using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ChapterOneProject
{
public class Patient
    {
        public Patient()
        {
            Visits = new List<Visit>();
        }

        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }
        //[ForeignKey("AnimalTypeId")]
        
        public AnimalType AnimalType { get; set; }
        //public int AnimalTypeId { get; set; }

        public DateTime FirstVisit { get; set; }
        public List<Visit> Visits { get; set; }
    }

public class Visit
    {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }
        public String ReasonForVisit { get; set; }
        public String Outcome { get; set; }
        public Decimal Weight { get; set; }

        //[ForeignKey("PatientId")]
        //public virtual Patient Patient { get; set; }
        public int PatientId { get; set; }
    }

public class AnimalType
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string TypeName { get; set; }
    }
}

public class VetContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Patient> Patients { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Visit> Visits { get; set; }
        //public DbSet<AnimalType> AnimalTypes { get; set; }
    }

var dog = new AnimalType { TypeName = "Dog" };
            var visit = new List<Visit>
                            {
                                new Visit
                                    {
                                        Date = new DateTime(2011, 9, 1),
                                        Outcome = "Test",
                                        ReasonForVisit = "Test",
                                        Weight = 32,
                                    }
                            };
            var patient = new Patient
                              {
                                  Name = "Sampson",
                                  BirthDate = new DateTime(2008, 1, 28),
                                  AnimalType = dog,
                                  Visits = visit,
                              };
            using (var context = new VetContext())
            {
                context.Patients.Add(patient);
                context.SaveChanges();
            }

public partial class FrmBase<T> : Form where T : class 
    {
        public FrmBase()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }

partial class FrmBase<T> where T : class 
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
        {
            if ( disposing && ( components != null ) )
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose( disposing );
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // label1
            // 
            this.label1.AutoSize = true;
            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(186, 22);
            this.label1.Name = "label1";
            this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(51, 13);
            this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.label1.Text = "فرم اصلی";
            // 
            // FrmBase
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(445, 262);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
            this.Name = "FrmBase";
            this.Text = "Form1";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
    }

public partial class FrmTest : FrmBase<String>
    {
        public FrmTest()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }

    public partial class FrmTest : FrmTestHelp
    {
        public FrmTest()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }

    public class FrmTestHelp : FrmBase<String>
    {
    }

 ... WHERE f.Bar = @bar OR cast(@bar AS varchar(4000)) IS NULL

using System;
using System.Net;

namespace Async15
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var webClient = new WebClient { })
            {
                webClient.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "AsyncContext 1.0");
                var data = await webClient.DownloadStringTaskAsync("https://www.dntips.ir");
                Console.WriteLine(data);
            }
        }
    }
}

 PM> Install-Package Nito.AsyncEx

using System;
using System.Net;
using Nito.AsyncEx;

namespace Async15
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AsyncContext.Run(async () =>
            {
                using (var webClient = new WebClient())
                {
                    webClient.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "AsyncContext 1.0");
                    var data = await webClient.DownloadStringTaskAsync("https://www.dntips.ir");
                    Console.WriteLine(data);
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

Action, () => { }
Func<Task>, async () => { await Task.Yield(); }

Func<TResult>, () => { return 13; }
Func<Task<TResult>>, async () => { await Task.Yield(); return 13; }

class Program
{
  static async Task<int> AsyncMain()
  {
    ..
  }

  static int Main(string[] args)
  {
    return AsyncContext.Run(AsyncMain);
  }
}

// query dapper via "dynamic"
int id = ...
var row = conn.QuerySingle("select Name, LastUpdated from Records where Id=@id", new {id});
string name = row.Name; // "dynamic"

// query dapper via C# 7 tuples
int id = ...
var row = conn.QuerySingle<(string name, DateTime lastUpdated)>(
     "select Name, LastUpdated from Records where Id=@id", new {id});
// use row.name and row.lastUpdated

This library helps write code in more functional way. To get to know more about the principles behind it, check out the Applying Functional Principles in C# Pluralsight course. 

Readings and watchings 

    public enum Rainbow
    {
        Red,
        Orange,
        Yellow,
        Green,
        Blue,
        Indigo,
        Violet
    }

    class RGBColor
    {
        internal byte Red { get; }
        internal byte Green { get; }
        internal byte Blue { get; }

        internal RGBColor(byte red, byte green, byte blue)
        {
            Red = red;
            Green = green;
            Blue = blue;
        }

        public override string ToString() => $"rgb({Red}, {Green}, {Blue})";
    }

        internal static RGBColor FromRainbow(Rainbow rainbowBolor)
        {
            switch (rainbowBolor)
            {
                case Rainbow.Red:
                    return new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Orange:
                    return new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Yellow:
                    return new RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Green:
                    return new RGBColor(0x00, 0xFF, 0x00);
                case Rainbow.Blue:
                    return new RGBColor(0x00, 0x00, 0xFF);
                case Rainbow.Indigo:
                    return new RGBColor(0x4B, 0x00, 0x82);
                case Rainbow.Violet:
                    return new RGBColor(0x94, 0x00, 0xD3);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentException(message: "invalid enum value", paramName: nameof(rainbowBolor));
            };
        }

        internal static RGBColor TasteTheRainbow(Rainbow rainbowColor) =>
            rainbowColor switch
        {
            Rainbow.Red => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Orange => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Yellow => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Green => new RGBColor(0x00, 0xFF, 0x00),
            Rainbow.Blue => new RGBColor(0x00, 0x00, 0xFF),
            Rainbow.Indigo => new RGBColor(0x4B, 0x00, 0x82),
            Rainbow.Violet => new RGBColor(0x94, 0x00, 0xD3),
            _ => throw new ArgumentException(message: "invalid enum value", paramName: nameof(rainbowColor)),
        };

var operation = "+";
int a = 1, b = 2;
var result = operation switch
{
   "+" => a + b,
   "-" => a - b,
   "/" => a / b,
     _ => throw new NotSupportedException()
};

    class Address
    {
        public string AddressLine1 { get; set; }
        public string AddressLine2 { get; set; }
        public string City { get; set; }
        public string State { get; set; }
        public string PostalCode { get; set; }
        public string CountryRegion { get; set; }
    }

    static class PropertyPatterns
    {
        internal static decimal ComputeSalesTax(
            Address location,
            decimal salePrice) =>
            location switch
        {
            { State: "Fars" } => salePrice * 0.06m,
            { State: "Tehran", City: "Tehran" } => salePrice * 0.056m,

            // Other cases removed for brevity...
            _ => 0M
        };
    }

    static class TuplePatterns
    {
        internal static string RockPaperScissors(
            string first,
            string second)
            => (first, second) switch
        {
            ("rock", "paper") => "Rock is covered by Paper. Paper wins!",
            ("rock", "scissors") => "Rock breaks Scissors. Rock wins!",
            ("paper", "rock") => "Paper covers Rock. Paper wins!",
            ("paper", "scissors") => "Paper is cut by Scissors. Scissors wins!",
            ("scissors", "rock") => "Scissors is broken by Rock. Rock wins!",
            ("scissors", "paper") => "Scissors cuts Paper. Scissors wins!",
            (_, _) => "tie"
        };
    }

    class Shape
    {
        protected internal double Height { get; }
        protected internal double Length { get; }

        protected Shape(double height = 0, double length = 0)
        {
            Height = height;
            Length = length;
        }
    }

    class Circle : Shape
    {
        internal double Radius => Height / 2;
        internal double Diameter => Radius * 2;
        internal double Circumference => 2 * Math.PI * Radius;

        internal Circle(double height = 10, double length = 10)
            : base(height, length) { }
    }

    class Rectangle : Shape
    {
        internal bool IsSquare => Height == Length;

        internal Rectangle(double height = 10, double length = 10)
            : base(height, length) { }
    }

    static class ObjectPatterns
    {
        internal static string ShapeDetails(this Shape shape)
            => shape switch
        {
            Circle c => $"circle with (C): {c.Circumference}",
            Rectangle s when s.IsSquare => $"L:{s.Length} H:{s.Height}, square",
            Rectangle r => $"L:{r.Length} H:{r.Height}, rectangle",
            _ => "Unknown shape!" // Discard
        };
    }

    class Point
    {
        public int X { get; }

        public int Y { get; }

        public Point(int x, int y) => (X, Y) = (x, y);

        public void Deconstruct(out int x, out int y) => (x, y) = (X, Y);
    }

    enum Quadrant
    {
        Unknown,
        Origin,
        One,
        Two,
        Three,
        Four,
        OnBorder
    }

    static class PositionalPatterns
    {
        internal static Quadrant AsQuadrant(Point point) => point switch
        {
            (0, 0) => Quadrant.Origin,
            var (x, y) when x > 0 && y > 0 => Quadrant.One,
            var (x, y) when x < 0 && y > 0 => Quadrant.Two,
            var (x, y) when x < 0 && y < 0 => Quadrant.Three,
            var (x, y) when x > 0 && y < 0 => Quadrant.Four,
            (_, _) => Quadrant.OnBorder, // Either are 0, but not both
            _ => Quadrant.Unknown
        };
    }