{
    "type": "https://example.com/probs/out-of-credit",
    "title": "You do not have enough credit.",
    "detail": "Your current balance is 30, but that costs 50.",
    "instance": "/account/12345/msgs/abc",
    "status": 403,
}

var mediaType = response.Content.Headers.ContentType?.MediaType;
if (mediaType != null && mediaType.Equals("application/problem+json", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
{
   var problemDetails = await response.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<ProblemDetails>(null, ct) ?? new ProblemDetails();
   // ...
}

[HttpPost("/sales/products/{sku}/availableForSale")]
public async Task<IActionResult> AvailableForSale([FromRoute] string sku)
{
   return Problem(
            "Product is already Available For Sale.",
            "/sales/products/1/availableForSale",
            400,
            "Cannot set product as available.",
            "http://example.com/problems/already-available");
}

HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/problem+json
Content-Language: en
{
    "type": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.5.1",
    "title": "One or more validation errors occurred.",
    "status": 400,
    "errors": {
        "User": [
            "The user name is not verified."
        ]
    }
}

namespace WebApplication.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class DemoController : ControllerBase
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Post()
        {
            var problemDetails = new ProblemDetails
            {
                Detail = "The request parameters failed to validate.",
                Instance = null,
                Status = 400,
                Title = "Validation Error",
                Type = "https://example.net/validation-error",
            };

            problemDetails.Extensions.Add("invalidParams", new List<ValidationProblemDetailsParam>()
            {
                new("name", "Cannot be blank."),
                new("age", "Must be great or equals to 18.")
            });

            return new ObjectResult(problemDetails)
            {
                StatusCode = 400
            };
        }
    }

    public class ValidationProblemDetailsParam
    {
        public ValidationProblemDetailsParam(string name, string reason)
        {
            Name = name;
            Reason = reason;
        }

        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Reason { get; set; }
    }
}

services.AddProblemDetails();

app.UseExceptionHandler();

app.UseStatusCodePages();

app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

builder.Services.AddProblemDetails(options =>
    options.CustomizeProblemDetails = ctx =>
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Extensions.Add("MachineName", Environment.MachineName));

public class MyErrorFeature
{
    public ErrorType Error  { get; set; }
}
​
public enum ErrorType
{
    ArgumentException
}

    [HttpGet("{value}")]
    public IActionResult MyErrorTest(int value)
    {
        if (value <= 0)
        {
            var errorType = new MyErrorFeature
            {
                Error = ErrorType.ArgumentException
            };
            HttpContext.Features.Set(errorType);
            return BadRequest();
        }
​
        return Ok(value);
    }

services.AddProblemDetails(options =>
    options.CustomizeProblemDetails = ctx =>
    {
        var MyErrorFeature = ctx.HttpContext.Features.Get<MyErrorFeature>();
​
        if (MyErrorFeature is not null)
        {
            (string Title, string Detail, string Type) details = MyErrorFeature.Error switch
            {
                ErrorType.ArgumentException =>
                (
                    nameof(ArgumentException),
                    "This is an argument-exception.",
                    "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.5.1"
                ),
                _ =>
                (
                    nameof(Exception),
                    "default-exception",
                    "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.6.1"
                )
            };
​
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Title = details.Title;
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Detail = details.Detail;
            ctx.ProblemDetails.Type = details.Type;
        }
    }
);

public class MyCustomException : Exception
{
    public MyCustomException(
        string message,
        HttpStatusCode statusCode = HttpStatusCode.BadRequest
    ) : base(message)
    {
        StatusCode = statusCode;
    }
​
    public HttpStatusCode StatusCode { get; }
}

    [HttpGet("{value}")]
    public IActionResult MyErrorTest(int value)
    {
        if (value <= 0)
        {
            throw new MyCustomException("The value should be positive!");
        }
​
        return Ok(value);
    }

app.UseExceptionHandler(exceptionHandlerApp =>
{
    exceptionHandlerApp.Run(async context =>
    {
        context.Response.ContentType = "application/problem+json";
​
        if (context.RequestServices.GetService<IProblemDetailsService>() is { } problemDetailsService)
        {
            var exceptionHandlerFeature = context.Features.Get<IExceptionHandlerFeature>();
            var exceptionType = exceptionHandlerFeature?.Error;
​
            if (exceptionType is not null)
            {
                (string Title, string Detail, string Type, int StatusCode) details = exceptionType switch
                {
                    MyCustomException MyCustomException =>
                    (
                        exceptionType.GetType().Name,
                        exceptionType.Message,
                        "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.5.1",
                        context.Response.StatusCode = (int)MyCustomException.StatusCode
                    ),
                    _ =>
                    (
                        exceptionType.GetType().Name,
                        exceptionType.Message,
                        "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#section-6.6.1",
                        context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError
                    )
                };
​
                await problemDetailsService.WriteAsync(new ProblemDetailsContext
                {
                    HttpContext = context,
                    ProblemDetails =
                    {
                        Title = details.Title,
                        Detail = details.Detail,
                        Type = details.Type,
                        Status = details.StatusCode
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    });
});
​

    public class YahooWeatherRssItem
    {
        public int Code { get; set; } 
        //...
        public string FileName 
        {
          get { return Util.GetFileName(Code); }
        }
    }

    public class Person
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [ForeignKey("BornInCityId")]
        public virtual City BornInCity { get; set; }
        public int BornInCityId { get; set; }
    }

    public class City
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public virtual ICollection<Person> People { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<City> Cities { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Person> People { get; set; }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            var city1 = new City { Name = "city-1" };
            var city2 = new City { Name = "city-2" };
            context.Cities.Add(city1);
            context.Cities.Add(city2);

            var person1 = new Person { Name = "user-1", BornInCity = city1 };
            var person2 = new Person { Name = "user-2", BornInCity = city1 };
            context.People.Add(person1);
            context.People.Add(person2);

            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());

            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                var peopleAndCitiesList = from person in context.People
                           join city in context.Cities
                           on person.BornInCityId equals city.Id
                           select new
                           {
                              PersonName = person.Name,
                              CityName = city.Name
                           };

                foreach (var item in peopleAndCitiesList)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", item.PersonName, item.CityName);
                }
            }
        }
    }

SELECT 
          [Extent1].[BornInCityId] AS [BornInCityId], 
          [Extent1].[Name] AS [Name], 
          [Extent2].[Name] AS [Name1]
FROM  [dbo].[People] AS [Extent1]
INNER JOIN [dbo].[Cities] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent1].[BornInCityId] = [Extent2].[Id]

var peopleAndCitiesList = context.People
                                  .Select(person => new
                                                         {
                                                             PersonName = person.Name,
                                                             CityName = person.BornInCity.Name
                                                         });

var citiesList = context.Cities.OrderByDescending(x => x.People.Count());
foreach (var item in citiesList)
{
    Console.WriteLine("{0}", item.Name);
}

SELECT 
[Project1].[Id] AS [Id], 
[Project1].[Name] AS [Name]
FROM ( SELECT 
        [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
        [Extent1].[Name] AS [Name], 
        (SELECT 
                COUNT(1) AS [A1]
                FROM [dbo].[People] AS [Extent2]
                WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = [Extent2].[BornInCityId]) AS [C1]
        FROM [dbo].[Cities] AS [Extent1]
)  AS [Project1]
ORDER BY [Project1].[C1] DESC

 var peopleAndCitiesList = context.Cities
                                     .Select(city => new
                                                 {
                                                     InUseCount = city.People.Count(),
                                                     CityName = city.Name
                                                 });

foreach (var item in peopleAndCitiesList)
{
     Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", item.CityName, item.InUseCount);
}

SELECT 
[Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], 
(SELECT 
        COUNT(1) AS [A1]
        FROM [dbo].[People] AS [Extent2]
        WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = [Extent2].[BornInCityId]) AS [C1], 
[Extent1].[Name] AS [Name]
FROM [dbo].[Cities] AS [Extent1]

<!--نحوه‌ی راست به چپ سازی -->
<div class="k-rtl">
    <textarea id="editor" rows="10" cols="30" style="height: 440px"></textarea>
</div>
 
@section JavaScript
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            $("#editor").kendoEditor({
                tools: [
                    "bold", "italic", "underline", "strikethrough", "justifyLeft",
                    "justifyCenter", "justifyRight", "justifyFull", "insertUnorderedList",
                    "insertOrderedList", "indent", "outdent", "createLink", "unlink",
                    "insertImage", "insertFile",
                    "subscript", "superscript", "createTable", "addRowAbove", "addRowBelow",
                    "addColumnLeft", "addColumnRight", "deleteRow", "deleteColumn", "viewHtml",
                    "formatting", "cleanFormatting", "fontName", "fontSize", "foreColor",
                    "backColor", "print"
                ],
                imageBrowser: {
                    messages: {
                        dropFilesHere: "فایل‌های خود را به اینجا کشیده و رها کنید"
                    },
                    transport: {
                        read: {
                            url: "@Url.Action("GetFilesList", "KendoEditorImages")",
                            dataType: "json",
                            contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                            type: 'GET',
                            cache: false
                        },
                        destroy: {
                            url: "@Url.Action("DestroyFile", "KendoEditorImages")",
                            type: "POST"
                        },
                        create: {
                            url: "@Url.Action("CreateFolder", "KendoEditorImages")",
                            type: "POST"
                        },
                        thumbnailUrl: "@Url.Action("GetThumbnail", "KendoEditorImages")",
                        uploadUrl: "@Url.Action("UploadFile", "KendoEditorImages")",
                        imageUrl: "@Url.Action("GetFile", "KendoEditorImages")?path={0}"
                    }
                },
                fileBrowser: {
                    messages: {
                        dropFilesHere: "فایل‌های خود را به اینجا کشیده و رها کنید"
                    },
                    transport: {
                        read: {
                            url: "@Url.Action("GetFilesList", "KendoEditorFiles")",
                            dataType: "json",
                            contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                            type: 'GET',
                            cache: false
                        },
                        destroy: {
                            url: "@Url.Action("DestroyFile", "KendoEditorFiles")",
                            type: "POST"
                        },
                        create: {
                            url: "@Url.Action("CreateFolder", "KendoEditorFiles")",
                            type: "POST"
                        },
                        uploadUrl: "@Url.Action("UploadFile", "KendoEditorFiles")",
                        fileUrl: "@Url.Action("GetFile", "KendoEditorFiles")?path={0}"
                    }
                }
            });
        });
    </script>
}

imageBrowser: {
    transport: {
        read: {
            url: "@Url.Action("GetFilesList", "KendoEditorImages")",
            dataType: "json",
            contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
            type: 'GET',
            cache: false
        }
    }
},

namespace KendoUI13.Controllers
{
    public class KendoEditorFilesController : Controller
    {
        //مسیر پوشه فایل‌ها
        protected string FilesFolder = "~/files";
 
        protected string KendoFileType = "f";
        protected string KendoDirType = "d";
 
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult GetFilesList(string path)
        {
            path = GetSafeDirPath(path);
            var imagesList = new DirectoryInfo(path)
                                .GetFiles()
                                .Select(fileInfo => new KendoFile
                                {
                                    Name = fileInfo.Name,
                                    Size = fileInfo.Length,
                                    Type = KendoFileType
                                }).ToList();
 
            var foldersList = new DirectoryInfo(path)
                                .GetDirectories()
                                .Select(directoryInfo => new KendoFile
                                {
                                    Name = directoryInfo.Name,
                                    Type = KendoDirType
                                }).ToList();
 
            return new ContentResult
            {
                Content = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(imagesList.Union(foldersList), new JsonSerializerSettings
                {
                    ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver()
                }),
                ContentType = "application/json",
                ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8
            };
        }
 
 
        protected string GetSafeDirPath(string path)
        {
            // path = مسیر زیر پوشه‌ی وارد شده
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
            {
                return Server.MapPath(FilesFolder);
            }
 
            //تمیز سازی امنیتی
            path = Path.GetDirectoryName(path);
            path = Path.Combine(Server.MapPath(FilesFolder), path);
            return path;
        } 
    }
}

namespace KendoUI13.Models
{
    public class KendoFile
    {
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Type { set; get; }
        public long Size { set; get; }
    }
}

imageBrowser: {
    transport: {
        destroy: {
            url: "@Url.Action("DestroyFile", "KendoEditorImages")",
            type: "POST"
        }
    }
},

namespace KendoUI13.Controllers
{
    public class KendoEditorFilesController : Controller
    {
        //مسیر پوشه فایل‌ها
        protected string FilesFolder = "~/files";
 
        protected string KendoFileType = "f";
        protected string KendoDirType = "d";
 
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult DestroyFile(string name, string path)
        {
            //تمیز سازی امنیتی
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            path = GetSafeDirPath(path);
 
            var pathToDelete = Path.Combine(path, name);
 
            var attr = System.IO.File.GetAttributes(pathToDelete);
            if ((attr & FileAttributes.Directory) == FileAttributes.Directory)
            {
                Directory.Delete(pathToDelete, recursive: true);
            }
            else
            {
                System.IO.File.Delete(pathToDelete);
            }
 
            return Json(new object[0]);
        } 
    }
}

imageBrowser: {
    transport: {
        create: {
            url: "@Url.Action("CreateFolder", "KendoEditorImages")",
            type: "POST"
        }
    }
},

namespace KendoUI13.Controllers
{
    public class KendoEditorFilesController : Controller
    {
        //مسیر پوشه فایل‌ها
        protected string FilesFolder = "~/files";
 
        protected string KendoFileType = "f";
        protected string KendoDirType = "d";
 
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult CreateFolder(string name, string path)
        {
            //تمیز سازی امنیتی
            name = Path.GetFileName(name);
            path = GetSafeDirPath(path);
            var dirToCreate = Path.Combine(path, name);
 
            Directory.CreateDirectory(dirToCreate);
 
            return KendoFile(new KendoFile
            {
                Name = name,
                Type = KendoDirType
            });
        }
 
        protected ActionResult KendoFile(KendoFile file)
        {
            return new ContentResult
            {
                Content = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(file,
                    new JsonSerializerSettings
                    {
                        ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver()
                    }),
                ContentType = "application/json",
                ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8
            };
        }
    }
}

imageBrowser: {
    transport: {
        thumbnailUrl: "@Url.Action("GetThumbnail", "KendoEditorImages")",
        uploadUrl: "@Url.Action("UploadFile", "KendoEditorImages")",
        imageUrl: "@Url.Action("GetFile", "KendoEditorImages")?path={0}"
    }
},

namespace KendoUI13.Controllers
{
    public class KendoEditorFilesController : Controller
    {
        //مسیر پوشه فایل‌ها
        protected string FilesFolder = "~/files";
 
        protected string KendoFileType = "f";
        protected string KendoDirType = "d";

 
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult UploadFile(HttpPostedFileBase file, string path)
        {
            //تمیز سازی امنیتی
            var name = Path.GetFileName(file.FileName);
            path = GetSafeDirPath(path);
            var pathToSave = Path.Combine(path, name);
 
            file.SaveAs(pathToSave);
 
            return KendoFile(new KendoFile
            {
                Name = name,
                Size = file.ContentLength,
                Type = KendoFileType
            });
        } 
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
 
namespace KendoUI13.Controllers
{
    public class KendoEditorImagesController : KendoEditorFilesController
    {
        public KendoEditorImagesController()
        {
            // بازنویسی مسیر پوشه‌ی فایل‌ها
            FilesFolder = "~/images";
        }
 
        [HttpGet]
        [OutputCache(Duration = 3600, VaryByParam = "path")]
        public ActionResult GetThumbnail(string path)
        {
            //todo: create thumb/ resize image
 
            path = GetSafeFileAndDirPath(path);
            return File(path, "image/png");
        }
    }
}

public class Order
{
    public int OrderId { get; set; }
    public string Product { get; set; }
    public int Quantity { get; set; }
    public string Status { get; set; }
    public byte[] TimeStamp { get; set; }
}

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="Recipe1ConnectionString"
    connectionString="Data Source=.;
    Initial Catalog=EFRecipes;
    Integrated Security=True;
    MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
    providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

protected void Application_Start()
{
    // Disable Entity Framework Model Compatibilty
    Database.SetInitializer<Recipe1Context>(null);
    ...
}

using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
 
namespace MvcPluginMasterApp.Plugin1.DomainClasses
{
    public class News
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
 
        public string Title { set; get; }
 
        public string Body { set; get; }
    }
 
    public class NewsConfig : EntityTypeConfiguration<News>
    {
        public NewsConfig()
        {
            this.ToTable("Plugin1_News");
            this.HasKey(news => news.Id);
            this.Property(news => news.Title).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(500);
            this.Property(news => news.Body).IsOptional().IsMaxLength();
        }
    }
}

 PM> install-package EntityFramework

public class MvcPluginMasterAppContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
{
    public DbSet<Category> Categories { set; get; }
    public DbSet<Product> Products { set; get; }

namespace MvcPluginMasterApp.PluginsBase
{
    public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable
    {
        IDbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class;
        int SaveAllChanges();
        void MarkAsChanged<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class;
        IList<T> GetRows<T>(string sql, params object[] parameters) where T : class;
        IEnumerable<TEntity> AddThisRange<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class;
        void SetDynamicEntities(Type[] dynamicTypes);
        void ForceDatabaseInitialize();
        void SetConfigurationsAssemblies(Assembly[] assembly);
    }
}

namespace MvcPluginMasterApp.DataLayer.Context
{
    public class MvcPluginMasterAppContext : DbContext, IUnitOfWork
    {
        private readonly IList<Assembly> _configurationsAssemblies = new List<Assembly>();
        private readonly IList<Type[]> _dynamicTypes = new List<Type[]>(); 
 
        public void ForceDatabaseInitialize()
        {
            Database.Initialize(force: true);
        }
 
        public void SetConfigurationsAssemblies(Assembly[] assemblies)
        {
            if (assemblies == null) return;
 
            foreach (var assembly in assemblies)
            {
                _configurationsAssemblies.Add(assembly);
            }
        }
 
        public void SetDynamicEntities(Type[] dynamicTypes)
        {
            if (dynamicTypes == null) return;
            _dynamicTypes.Add(dynamicTypes);
        }
 
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            addConfigurationsFromAssemblies(modelBuilder);
            addPluginsEntitiesDynamically(modelBuilder);
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
 
        private void addConfigurationsFromAssemblies(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            foreach (var assembly in _configurationsAssemblies)
            {
                modelBuilder.Configurations.AddFromAssembly(assembly);
            }
        }
 
        private void addPluginsEntitiesDynamically(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            foreach (var types in _dynamicTypes)
            {
                foreach (var type in types)
                {
                    modelBuilder.RegisterEntityType(type);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace MvcPluginMasterApp.PluginsBase
{
    public interface IPlugin
    {
        EfBootstrapper GetEfBootstrapper();
        //...به همراه سایر متدهای مورد نیاز
    }
 
    public class EfBootstrapper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Assemblies containing EntityTypeConfiguration classes.
        /// </summary>
        public Assembly[] ConfigurationsAssemblies { get; set; }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Domain classes.
        /// </summary>
        public Type[] DomainEntities { get; set; }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Custom Seed method.
        /// </summary>
        public Action<IUnitOfWork> DatabaseSeeder { get; set; }
    } 
}

namespace MvcPluginMasterApp.Plugin1
{
    public class Plugin1 : IPlugin
    {
        public EfBootstrapper GetEfBootstrapper()
        {
            return new EfBootstrapper
            {
                DomainEntities = new[] { typeof(News) },
                ConfigurationsAssemblies = new[] { typeof(NewsConfig).Assembly },
                DatabaseSeeder = uow =>
                {
                    var news = uow.Set<News>();
                    if (news.Any())
                    {
                        return;
                    }
 
                    news.Add(new News
                    {
                        Title = "News 1",
                        Body = "news 1 news 1 news 1 ...."
                    });
 
                    news.Add(new News
                    {
                        Title = "News 2",
                        Body = "news 2 news 2 news 2 ...."
                    });
                }
            };
        }

[assembly: PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(EFBootstrapperStart), "Start")]
namespace MvcPluginMasterApp
{
    public static class EFBootstrapperStart
    {
        public static void Start()
        {
            var plugins = SmObjectFactory.Container.GetAllInstances<IPlugin>().ToList();
            using (var uow = SmObjectFactory.Container.GetInstance<IUnitOfWork>())
            {
                initDatabase(uow, plugins);
                runDatabaseSeeders(uow, plugins);
            }
        }
 
        private static void initDatabase(IUnitOfWork uow, IEnumerable<IPlugin> plugins)
        {
            foreach (var plugin in plugins)
            {
                var efBootstrapper = plugin.GetEfBootstrapper();
                if (efBootstrapper == null) continue;
 
                uow.SetDynamicEntities(efBootstrapper.DomainEntities);
                uow.SetConfigurationsAssemblies(efBootstrapper.ConfigurationsAssemblies);
            }
 
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MvcPluginMasterAppContext, Configuration>());
            uow.ForceDatabaseInitialize();
        }
 
        private static void runDatabaseSeeders(IUnitOfWork uow, IEnumerable<IPlugin> plugins)
        {
            foreach (var plugin in plugins)
            {
                var efBootstrapper = plugin.GetEfBootstrapper();
                if (efBootstrapper == null || efBootstrapper.DatabaseSeeder == null) continue;
 
                efBootstrapper.DatabaseSeeder(uow);
                uow.SaveAllChanges();
            }
        }
    }
}