        public string HtmlUrl { get; set; }
    }
}

var document = XDocument.Load("it-92-03-01.opml");
var results = (from node in document.Descendants("outline")
                           where node.Attribute("htmlUrl") != null && node.Parent.Attribute("text") != null 
                            && node.Parent.Attribute("text").Value == "آی تی ایرانی"
                           select new Opml
                           {
                               HtmlUrl = (string)node.Attribute("htmlUrl"),
                               Text = (string)node.Attribute("text"),
                               Title = (string)node.Attribute("title"),
                               Type = (string)node.Attribute("type"),
                               XmlUrl = (string)node.Attribute("xmlUrl")
                           }).ToList();

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace OPMLCleaner
{
    public class OpmlCompare : EqualityComparer<Opml>
    {
        public override bool Equals(Opml x, Opml y)
        {
            return UrlNormalization.AreTheSameUrls(x.HtmlUrl, y.HtmlUrl);                
        }

        public override int GetHashCode(Opml obj)
        {
            return obj.HtmlUrl.GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}

 var distinctResults = results.Distinct(new OpmlCompare()).ToList();

var result = 
    from product in dbContext.Products
    where product.Category.Name == "Toys"
    where product.Price >= 2.50
    select product.Name;

• Fluent Syntax : 

var result = dbContext.Products
    .Where(p => p.Category.Name == "Toys" && p.Price >= 250)
    .Select(p => p.Name);

    public class Student
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Field1 { get; set; }
        public string Field2 { get; set; }
        public string Field3 { get; set; }


        public static IEnumerable<Student> GetStudentSource()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                yield return new Student
                                 {
                                     Id = i,
                                     Name = "Name " + i,
                                     Field1 = "Field1 " + i,
                                     Field2 = "Field2 " + i,
                                     Field3 = "Field3 " + i
                                 };
            }
        }
    }

    public class Program
    {
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine("Specify the desired fields : ");
            string fields = System.Console.ReadLine();
            IEnumerable<Student> students = Student.GetStudentSource();
            IQueryable output = students.AsQueryable().Select(string.Format("new({0})", fields));
            foreach (object item in output)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
          
            System.Console.ReadKey();
        }
  
    }

    public  class SelectBuilder <T>
    {
        public static Func<T, T> CreateNewStatement(string fields)
        {
            // input parameter "o"
            var xParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "o");


            // new statement "new T()"
            var xNew = Expression.New(typeof(T));

            // create initializers
            var bindings = fields.Split(',').Select(o => o.Trim())
                .Select(o =>
                {

                    // property "Field1"
                    var property = typeof(T).GetProperty(o);

                    // original value "o.Field1"
                    var xOriginal = Expression.Property(xParameter, property);

                    // set value "Field1 = o.Field1"
                    return Expression.Bind(property, xOriginal);
                }
            ).ToList();

            // initialization "new T { Field1 = o.Field1, Field2 = o.Field2 }"
            var xInit = Expression.MemberInit(xNew, bindings);

            // expression "o => new T { Field1 = o.Field1, Field2 = o.Field2 }"
            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, T>>(xInit, xParameter);

            // compile to Func<T, T>
            return lambda.Compile();
        }
    }

       IEnumerable<Student> result = students.Select(SelectBuilder<Student>.CreateNewStatement("Field1, Field2")).ToList();

            foreach (Student student in result)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine(student.Field1);
            }

ابتدا فیلد‌های انتخابی کاربر که با "," جدا شده اند به ورودی پاس داده می‌شود سپس یک statement  خالی ایجاد می‌شود : 

o=>new Student()

public class ImageSize
    {
        public int Height
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public int Width
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
    }

public class ImageResizer
    {
        public ImageSize Resize(ImageSize originalSize, ImageSize targetSize)
        {
            var aspectRatio = (float)originalSize.Width / (float)originalSize.Height;
            var width = targetSize.Width;
            var height = targetSize.Height;

            if (originalSize.Width > targetSize.Width || originalSize.Height > targetSize.Height)
            {
                if (aspectRatio > 1)
                {
                    height = (int)(targetSize.Height / aspectRatio);
                }
                else
                {
                    width = (int)(targetSize.Width * aspectRatio);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                width = originalSize.Width;
                height = originalSize.Height;
            }

            return new ImageSize
            {
                Width = Math.Max(width, 1),
                Height = Math.Max(height, 1)
            };
        }
    }

 public class ThumbnailCreator
    {
        private static readonly IDictionary<string, ImageFormat> ImageFormats = new Dictionary<string, ImageFormat>{
            {"image/png", ImageFormat.Png},
            {"image/gif", ImageFormat.Gif},
            {"image/jpeg", ImageFormat.Jpeg}
        };

        private readonly ImageResizer resizer;

        public ThumbnailCreator()
        {
            this.resizer = new ImageResizer();
        }

        public byte[] Create(Stream source, ImageSize desiredSize, string contentType)
        {
            using (var image = Image.FromStream(source))
            {
                var originalSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Height = image.Height,
                    Width = image.Width
                };

                var size = resizer.Resize(originalSize, desiredSize);

                using (var thumbnail = new Bitmap(size.Width, size.Height))
                {
                    ScaleImage(image, thumbnail);

                    using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
                    {
                        thumbnail.Save(memoryStream, ImageFormats[contentType]);

                        return memoryStream.ToArray();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void ScaleImage(Image source, Image destination)
        {
            using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(destination))
            {
                graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
                graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
                graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
                graphics.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;
                graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;

                graphics.DrawImage(source, 0, 0, destination.Width, destination.Height);
            }
        }
    }

private FileContentResult CreateThumbnail(string physicalPath)
        {
            using (var fileStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(physicalPath))
            {
                var desiredSize = new ImageSize
                {
                    Width = ThumbnailWidth,
                    Height = ThumbnailHeight
                };


                string contentType = MimeMapping.GetMimeMapping(physicalPath);
                return File(thumbnailCreator.Create(fileStream, desiredSize, contentType), contentType);
            }
        }

 public virtual ActionResult GetThumbnail(string path)
        {
            path = GetSafeFileAndDirPath(path);
          //  return File(path, contentType); 
            return CreateThumbnail(path);
        }

namespace BlazorServerSample.Models
{
    public class BlazorRoom
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string Name { set; get; }

        public decimal Price { set; get; }

        public bool IsActive { set; get; }
    }
}

@using BlazorServerSample.Models

@page "/"

<h2 class="bg-light border p-2">
    First Room
</h2>
Room: @Room.Name
<br/>
Price: @Room.Price

@code
{
    BlazorRoom Room = new BlazorRoom
    {
        Id = 1,
        Name = "Room 1",
        IsActive = true,
        Price = 499
    };
}

<input type="number" value="@Room.Price" />

<input type="number" @bind-value="@Room.Price" />

<input type="number" @bind-value="@Room.Price" @bind-value:event="oninput" />

<input type="checkbox" @bind-value="Room.IsActive"  />
<br/>
This room is @(Room.IsActive? "Active" : "Inactive").

<input type="checkbox" @bind-value="Room.IsActive"
   checked="@(Room.IsActive? "cheked" : null)" />

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace BlazorServerSample.Models
{
    public class BlazorRoom
    {
        // ...

        public List<BlazorRoomProp> RoomProps { set; get; }
    }

    public class BlazorRoomProp
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string Name { set; get; }

        public string Value { set; get; }
    }
}

@code
{
    BlazorRoom Room = new BlazorRoom
    {
        Id = 1,
        Name = "Room 1",
        IsActive = true,
        Price = 499,
        RoomProps = new List<BlazorRoomProp>
        {
            new BlazorRoomProp
            {
                Id = 1, Name = "Sq Ft", Value = "100"
            },
            new BlazorRoomProp
            {
                Id = 2, Name = "Occupancy", Value = "3"
            }
        }
    };
}

<select @bind="SelectedRoomPropValue">
    @foreach (var prop in Room.RoomProps)
    {
        <option value="@prop.Value">@prop.Name</option>
    }
</select>
<span>The value of the selected room prop is: @SelectedRoomPropValue</span>

@code
{
    string SelectedRoomPropValue = "";
    // ...

@code
{
    string SelectedRoomPropValue = "";

    List<BlazorRoom> Rooms = new List<BlazorRoom>();

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        base.OnInitialized();

        Rooms.Add(new BlazorRoom
        {
            Id = 1,
            Name = "Room 1",
            IsActive = true,
            Price = 499,
            RoomProps = new List<BlazorRoomProp>
            {
                new BlazorRoomProp
                {
                    Id = 1, Name = "Sq Ft", Value = "100"
                },
                new BlazorRoomProp
                {
                    Id = 2, Name = "Occupancy", Value = "3"
                }
            }
        });

        Rooms.Add(new BlazorRoom
        {
            Id = 2,
            Name = "Room 2",
            IsActive = true,
            Price = 399,
            RoomProps = new List<BlazorRoomProp>
            {
                new BlazorRoomProp
                {
                    Id = 1, Name = "Sq Ft", Value = "250"
                },
                new BlazorRoomProp
                {
                    Id = 2, Name = "Occupancy", Value = "4"
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

<div class="border p-2 mt-3">
    <h2 class="text-info">Rooms List</h2>
    <table class="table table-dark">
        @foreach(var room in Rooms)
        {
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <input type="text" @bind-value="room.Name" @bind-value:event="oninput"/>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <input type="text" @bind-value="room.Price" @bind-value:event="oninput"/>
                </td>
                @foreach (var roomProp in room.RoomProps)
                {
                    <td>
                        @roomProp.Name, @roomProp.Value
                    </td>
                }
            </tr>
        }
    </table>

    @foreach(var room in Rooms)
    {
        <p>@room.Name's price is @room.Price.</p>
    }
</div>