public class User
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
       
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        public string LastName { get; set; }

        public string UserName { get; set; }

        public string Password { get; set; }

        public bool IsAdmin { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<BlogPost> BlogPosts { get; set; }
    }

 public class UserViewModel
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        public string LastName { get; set; }

        public string Password { get; set; }
    }

public ActionResult Index(int id = 1)
        {
            var user = _userService.GetById(id);
            var userViewModel = new UserViewModel
                {
                    FirstName = user.FirstName,
                    LastName = user.LastName,
                    Password = user.Password
                };

            return View(userViewModel);
        }

PM> Install-Package AutoMapper

public static class AutoMapperWebConfiguration
    {

        public static void Configure()
        {
            ConfigureUserMapping();
        }

        private static void ConfigureUserMapping()
        {
            Mapper.CreateMap<User, UserViewModel>();
        }
    }

public ActionResult Index(int id=1)
        {
            var user = _userService.GetById(id);
            var userViewModel=new UserViewModel();
            AutoMapper.Mapper.Map(user, userViewModel);
            
            return View(userViewModel);
        }

    public class Place
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Person> Personnel { set; get; }
    }

    public class Person
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string FirstName { set; get; }
        public string LastName { set; get; }

        [ForeignKey("BirthPlaceId")]
        public virtual Place BirthPlace { set; get; }
        public int BirthPlaceId { set; get; }

        [ForeignKey("IssuanceLocationId")]
        public virtual Place IssuanceLocation { set; get; }
        public int? IssuanceLocationId { set; get; }
    }

var query = from personnel in context.Personnel
                            join issuanceLocation in context.Places on
                                  personnel.IssuanceLocationId equals issuanceLocation.Id into aIssuanceLocation
                            from IL in aIssuanceLocation.DefaultIfEmpty()
                            join birthLocation in context.Places on
                                  personnel.BirthPlaceId equals birthLocation.Id into aBirthLocation
                            from BL in aBirthLocation.DefaultIfEmpty()
                            select new
                               {
                                   personnel.Id,
                                   personnel.FirstName,
                                   personnel.LastName,
                                   IssuanceLocation = IL.Name,
                                   BirthLocation = BL.Name
                               };

SELECT
                        [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
                        [Extent1].[FirstName] AS [FirstName],
                        [Extent1].[LastName] AS [LastName],
                        [Extent2].[Name] AS [Name],
                        [Extent3].[Name] AS [Name1]
                        FROM [dbo].[People] AS [Extent1]
                        LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[Places] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent1].[IssuanceLocationId] = [Extent2].[Id]
                        INNER JOIN [dbo].[Places] AS [Extent3] ON [Extent1].[BirthPlaceId] = [Extent3].[Id]

var query = context.Personnel.Select(x => new
             {
              x.Id,
              x.FirstName,
              x.LastName,
              BirthPlaceName = x.BirthPlace.Name,
              IssuanceLocationName = x.IssuanceLocation == null ? "" : x.IssuanceLocation.Name
             });

SELECT
    [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id],
    [Extent1].[FirstName] AS [FirstName],
    [Extent1].[LastName] AS [LastName],
    [Extent2].[Name] AS [Name],
    CASE WHEN ([Extent3].[Id] IS NULL) THEN N'' ELSE [Extent3].[Name] END AS [C1]
    FROM   [dbo].[People] AS [Extent1]
    INNER JOIN [dbo].[Places] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent1].[BirthPlaceId] = [Extent2].[Id]
    LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[Places] AS [Extent3] ON [Extent1].[IssuanceLocationId] = [Extent3].[Id]

همانطور که در تصویر بالا نیز مشاهده می‌کنید، اسمبلی‌های ارجاعی برنامه TestApp به صورت Resource به آن اضافه شده‌اند.

نحوه بارگذاری اسمبلی‌های Embed شده

در پروژه‌های WPF، در OnStartup event کلاس App و در پروژه‌های WinForm در متد Main کلاس Program، قطعه کد زیر را وارد می‌کنیم:

private void App_OnStartup( object sender, StartupEventArgs e )
{
    AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += OnResolveAssembly;
    var assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
    foreach (var name in assembly.GetManifestResourceNames())
    {
        if ( name.ToLower()
                 .EndsWith( ".resources" ) ||
             !name.ToLower()
                  .EndsWith( ".dll" ) )
            continue;
        EmbeddedAssembly.Load( name,
                               name );
    }
}

static Assembly OnResolveAssembly( object sender, ResolveEventArgs args )
{
    var fields = args.Name.Split( ',' );
    var name = fields[0];
    var culture = fields[2];
    if ( name.EndsWith( ".resources" ) &&
         !culture.EndsWith( "neutral" ) )
        return null;

    return EmbeddedAssembly.Get( args.Name );
}

با استفاده از رویداد AssemblyResolve می توان اسمبلی Embed شده را در زمانیکه نیاز به آن است، بارگذاری کرد. کد مربوط به کلاس EmbeddedAssembly نیز به این صورت می‌باشد:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

public static class EmbeddedAssembly
{
    static Dictionary< string, Assembly > _dic;

    public static void Load( string embeddedResource,
                                string fileName )
    {
        if ( _dic == null )
            _dic = new Dictionary< string, Assembly >();

        byte[] ba;
        Assembly asm;
        var curAsm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();

        using ( var stm = curAsm.GetManifestResourceStream( embeddedResource ) )
        {
            if ( stm == null )
                return;

            ba = new byte[(int)stm.Length];
            stm.Read( ba,
                      0,
                      (int)stm.Length );
            try
            {
                asm = Assembly.Load( ba );

                _dic.Add( asm.GetName().Name,
                            asm );
                return;
            }
            catch
            {
            }
        }

        bool fileOk;
        string tempFile;

        using ( var sha1 = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider() )
        {
            var fileHash = BitConverter.ToString( sha1.ComputeHash( ba ) )
                                        .Replace( "-",
                                                    string.Empty );

            tempFile = Path.GetTempPath() + fileName;

            if ( File.Exists( tempFile ) )
            {
                var bb = File.ReadAllBytes( tempFile );
                var fileHash2 = BitConverter.ToString( sha1.ComputeHash( bb ) )
                                            .Replace( "-",
                                                        string.Empty );

                fileOk = fileHash == fileHash2;
            }
            else
            {
                fileOk = false;
            }
        }

        if ( !fileOk )
        {
            File.WriteAllBytes( tempFile,
                                ba );
        }

        asm = Assembly.LoadFile( tempFile );

        _dic.Add( asm.GetName().Name,
                    asm );
    }

    public static Assembly Get( string assemblyFullName )
    {
        if ( _dic == null ||
                _dic.Count == 0 )
            return null;

        var name = new AssemblyName( assemblyFullName ).Name;
        return _dic.ContainsKey( name )
            ? _dic[name]
            : null;
    }
}

با استفاده از متد Load کلاس بالا، کل اسمبلی‌هایی که بارگذاری شده‌اند در یک دیکشنری استاتیک نگهداری می‌شوند. ابتدا اسمبلی‌ها را با استفاده از []byte بارگذاری می‌کنیم و در صورتیکه بارگذاری اسمبلی با خطایی مواجه شود، بارگذاری را با استفاده از فایل temp انجام می‌دهیم (که معمولا برای فایل‌های unmanaged این مورد اتفاق می‌افتد).

با استفاده از متد Get که در زمان نیاز به یک اسمبلی توسط AssemblyResolve فراخوانی می‌شود، اسمبلی مربوطه از دیکشنری پیدا شده و برگشت داده می‌شود.

نکته ها

• در صورتیکه بخواهید فایلی را از Embed کردن خودکار (روش دوم) استثناء کنید، باید از Condition استفاده کنید:

  <Target Name="EmbedReferencedAssemblies" AfterTargets="ResolveAssemblyReferences">
    <ItemGroup>
      <AssembliesToEmbed Include="@(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths)" />
      <EmbeddedResource Include="@(AssembliesToEmbed)" Condition="$([System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex]::IsMatch('%(AssembliesToEmbed.Filename)', '^((?!Microsoft).)*$')) And '%(AssembliesToEmbed.Extension)' == '.dll'">
        <LogicalName>%(AssembliesToEmbed.DestinationSubDirectory)%(AssembliesToEmbed.Filename)%(AssembliesToEmbed.Extension)</LogicalName>
      </EmbeddedResource>
    </ItemGroup>
    <Message Importance="high" Text="Embedding: @(AssembliesToEmbed->'%(DestinationSubDirectory)%(Filename)%(Extension)', ', ')" />
  </Target>
  <Target Name="DeleteAllReferenceCopyLocalPaths" AfterTargets="Build">
    <Delete Files="@(ReferenceCopyLocalPaths->'$(OutDir)%(DestinationSubDirectory)%(Filename)%(Extension)')" Condition="$([System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex]::IsMatch('%(Filename)', '^((?!Microsoft).)*$')) Or '%(Extension)' == '.xml'" />
  </Target>

[assembly: NeutralResourcesLanguage("en-US", UltimateResourceFallbackLocation.MainAssembly)]

• در صورتیکه پروژه شما از نوع Office Add-Ins باشد، باید در کد مربوط به AssemblyResolve را در فایل ThisAddIn.Designer.cs (در صورت عدم تغییر نام) به متد Initialize اضافه کنید و دستور بارگذاری را در متد ThisAddIn_Startup اضافه کنید. نکته خیلی مهم:  در فایل csproj حتما در قسمت Condition باید اسمبلی‌هایی را که با نام Microsoft شروع می‌شوند، از Embed شدن استثناء کنید و در قسمت DeleteAllReferenceCopyLocalPaths مقدار "AfterTargets="VisualStudioForApplicationsBuild را قرار دهید (تا امکان Build پروژه برای شما باشد) و همچنین پسوند vsto را نیز نباید حذف کنید.

services.AddOptions<BearerTokensOptions>()
           .Bind(configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens"))
           .Validate(bearerTokens =>
          {
                 return bearerTokens.AccessTokenExpirationMinutes < bearerTokens.RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes;
          }, "RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes is less than AccessTokenExpirationMinutes. Obtaining new tokens using the refresh token should happen only if the access token has expired.");

{
  "ApiSettings": {
    "AllowedEndpoints": [
      {
        "Name": "Service 1",
        "Timeout": 30,
        "Url": "http://service1.site.com"
      },
      {
        "Name": "Service 2",
        "Timeout": 10,
        "Url": "https://service2.site.com"
      }
    ]
  }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace FluentValidationSample.Models
{
    public class AllowedEndpoint
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Timeout { get; set; }
        public Uri Url { get; set; }
    }

    public class ApiSettings
    {
        public IEnumerable<AllowedEndpoint> AllowedEndpoints { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<ApiSettings>(Configuration.GetSection(nameof(ApiSettings)));

using System;
using System.Linq;
using FluentValidation;
using FluentValidationSample.Models;

namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
    public class ApiSettingsValidator : AbstractValidator<ApiSettings>
    {
        public ApiSettingsValidator()
        {
            RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting).NotNull()
            .WithMessage("مدخل ApiSettings تعریف نشده‌است.");

            RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints).NotNull().NotEmpty()
            .WithMessage("مدخل AllowedEndpoints تعریف نشده‌است.");

            When(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints != null,
            () =>
                {
                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => endpoints.GroupBy(endpoint => endpoint.Name).Count() == endpoints.Count())
                        .WithMessage("نام‌های سرویس‌ها باید منحصربفرد باشند.");

                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => !endpoints.Any(endpoint => endpoint.Timeout > 90 || endpoint.Timeout < 1))
                        .WithMessage("مقدار timeout باید بین 1 و 90 باشد");

                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => endpoints.GroupBy(endpoint => endpoint.Url.ToString().ToLower()).Count() == endpoints.Count())
                        .WithMessage("آدرس‌های سرویس‌ها باید منحصربفرد باشند.");

                    RuleFor(apiSetting => apiSetting.AllowedEndpoints)
                        .Must(endpoints => endpoints.All(endpoint => endpoint.Url.Scheme.Equals("https", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase)))
                        .WithMessage("تمام آدرس‌ها باید HTTPS باشند.");
                });
        }
    }
}

services.AddOptions<BearerTokensOptions>()
           .Bind(configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens"))
           .Validate(bearerTokens =>
          {
                 return bearerTokens.AccessTokenExpirationMinutes < bearerTokens.RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes;
          }, "RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes is less than AccessTokenExpirationMinutes. Obtaining new tokens using the refresh token should happen only if the access token has expired.");

namespace Microsoft.Extensions.Options
{
    public interface IValidateOptions<TOptions> where TOptions : class
    {
        ValidateOptionsResult Validate(string name, TOptions options);
    }
}

using System.Linq;
using FluentValidation;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace FluentValidationSample.ModelsValidations
{
    public class AppConfigValidator<TOptions> : IValidateOptions<TOptions> where TOptions : class
    {
        private readonly IValidator<TOptions> _validator;

        public AppConfigValidator(IValidator<TOptions> validator)
        {
            _validator = validator;
        }

        public ValidateOptionsResult Validate(string name, TOptions options)
        {
            if (options is null)
            {
                return ValidateOptionsResult.Fail("Configuration object is null.");
            }

            var validationResult = _validator.Validate(options);
            return validationResult.IsValid
                ? ValidateOptionsResult.Success
                : ValidateOptionsResult.Fail(validationResult.Errors.Select(error => error.ToString()));
        }
    }
}

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<ApiSettings>(Configuration.GetSection(nameof(ApiSettings)));
            services.AddTransient<IValidateOptions<ApiSettings>, AppConfigValidator<ApiSettings>>();

namespace FluentValidationSample.Web.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        private readonly ApiSettings _apiSettings;

        public HomeController(IUsersService usersService, IOptions<ApiSettings> apiSettings)
        {
            _usersService = usersService;
            _apiSettings = apiSettings.Value;
        }

An unhandled exception occurred while processing the request.
OptionsValidationException: تمام آدرس‌ها باید HTTPS باشند.

Feedspot is the content reader built especially for power users who want to save time. Using a content reader helps you keep up with your top information 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>@ViewBag.Title - My ASP.NET Application</title>
    <link href="~/Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        @RenderBody()
    </div>

    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.js"></script>
    <script src="~/Scripts/ajaxfileupload.js"></script>
    @RenderSection("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

namespace MVCAjaxFormUpload.Models
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
    }
}

using System.Threading;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MVCAjaxFormUpload.Models;

namespace MVCAjaxFormUpload.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Index(Product product)
        {
            var isAjax = this.Request.IsAjaxRequest();

            return Json(new { result = "ok" }, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult UploadFiles(HttpPostedFileBase image1, int id)
        {
            var isAjax = this.Request.IsAjaxRequest();
            Thread.Sleep(3000); //شبیه سازی عملیات طولانی
            return Json(new { FileName = "/Uploads/filename.ext" }, "text/html", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }
    }
}

@model MVCAjaxFormUpload.Models.Product
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}

<h2>Ajax Form Upload</h2>

@using (Ajax.BeginForm(actionName: "Index",
                       controllerName: "Home",
                       ajaxOptions: new AjaxOptions { HttpMethod = "POST" },
                       routeValues: null,
                       htmlAttributes: new { id = "uploadForm" }))
{
    <label>Name:</label>
    @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Name)
    <br />
    <label>Image:</label>
    <br />
    <input type="file" name="Image1" id="Image1" />
    <br />
    <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
    <img id="loading" src="~/Content/Images/loading.gif" style="display:none;">
}

@section Scripts
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            $('#uploadForm').submit(function () {
                $("#loading").show();
                $.ajaxFileUpload({
                    url: "@Url.Action("UploadFiles", "Home")", // مسیری که باید فایل به آن ارسال شود
                    secureuri: false,
                    fileElementId: 'Image1', // آی دی المان ورودی فایل
                    dataType: 'json',
                    data: { id: 1, data: 'test' }, // اطلاعات اضافی در صورت نیاز
                    success: function (data, status) {
                        $("#loading").hide();
                        if (typeof (data.FileName) != 'undefined') {
                            alert(data.FileName);
                        }
                    },
                    error: function (data, status, e) {
                        $("#loading").hide();
                        alert(e);
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
}

// ...

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

app.MapGet("/api/authors", async (MinimalBlogDbContext ctx) =>
{
    var authors = await ctx.Authors.ToListAsync();
    return authors;
});

app.Run();

//...

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

//...

app.MapPost("/api/authors", async (MinimalBlogDbContext ctx, AuthorDto authorDto) =>
{
    var author = new Author();
    author.FirstName = authorDto.FirstName;
    author.LastName = authorDto.LastName;
    author.Bio = authorDto.Bio;
    author.DateOfBirth = authorDto.DateOfBirth;

    ctx.Authors.Add(author);
    await ctx.SaveChangesAsync();

    return author;
});

app.Run();

internal record AuthorDto(string FirstName, string LastName, DateTime DateOfBirth, string? Bio);

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MinimalBlog.Dal;

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Extensions;

public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddApplicationServices(this IServiceCollection services,
        WebApplicationBuilder builder)
    {
        if (builder == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
        }

        builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
        builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

        var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default");
        builder.Services.AddDbContext<MinimalBlogDbContext>(opt => opt.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

        return services;
    }
}

namespace MinimalBlog.Api.Extensions;

public static class WebApplicationExtensions
{
    public static WebApplication ConfigureApplication(this WebApplication app)
    {
        if (app == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(app));
        }

        if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseSwagger();
            app.UseSwaggerUI();
        }

        app.UseHttpsRedirection();

        return app;
    }
}

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddApplicationServices(builder);

var app = builder.Build();
app.ConfigureApplication();

public abstract class BaseEntity
{
    protected BaseEntity()
    {
        TrackingState = TrackingState.Nochange;
    }

    public TrackingState TrackingState { get; set; }
}

public enum TrackingState
{
    Nochange,
    Add,
    Update,
    Remove,
}

public class Customer : BaseEntity
{
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Company { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Phone> Phones { get; set; }
}

public class Phone : BaseEntity
{
    public int PhoneId { get; set; }
    public string Number { get; set; }
    public string PhoneType { get; set; }
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
    public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
}

public class Recipe4Context : DbContext
{
    public Recipe4Context() : base("Recipe4ConnectionString") { }
    public DbSet<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Phone> Phones { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        // Do not persist TrackingState property to data store
        // This property is used internally to track state of
        // disconnected entities across service boundaries.
        // Leverage the Custom Code First Conventions features from Entity Framework 6.
        // Define a convention that performs a configuration for every entity
        // that derives from a base entity class.
        modelBuilder.Types<BaseEntity>().Configure(x => x.Ignore(y => y.TrackingState));
        modelBuilder.Entity<Customer>().ToTable("Customers");
        modelBuilder.Entity<Phone>().ToTable("Phones");
}
}

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="Recipe4ConnectionString"
    connectionString="Data Source=.;
    Initial Catalog=EFRecipes;
    Integrated Security=True;
    MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
    providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

protected void Application_Start()
{
    // Disable Entity Framework Model Compatibilty
    Database.SetInitializer<Recipe1Context>(null);
    // The bidirectional navigation properties between related entities
    // create a self-referencing loop that breaks Web API's effort to
    // serialize the objects as JSON. By default, Json.NET is configured
    // to error when a reference loop is detected. To resolve problem,
    // simply configure JSON serializer to ignore self-referencing loops.
    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter
        .SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling =
            Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore;
    ...
}

public static EntityState Set(TrackingState trackingState)
{
    switch (trackingState)
    {
        case TrackingState.Add:
            return EntityState.Added;
        case TrackingState.Update:
            return EntityState.Modified;
        case TrackingState.Remove:
            return EntityState.Deleted;
        default:
            return EntityState.Unchanged;
    }
}

public class CustomerController : ApiController
{
    // GET api/customer
    public IEnumerable<Customer> Get()
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            return context.Customers.Include(x => x.Phones).ToList();
        }
    }

    // GET api/customer/5
    public Customer Get(int id)
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            return context.Customers.Include(x => x.Phones).FirstOrDefault(x => x.CustomerId == id);
        }
    }

    [ActionName("Update")]
    public HttpResponseMessage UpdateCustomer(Customer customer)
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            // Add object graph to context setting default state of 'Added'.
            // Adding parent to context automatically attaches entire graph
            // (parent and child entities) to context and sets state to 'Added'
            // for all entities.
            context.Customers.Add(customer);
            foreach (var entry in context.ChangeTracker.Entries<BaseEntity>())
            {
                entry.State = EntityStateFactory.Set(entry.Entity.TrackingState);
                if (entry.State == EntityState.Modified)
                {
                    // For entity updates, we fetch a current copy of the entity
                    // from the database and assign the values to the orginal values
                    // property from the Entry object. OriginalValues wrap a dictionary
                    // that represents the values of the entity before applying changes.
                    // The Entity Framework change tracker will detect
                    // differences between the current and original values and mark
                    // each property and the entity as modified. Start by setting
                    // the state for the entity as 'Unchanged'.
                    entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged;
                    var databaseValues = entry.GetDatabaseValues();
                    entry.OriginalValues.SetValues(databaseValues);
                }
            }

        context.SaveChanges();
    }

    return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, customer);
}

    [HttpDelete]
    [ActionName("Cleanup")]
    public HttpResponseMessage Cleanup()
    {
        using (var context = new Recipe4Context())
        {
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from phones");
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("delete from customers");
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        }
    }
}