using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace BlazorServer.Entities
{
    public class RoomOrderDetail
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string UserId { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string StripeSessionId { get; set; }

        public DateTime CheckInDate { get; set; }

        public DateTime CheckOutDate { get; set; }

        public DateTime ActualCheckInDate { get; set; }

        public DateTime ActualCheckOutDate { get; set; }

        public long TotalCost { get; set; }

        public int RoomId { get; set; }

        public bool IsPaymentSuccessful { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string Email { get; set; }

        public string Phone { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("RoomId")]
        public HotelRoom HotelRoom { get; set; }

        public string Status { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Common
{
    public static class BookingStatus
    {
        public const string Pending = "Pending";
        public const string Booked = "Booked";
        public const string CheckedIn = "CheckedIn";
        public const string CheckedOutCompleted = "CheckedOut";
        public const string NoShow = "NoShow";
        public const string Cancelled = "Cancelled";
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.DataAccess
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser>
    {
        public DbSet<RoomOrderDetail> RoomOrderDetails { get; set; }

        // ...
    }
}

dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 5.0.4
dotnet build
dotnet ef migrations --startup-project ../../BlazorWasm/BlazorWasm.WebApi/ add AddRoomOrderDetails --context ApplicationDbContext
dotnet ef --startup-project ../../BlazorWasm/BlazorWasm.WebApi/ database update --context ApplicationDbContext

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace BlazorServer.Models
{
    public class RoomOrderDetailsDTO
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string UserId { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string StripeSessionId { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public DateTime CheckInDate { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public DateTime CheckOutDate { get; set; }

        public DateTime ActualCheckInDate { get; set; }

        public DateTime ActualCheckOutDate { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public long TotalCost { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public int RoomId { get; set; }

        public bool IsPaymentSuccessful { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string Email { get; set; }

        public string Phone { get; set; }

        public HotelRoomDTO HotelRoomDTO { get; set; }

        public string Status { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Models.Mappings
{
    public class MappingProfile : Profile
    {
        public MappingProfile()
        {
            // ... 
            CreateMap<RoomOrderDetail, RoomOrderDetailsDTO>().ReverseMap(); // two-way mapping
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public interface IRoomOrderDetailsService
    {
        Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> CreateAsync(RoomOrderDetailsDTO details);

        Task<List<RoomOrderDetailsDTO>> GetAllRoomOrderDetailsAsync();

        Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> GetRoomOrderDetailAsync(int roomOrderId);

        Task<bool> IsRoomBookedAsync(int RoomId, DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate);

        Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> MarkPaymentSuccessfulAsync(int id);

        Task<bool> UpdateOrderStatusAsync(int RoomOrderId, string status);
    }
}

namespace BlazorServer.Services
{
    public class RoomOrderDetailsService : IRoomOrderDetailsService
    {
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        private readonly IMapper _mapper;
        private readonly IConfigurationProvider _mapperConfiguration;

        public RoomOrderDetailsService(ApplicationDbContext dbContext, IMapper mapper)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
            _mapper = mapper ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mapper));
            _mapperConfiguration = mapper.ConfigurationProvider;
        }

        public async Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> CreateAsync(RoomOrderDetailsDTO details)
        {
            var roomOrder = _mapper.Map<RoomOrderDetail>(details);
            roomOrder.Status = BookingStatus.Pending;
            var result = await _dbContext.RoomOrderDetails.AddAsync(roomOrder);
            await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
            return _mapper.Map<RoomOrderDetailsDTO>(result.Entity);
        }

        public Task<List<RoomOrderDetailsDTO>> GetAllRoomOrderDetailsAsync()
        {
            return _dbContext.RoomOrderDetails
                            .Include(roomOrderDetail => roomOrderDetail.HotelRoom)
                            .ProjectTo<RoomOrderDetailsDTO>(_mapperConfiguration)
                            .ToListAsync();
        }

        public async Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> GetRoomOrderDetailAsync(int roomOrderId)
        {
            var roomOrderDetailsDTO = await _dbContext.RoomOrderDetails
                                            .Include(u => u.HotelRoom)
                                                .ThenInclude(x => x.HotelRoomImages)
                                            .ProjectTo<RoomOrderDetailsDTO>(_mapperConfiguration)
                                            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(u => u.Id == roomOrderId);

            roomOrderDetailsDTO.HotelRoomDTO.TotalDays =
                roomOrderDetailsDTO.CheckOutDate.Subtract(roomOrderDetailsDTO.CheckInDate).Days;
            return roomOrderDetailsDTO;
        }

        public Task<bool> IsRoomBookedAsync(int RoomId, DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate)
        {
            return _dbContext.RoomOrderDetails
                .AnyAsync(
                    roomOrderDetail =>
                        roomOrderDetail.RoomId == RoomId &&
                        roomOrderDetail.IsPaymentSuccessful &&
                        (
                            (checkInDate < roomOrderDetail.CheckOutDate && checkInDate > roomOrderDetail.CheckInDate) ||
                            (checkOutDate > roomOrderDetail.CheckInDate && checkInDate < roomOrderDetail.CheckInDate)
                        )
                );
        }

        public Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> MarkPaymentSuccessfulAsync(int id)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public Task<bool> UpdateOrderStatusAsync(int RoomOrderId, string status)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.WebApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        // ...

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IRoomOrderDetailsService, RoomOrderDetailsService>();
            // ...

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Services
{
    public interface IClientRoomOrderDetailsService
    {
        Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> MarkPaymentSuccessfulAsync(RoomOrderDetailsDTO details);
        Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> SaveRoomOrderDetailsAsync(RoomOrderDetailsDTO details);
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Services
{
    public class ClientRoomOrderDetailsService : IClientRoomOrderDetailsService
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;

        public ClientRoomOrderDetailsService(HttpClient httpClient)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpClient));
        }

        public Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> MarkPaymentSuccessfulAsync(RoomOrderDetailsDTO details)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public Task<RoomOrderDetailsDTO> SaveRoomOrderDetailsAsync(RoomOrderDetailsDTO details)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            // ...
            builder.Services.AddScoped<IClientRoomOrderDetailsService, ClientRoomOrderDetailsService>();
            // ...
        }
    }
}

using BlazorServer.Models;

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Models.ViewModels
{
    public class HotelRoomBookingVM
    {
        public RoomOrderDetailsDTO OrderDetails { get; set; }
    }
}

@page "/hotel/room-details/{Id:int}"

@inject IJSRuntime JsRuntime
@inject ILocalStorageService LocalStorage
@inject IClientHotelRoomService HotelRoomService

@if (HotelBooking?.OrderDetails?.HotelRoomDTO?.HotelRoomImages == null)
{
    <div class="spinner"></div>
}
else
{

}

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public int? Id { get; set; }

    HotelRoomBookingVM HotelBooking  = new HotelRoomBookingVM();
    int NoOfNights = 1;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        try
        {
            HotelBooking.OrderDetails = new RoomOrderDetailsDTO();
            if (Id != null)
            {
                if (await LocalStorage.GetItemAsync<HomeVM>(ConstantKeys.LocalInitialBooking) != null)
                {
                    var roomInitialInfo = await LocalStorage.GetItemAsync<HomeVM>(ConstantKeys.LocalInitialBooking);
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO = await HotelRoomService.GetHotelRoomDetailsAsync(
                        Id.Value, roomInitialInfo.StartDate, roomInitialInfo.EndDate);
                    NoOfNights = roomInitialInfo.NoOfNights;
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckInDate = roomInitialInfo.StartDate;
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckOutDate = roomInitialInfo.EndDate;
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalDays = roomInitialInfo.NoOfNights;
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalAmount =
                        roomInitialInfo.NoOfNights * HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.RegularRate;
                }
                else
                {
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO = await HotelRoomService.GetHotelRoomDetailsAsync(
                        Id.Value, DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddDays(1));
                    NoOfNights = 1;
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckInDate = DateTime.Now;
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckOutDate = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalDays = 1;
                    HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalAmount =
                        HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.RegularRate;
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            await JsRuntime.ToastrError(e.Message);
        }
    }
}

namespace BlazorWasm.Client.Services
{
    public class ClientHotelRoomService : IClientHotelRoomService
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;

        public ClientHotelRoomService(HttpClient httpClient)
        {
            _httpClient = httpClient ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(httpClient));
        }

        public Task<HotelRoomDTO> GetHotelRoomDetailsAsync(int roomId, DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate)
        {
            // How to url-encode query-string parameters properly
            var uri = new UriBuilderExt(new Uri(_httpClient.BaseAddress, $"/api/hotelroom/{roomId}"))
                            .AddParameter("checkInDate", $"{checkInDate:yyyy'-'MM'-'dd}")
                            .AddParameter("checkOutDate", $"{checkOutDate:yyyy'-'MM'-'dd}")
                            .Uri;
            return _httpClient.GetFromJsonAsync<HotelRoomDTO>(uri);
        }

        public Task<IEnumerable<HotelRoomDTO>> GetHotelRoomsAsync(DateTime checkInDate, DateTime checkOutDate)
        {
           // ...
        }
    }
}

@if (HotelBooking?.OrderDetails?.HotelRoomDTO?.HotelRoomImages == null)
{
    <div class="spinner"></div>
}
else
{
    <div class="mt-4 mx-4 px-0 px-md-5 mx-md-5">
        <div class="row p-2 my-3 " style="border-radius:20px; ">
            <div class="col-12 col-lg-7 p-4" style="border: 1px solid gray">
                <div class="row px-2 text-success border-bottom">
                    <div class="col-8 py-1"><p style="font-size:x-large;margin:0px;">Selected Room</p></div>
                    <div class="col-4 p-0"><a href="hotel/rooms" class="btn btn-secondary btn-block">Back to Room's</a></div>
                </div>
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-6">
                        <div id="" class="carousel slide mb-4 m-md-3 m-0 pt-3 pt-md-0" data-ride="carousel">
                            <div id="carouselExampleIndicators" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
                                <ol class="carousel-indicators">
                                    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
                                    <li data-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-slide-to="1"></li>
                                </ol>
                                <div class="carousel-inner">
                                    <div class="carousel-item active">
                                        <img class="d-block w-100" src="images/slide1.jpg" alt="First slide">
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="prev">
                                    <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                                    <span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
                                </a>
                                <a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselExampleIndicators" role="button" data-slide="next">
                                    <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                                    <span class="sr-only">Next</span>
                                </a>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-6">
                        <span class="float-right pt-4">
                            <span class="float-right">Occupancy : @HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.Occupancy adults </span><br />
                            <span class="float-right pt-1">Size : @HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.SqFt sqft</span><br />
                            <h4 class="text-warning font-weight-bold pt-5">
                                <span style="border-bottom:1px solid #ff6a00">
                                    @HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalAmount.ToString("#,#.00#;(#,#.00#)")
                                </span>
                            </h4>
                            <span class="float-right">Cost for @HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalDays nights</span>
                        </span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="row p-2">
                    <div class="col-12">
                        <p class="card-title text-warning" style="font-size:xx-large">@HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.Name</p>
                        <p class="card-text" style="font-size:large">
                            @((MarkupString)@HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.Details)
                        </p>
                    </div>

                </div>
            </div>
}

@if (HotelBooking?.OrderDetails?.HotelRoomDTO?.HotelRoomImages == null)
{
    <div class="spinner"></div>
}
else
{
  // ...
             
            <div class="col-12 col-lg-5 p-4 2 mt-4 mt-md-0" style="border: 1px solid gray;">
                <EditForm Model="HotelBooking" class="container" OnValidSubmit="HandleCheckout">
                    <div class="row px-2 text-success border-bottom"><div class="col-7 py-1"><p style="font-size:x-large;margin:0px;">Enter Details</p></div></div>

                    <div class="form-group pt-2">
                        <label class="text-warning">Name</label>
                        <InputText @bind-Value="HotelBooking.OrderDetails.Name" type="text" class="form-control" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group pt-2">
                        <label class="text-warning">Phone</label>
                        <InputText @bind-Value="HotelBooking.OrderDetails.Phone" type="text" class="form-control" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label class="text-warning">Email</label>
                        <InputText @bind-Value="HotelBooking.OrderDetails.Email" type="text" class="form-control" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label class="text-warning">Check in Date</label>
                        <InputDate @bind-Value="HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckInDate" type="date" disabled class="form-control" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label class="text-warning">Check Out Date</label>
                        <InputDate @bind-Value="HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckOutDate" type="date" disabled class="form-control" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label class="text-warning">No. of nights</label>
                        <select class="form-control" value="@NoOfNights" @onchange="HandleNoOfNightsChange">
                            @for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
                            {
                                if (i == NoOfNights)
                                {
                                    <option value="@i" selected="selected">@i</option>
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    <option value="@i">@i</option>
                                }
                            }
                        </select>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success form-control">Checkout Now</button>
                    </div>
                </EditForm>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}

@code {
    // ...

    private async Task HandleNoOfNightsChange(ChangeEventArgs e)
    {
        NoOfNights = Convert.ToInt32(e.Value.ToString());
        HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO = await HotelRoomService.GetHotelRoomDetailsAsync(
            Id.Value,
            HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckInDate,
            HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckInDate.AddDays(NoOfNights));

        HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckOutDate = HotelBooking.OrderDetails.CheckInDate.AddDays(NoOfNights);
        HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalDays = NoOfNights;
        HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.TotalAmount =
                NoOfNights * HotelBooking.OrderDetails.HotelRoomDTO.RegularRate;
    }

    private async Task HandleCheckout()
    {
        if (!await HandleValidation())
        {
            return;
        }
    }

    private async Task<bool> HandleValidation()
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(HotelBooking.OrderDetails.Name))
        {
            await JsRuntime.ToastrError("Name cannot be empty");
            return false;
        }

        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(HotelBooking.OrderDetails.Phone))
        {
            await JsRuntime.ToastrError("Phone cannot be empty");
            return false;
        }

        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(HotelBooking.OrderDetails.Email))
        {
            await JsRuntime.ToastrError("Email cannot be empty");
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

var chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";

var random = new Random();
var result = new string(
Enumerable.Repeat(chars, 8)
          .Select(s => s[random.Next(s.Length)])
          .ToArray());

char[] chars = new char[62];
chars="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890".ToCharArray();

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(maxSize);
foreach (byte b in data)
{
  result.Append(chars[b % (chars.Length)]);
}

public static string GetRandomAlphaNumeric (int maxSize)
{
      char[] chars = new char[62];
      chars ="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890".ToCharArray();            
      RNGCryptoServiceProvider crypto = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();            
      byte[] data = new byte[maxSize];
      crypto.GetNonZeroBytes(data);
      StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(maxSize);
      foreach (byte b in data)
      {
           result.Append(chars[b % (chars.Length)]);
      }
      return result.ToString();
}

namespace AutoMapperInjection.Entities
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        public string HashedPassword { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace AutoMapperInjection.Models
{
    public class UserDto
    {
        public string Password { set; get; }
    }
}

namespace AutoMapperInjection.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class HomeController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IMapper _mapper;

        public HomeController(IMapper mapper)
        {
            _mapper = mapper ?? throw new NullReferenceException(nameof(mapper));
        }

        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public IActionResult RegisterUser(UserDto model)
        {
            var user = _mapper.Map<User>(model);

            // TODO: Save user

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace AutoMapperInjection.Services
{
    public interface IPasswordHasherService
    {
        string GetSha256Hash(string input);
    }

    public class PasswordHasherService : IPasswordHasherService
    {
        public string GetSha256Hash(string input)
        {
            using var hashAlgorithm = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider();
            var byteValue = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
            var byteHash = hashAlgorithm.ComputeHash(byteValue);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(byteHash);
        }
    }
}

        public class HashedPasswordResolver : IValueResolver<UserDto, User, string>
        {
            private readonly IPasswordHasherService _hasher;

            public HashedPasswordResolver(IPasswordHasherService hasher)
            {
                _hasher = hasher ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(hasher));
            }

            public string Resolve(UserDto source, User destination, string destMember, ResolutionContext context)
            {
                return _hasher.GetSha256Hash(source.Password);
            }
        }

    public class UserDtoMappingsProfile : Profile
    {
        public UserDtoMappingsProfile()
        {
            // Map from User (entity) to UserDto, and back
            this.CreateMap<User, UserDto>()
                .ReverseMap()
                .ForMember(user => user.HashedPassword, exp => exp.MapFrom<HashedPasswordResolver>());
        }
    }

namespace AutoMapperInjection
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IPasswordHasherService, PasswordHasherService>();
            services.AddAutoMapper(typeof(UserDtoMappingsProfile).Assembly);
            services.AddControllers();
        }

        public class UserDtoMappingsAction : IMappingAction<UserDto, User>
        {
            private readonly IPasswordHasherService _hasher;

            public UserDtoMappingsAction(IPasswordHasherService hasher)
            {
                _hasher = hasher ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(hasher));
            }

            public void Process(UserDto source, User destination, ResolutionContext context)
            {
                destination.HashedPassword = _hasher.GetSha256Hash(source.Password);
            }
        }

    public class UserDtoMappingsProfile : Profile
    {
        public UserDtoMappingsProfile()
        {
            // Map from User (entity) to UserDto, and back
            this.CreateMap<User, UserDto>()
                .ReverseMap()
                .AfterMap<UserDtoMappingsAction>();
        }
    }

    public class User
    {
        public User()
        {
            UserRoles = new HashSet<UserRole>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string Username { get; set; }

        public string Password { get; set; }

        public string DisplayName { get; set; }

        public bool IsActive { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset? LastLoggedIn { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// every time the user changes his Password,
        /// or an admin changes his Roles or stat/IsActive,
        /// create a new `SerialNumber` GUID and store it in the DB.
        /// </summary>
        public string SerialNumber { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }
    }

    public class Role
    {
        public Role()
        {
            UserRoles = new HashSet<UserRole>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }
    }

    public static class CustomRoles
    {
        public const string Admin = nameof(Admin);
        public const string User = nameof(User);
    }

    public class UserRole
    {
        public int UserId { get; set; }
        public int RoleId { get; set; }

        public virtual User User { get; set; }
        public virtual Role Role { get; set; }
    }

    public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable
    {
        DbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;

        int SaveChanges(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess);
        int SaveChanges();
        Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(bool acceptAllChangesOnSuccess, CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken());
        Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken());
    }

    public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options)
        { }

        public virtual DbSet<User> Users { set; get; }
        public virtual DbSet<Role> Roles { set; get; }
        public virtual DbSet<UserRole> UserRoles { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            // it should be placed here, otherwise it will rewrite the following settings!
            base.OnModelCreating(builder);

            // Custom application mappings
            builder.Entity<User>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Username).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.Username).IsUnique();
                entity.Property(e => e.Password).IsRequired();
                entity.Property(e => e.SerialNumber).HasMaxLength(450);
            });

            builder.Entity<Role>(entity =>
            {
                entity.Property(e => e.Name).HasMaxLength(450).IsRequired();
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.Name).IsUnique();
            });

            builder.Entity<UserRole>(entity =>
            {
                entity.HasKey(e => new { e.UserId, e.RoleId });
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.UserId);
                entity.HasIndex(e => e.RoleId);
                entity.Property(e => e.UserId);
                entity.Property(e => e.RoleId);
                entity.HasOne(d => d.Role).WithMany(p => p.UserRoles).HasForeignKey(d => d.RoleId);
                entity.HasOne(d => d.User).WithMany(p => p.UserRoles).HasForeignKey(d => d.UserId);
            });
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Only used by EF Tooling
    /// </summary>
    public class ApplicationDbContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<ApplicationDbContext>
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext CreateDbContext(string[] args)
        {
            var basePath = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
            Console.WriteLine($"Using `{basePath}` as the BasePath");
            var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                                    .SetBasePath(basePath)
                                    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
                                    .Build();
            var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ApplicationDbContext>();
            var connectionString = configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
            builder.UseSqlServer(connectionString);
            return new ApplicationDbContext(builder.Options);
        }
    }

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Data Source=(LocalDB)\\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=ASPNETCore2CookieAuthenticationDB;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;"
  },
  "LoginCookieExpirationDays": 30
}

    public interface IUsersService
    {
        Task<string> GetSerialNumberAsync(int userId);
        Task<User> FindUserAsync(string username, string password);
        Task<User> FindUserAsync(int userId);
        Task UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(int userId);
    }

    public interface IRolesService
    {
        Task<List<Role>> FindUserRolesAsync(int userId);
        Task<bool> IsUserInRole(int userId, string roleName);
        Task<List<User>> FindUsersInRoleAsync(string roleName);
    }

    public interface IDbInitializerService
    {
        void Initialize();
        void SeedData();
    }

    public interface ICookieValidatorService
    {
        Task ValidateAsync(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context);
    }

    public class CookieValidatorService : ICookieValidatorService
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        public CookieValidatorService(IUsersService usersService)
        {
            _usersService = usersService;
            _usersService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(usersService));
        }

        public async Task ValidateAsync(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
        {
            var userPrincipal = context.Principal;

            var claimsIdentity = context.Principal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var serialNumberClaim = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber);
            if (serialNumberClaim == null)
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var userIdString = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData).Value;
            if (!int.TryParse(userIdString, out int userId))
            {
                // this is not our issued cookie
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
                return;
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || user.SerialNumber != serialNumberClaim.Value || !user.IsActive)
            {
                // user has changed his/her password/roles/stat/IsActive
                await handleUnauthorizedRequest(context);
            }

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        private Task handleUnauthorizedRequest(CookieValidatePrincipalContext context)
        {
            context.RejectPrincipal();
            return context.HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        }
    }

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddScoped<IUnitOfWork, ApplicationDbContext>();
            services.AddScoped<IUsersService, UsersService>();
            services.AddScoped<IRolesService, RolesService>();
            services.AddScoped<ISecurityService, SecurityService>();
            services.AddScoped<ICookieValidatorService, CookieValidatorService>();
            services.AddScoped<IDbInitializerService, DbInitializerService>();

            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
            {
                options.UseSqlServer(
                    Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"),
                    serverDbContextOptionsBuilder =>
                        {
                            var minutes = (int)TimeSpan.FromMinutes(3).TotalSeconds;
                            serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.CommandTimeout(minutes);
                            serverDbContextOptionsBuilder.EnableRetryOnFailure();
                        });
            });

            // Only needed for custom roles.
            services.AddAuthorization(options =>
                    {
                        options.AddPolicy(CustomRoles.Admin, policy => policy.RequireRole(CustomRoles.Admin));
                        options.AddPolicy(CustomRoles.User, policy => policy.RequireRole(CustomRoles.User));
                    });

            // Needed for cookie auth.
            services
                .AddAuthentication(options =>
                {
                    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultSignInScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                })
                .AddCookie(options =>
                {
                    options.SlidingExpiration = false;
                    options.LoginPath = "/api/account/login";
                    options.LogoutPath = "/api/account/logout";
                    //options.AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Home/Forbidden/");
                    options.Cookie.Name = ".my.app1.cookie";
                    options.Cookie.HttpOnly = true;
                    options.Cookie.SecurePolicy = CookieSecurePolicy.SameAsRequest;
                    options.Cookie.SameSite = SameSiteMode.Lax;
                    options.Events = new CookieAuthenticationEvents
                    {
                        OnValidatePrincipal = context =>
                        {
                            var cookieValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ICookieValidatorService>();
                            return cookieValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
                        }
                    };
                });

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
   app.UseAuthentication();

            var scopeFactory = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>();
            using (var scope = scopeFactory.CreateScope())
            {
                var dbInitializer = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IDbInitializerService>();
                dbInitializer.Initialize();
                dbInitializer.SeedData();
            }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Login([FromBody]  User loginUser)
        {
            if (loginUser == null)
            {
                return BadRequest("user is not set.");
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(loginUser.Username, loginUser.Password).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || !user.IsActive)
            {
                await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
                return Unauthorized();
            }

            var loginCookieExpirationDays = _configuration.GetValue<int>("LoginCookieExpirationDays", defaultValue: 30);
            var cookieClaims = await createCookieClaimsAsync(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
            await HttpContext.SignInAsync(
                CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
                cookieClaims,
                new AuthenticationProperties
                {
                    IsPersistent = true, // "Remember Me"
                    IssuedUtc = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
                    ExpiresUtc = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(loginCookieExpirationDays)
                });

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);

            return Ok();
        }

        private async Task<ClaimsPrincipal> createCookieClaimsAsync(User user)
        {
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id.ToString()));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Username));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim("DisplayName", user.DisplayName));

            // to invalidate the cookie
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber, user.SerialNumber));

            // custom data
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, user.Id.ToString()));

            // add roles
            var roles = await _rolesService.FindUserRolesAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);
            foreach (var role in roles)
            {
                identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role.Name));
            }

            return new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
        }

[Route("api/[controller]")]
[Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Admin)]
public class MyProtectedAdminApiController : Controller

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpGet("[action]"), HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<bool> Logout()
        {
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            return true;
        }

[Route("[controller]")]
public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
{
    private static readonly string[] Summaries =
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy",
        "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching",
    };

    // /WeatherForecast/GetForecast2?from=1&to=3
    [HttpGet("[action]")]
    public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast2(Duration days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }
}

public class Duration
{
    public int From { get; set; }
    public int To { get; set; }
}

public class WeatherForecast
{
    public DateOnly Date { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);

    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

// /WeatherForecast/GetForecast3/1-3
[HttpGet("[action]/{days}")]
public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast3(Days days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;

namespace NET7Mvc.Models;

public class Days : IParsable<Days>
{
    public Days(int from, int to)
    {
        From = from;
        To = to;
    }

    public int From { get; }
    public int To { get; }

    public static bool TryParse([NotNullWhen(true)] string? value,
                                IFormatProvider? provider,
                                [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out Days result)
    {
        var items = value?.Split('-', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        if (items is { Length: 2 })
        {
            if (int.TryParse(items[0], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var from)
                && int.TryParse(items[1], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var to))
            {
                result = new Days(from, to);
                return true;
            }
        }

        result = default;
        return false;
    }

    public static Days Parse(string value, IFormatProvider? provider)
    {
        if (!TryParse(value, provider, out var result))
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Could not parse the given value.", nameof(value));
        }

        return result;
    }
}