StartupUri="AddRequest.xaml"

•System.Activities
•System.Activities.DurableInstancing
•System.Configuration
•System.Data.Linq
•System.Runtime.DurableInstancing
•System.ServiceModel
•System.ServiceModel.Activities
•System.Workflow.ComponentModel
•System.Runtime.DurableInstancing
•System.Activities.DurableInstancing

<Window x:Class="PersistWF.UI.AddRequest"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="520" Width="550" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
    <Grid MinWidth="300" MinHeight="100" Width="514">
        <Label Height="30" Margin="5,10,10,10" Name="lblName"  VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="90"  HorizontalContentAlignment="Right">Name:</Label>
        <Label Height="30" Margin="270,10,10,10" Name="lblPhone"  VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="90"  HorizontalContentAlignment="Right">Phone Number:</Label>
        <Label Height="30" Margin="5,40,10,10" Name="lblEmail"  VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="90"  HorizontalContentAlignment="Right">Email:</Label>
        <TextBox Height="25" Margin="100,10,10,10" Name="txtName"  VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="170" />
        <TextBox Height="25" Margin="365,10,10,10" Name="txtPhone"  VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="100" />
        <TextBox Height="25" Margin="100,40,10,10" Name="txtEmail"  VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="300" />
        <Button Height="23" Margin="100,86,0,0" Name="brnRegister"  VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="70"  Click="brnRegister_Click">Register</Button>
        <ListView x:Name="lstUsers" Margin="10,125,10,10" Height="145"  VerticalAlignment="Top" ItemsSource="{Binding}"  HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"  SelectionChanged="lstUsers_SelectionChanged" >
            <ListView.View>
                <GridView>
                    <GridViewColumn Header="Current User" Width="480">
                        <GridViewColumn.CellTemplate>
                            <DataTemplate>
                                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"  Width="110"/>
                                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Phone}"  Width="70"/>
                                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Email}"  Width="130"/>
                                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Status}"  Width="70"/>
                                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding AcceptedBy}"  Width="100"/>
                                </StackPanel>
                            </DataTemplate>
                        </GridViewColumn.CellTemplate>
                    </GridViewColumn>
                </GridView>
            </ListView.View>
        </ListView>
        <Label Height="37" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="10,272,5,10"  Name="lblSelectedNotes" VerticalAlignment="Top" Visibility="Hidden" />
        <Label Height="30" Margin="10,0,0,140" Name="lblAgent"  VerticalAlignment="Bottom" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="40"  HorizontalContentAlignment="Left" Visibility="Hidden">Admin Name:</Label>
        <TextBox Height="25" Margin="60,0,0,140" Name="txtAcceptedBy"  VerticalAlignment="Bottom" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="190"  Visibility="Hidden" />
        <Button Height="25" Margin="270,0,0,140" Name="btnAccept"  VerticalAlignment="Bottom" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="90"  Click="btnAccept_Click" Visibility="Hidden">Accept</Button>
        <Label Height="27" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,0,0,110"  Name="lblEvent" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Width="76">Event Log</Label>
        <ListBox Margin="12,0,5,12" Name="lstEvents" Height="100"  VerticalAlignment="Bottom" FontStretch="Condensed" FontSize="10" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace PersistWF.UI
{
    public static class ApplicationInterface
    {
        public static AddRequest _app { get; set; }
    }
}

        public AddRequest()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            ApplicationInterface._app = this;
        }

private void AddEvent(string szText)
        {
            lstEvents.Items.Add(szText);
        }
        public ListBox GetEventListBox()
        {
            return this.lstEvents;
        }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace PersistWF.UI
{
    public class ListBoxTextWriter : TextWriter 
    { 
         const string textClosed = "This TextWriter must be opened before use"; 
         private Encoding _encoding; 
         private bool _isOpen = false; 
         private ListBox _listBox; 
         public ListBoxTextWriter() 
         { 
             // Get the static list box 
             _listBox = ApplicationInterface._app.GetEventListBox(); 
             if (_listBox != null) 
             _isOpen = true; 
         } 
         public ListBoxTextWriter(ListBox listBox) 
         { 
             this._listBox = listBox; 
             this._isOpen = true; 
         } 
         public override Encoding Encoding 
         { 
             get 
             { 
                if (_encoding == null) 
                { 
                    _encoding = new UnicodeEncoding(false, false); 
                } 
                return _encoding; 
             } 
         }
         public override void Close()
         {
             this.Dispose(true);
         }
         protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
         {
             this._isOpen = false;
             base.Dispose(disposing);
         }
         public override void Write(char value)
         {
             if (!this._isOpen)
                 throw new ApplicationException(textClosed); ;
             this._listBox.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => this._listBox.Items.Add(value.ToString())));
         }
         public override void Write(string value)
         {
             if (!this._isOpen)
                 throw new ApplicationException(textClosed); 
             if (value != null)
                 this._listBox.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => this._listBox.Items.Add(value)));
         }
         public override void Write(char[] buffer, int index, int count)
         {
             String toAdd = "";
             if (!this._isOpen)
                 throw new ApplicationException(textClosed); ;
             if (buffer == null || index < 0 || count < 0)
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("buffer");
             if ((buffer.Length - index) < count)
                 throw new ArgumentException("The buffer is too small");
             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
                 toAdd += buffer[i];
             this._listBox.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => this._listBox.Items.Add(toAdd)));
         }
    }
}

public static void AddEvent(String status)
        {
            if (_app != null)
            {
                new ListBoxTextWriter(_app.GetEventListBox()).WriteLine(status);
            }
        }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Activities;

namespace PersistWF.UI.Activities
{

    public sealed class CreateUser : CodeActivity
    {


        public InArgument<string> Name { get; set; }
        public InArgument<string> Email { get; set; }
        public InArgument<string> Phone { get; set; }
        public InArgument<string> ConnectionString { get; set; }

        public OutArgument<User> User { get; set; }

        protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext context)
        {
            // ایجاد کاربر
            User user = new User();
            user.Email = Email.Get(context);
            user.Name = Name.Get(context);
            user.Phone = Phone.Get(context);
            user.Status = "New";
     user.WorkflowID = context.WorkflowInstanceId;
            UserDataDataContext db = new UserDataDataContext(ConnectionString.Get(context));
            db.Users.InsertOnSubmit(user);
            db.SubmitChanges();
            User.Set(context, user);
        }
    }
}

 using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Activities;
using System.Workflow.ComponentModel;

namespace PersistWF.UI.Activities
{

    public sealed class WaitForAccept<T> : NativeActivity<T>
    {
        public WaitForAccept()
            :base()
        {

        }
        public string BookmarkName { get; set; }
        public OutArgument<T> Input { get; set; } 

        protected override void Execute(NativeActivityContext context)
        {
            context.CreateBookmark(BookmarkName, new BookmarkCallback(this.Continue));
        }

        private void Continue(NativeActivityContext context, Bookmark bookmark, object value)
        {
            Input.Set(context, (T)value); 
        }
        protected override bool CanInduceIdle
        {
            get
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
}

using PersistWF.UI.Activities;
using System;
using System.Activities;
using System.Activities.Statements;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace PersistWF.UI
{
     public sealed class UserWF : Activity
    {
        public InArgument<string> Name { get; set; }
        public InArgument<string> Email { get; set; }
        public InArgument<string> Phone { get; set; }
        public InArgument<string> ConnectionString { get; set; }
        public InArgument<TextWriter> Writer { get; set; }

        public UserWF()
        {
            Variable<User> User = new Variable<User> { Name = "User" };
            this.Implementation = () => new Sequence
            {
                DisplayName = "EnterUser",
                Variables = { User },
                Activities = { 
                     new CreateUser   //  1. ایجاد کاربر با ورود پارامتر‌های ورودی  
                    {
                        ConnectionString = new InArgument<string>(c=> ConnectionString.Get(c)),
                        Email = new InArgument<string>(c=> Email.Get(c)),
                        Name = new InArgument<string>(c=> Name.Get(c)),
                        Phone = new InArgument<string>(c=> Phone.Get(c)),
                        User = new OutArgument<User>(c=> User.Get(c))
                    },
                    new WriteLine // 2. لاگ مربوط به دخیره کاربر
                    {
                        TextWriter = new InArgument<TextWriter>(c=> Writer.Get(c)),
                        Text = new InArgument<string>(c=> string.Format("User {0} Registered and waiting for Accept", Name.Get(c) ) )
                    },
                    new InvokeMethod 
                     { 
                         TargetType = typeof(ApplicationInterface),  // 3. برای به روزرسانی لیست کاربران ثبت شده در نمایش فرم
                         MethodName = "NewUser", 
                         Parameters = 
                         { 
                            new InArgument<User>(env => User.Get(env)) 
                         } 
                     }, 
                     new WaitForAccept<User>  // 4. اینجا فرایند متوقف می‌شود و منتظر تایید مدیر می‌ماند
                     {  
                        BookmarkName = "GetAcceptes",
                        Input = new OutArgument<User>(env => User.Get(env))
                     },
                     new WriteLine // 5. لاگ مربوط به تایید شدن کاربر
                     {
                         TextWriter = new InArgument<TextWriter>(c=> Writer.Get(c)),
                         Text = new InArgument<string>(c=> string.Format("User {0} Accepter by {1}",Name.Get(c),User.Get(c).AcceptedBy))
                     }
                }

            };

        }

    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <configSections>
    </configSections>
    <connectionStrings>
        <add name="UserGenerator"
            connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=PersistWF;Integrated Security=True"
            providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
    </connectionStrings>
    <startup> 
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
    </startup>
</configuration>

private string _connectionString = "";

Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            ConnectionStringsSection css = (ConnectionStringsSection)config.GetSection("connectionStrings");
            _connectionString =  css.ConnectionStrings["UserGenerator"].ConnectionString;

private InstanceStore _instanceStore;

_instanceStore = new SqlWorkflowInstanceStore(_connectionString);
            InstanceView view = _instanceStore.Execute(_instanceStore.CreateInstanceHandle(), new CreateWorkflowOwnerCommand(), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30));
            _instanceStore.DefaultInstanceOwner = view.InstanceOwner;

private void brnRegister_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            Dictionary<string, object> parameters = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            parameters.Add("Name", txtName.Text);
            parameters.Add("Phone", txtPhone.Text);
            parameters.Add("Email", txtEmail.Text);
            parameters.Add("ConnectionString", _connectionString);
            parameters.Add("Writer", new ListBoxTextWriter(lstEvents));
            WorkflowApplication i = new WorkflowApplication
            (new UserWF(), parameters);
            // Setup persistence 
            i.InstanceStore = _instanceStore;
            i.PersistableIdle = (waiea) => PersistableIdleAction.Unload;
            i.Run(); 
        }

public static void NewUser(User l)
        {
            if (_app != null)
                _app.AddNewUser(l);
        }

public void AddNewUser(User l)
        {
            this.lstUsers.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => this.lstUsers.Items.Add(l)));
        }

private void lstUsers_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (lstUsers.SelectedIndex >= 0)
            {
                User l = (User)lstUsers.Items[lstUsers.SelectedIndex];
                lblSelectedNotes.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
                if (l.Status == "New")
                {
                    lblAgent.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
                    txtAcceptedBy.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
                    btnAccept.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
                }
                else
                {
                    lblAgent.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
                    txtAcceptedBy.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
                    btnAccept.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                lblSelectedNotes.Content = "";
                lblSelectedNotes.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
                lblAgent.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
                txtAcceptedBy.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
                btnAccept.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
            } 
        }

private void btnAccept_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (lstUsers.SelectedIndex >= 0) 
             { 
                 User u = (User)lstUsers.Items[lstUsers.SelectedIndex]; 
                 Guid id = u.WorkflowID.Value;
                 UserDataDataContext dc = new UserDataDataContext(_connectionString); 
                 dc.Refresh(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues, dc.Users);
                 u = dc.Users.SingleOrDefault<User>(x => x.WorkflowID == id); 
                 if (u != null) 
                 { 
                     u.AcceptedBy = txtAcceptedBy.Text; 
                     u.Status = "Assigned"; 
                     dc.SubmitChanges();
                     // Clear the input 
                     txtAcceptedBy.Text = "";
                 }
                 // Update the grid 
                 lstUsers.Items[lstUsers.SelectedIndex] = u;
                 lstUsers.Items.Refresh();
                 WorkflowApplication i = new WorkflowApplication(new UserWF());
                 i.InstanceStore = _instanceStore;
                 i.PersistableIdle = (waiea) => PersistableIdleAction.Unload;
                 i.Load(id);
                 try
                 {
                     i.ResumeBookmark("GetAcceptes", u);
                 }
                 catch (Exception e2)
                 {
                     AddEvent(e2.Message);
                 }
             } 
        }

private void LoadExistingLeads()
        {
            UserDataDataContext dc = new UserDataDataContext(_connectionString);
            dc.Refresh(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues, dc.Users);
            IEnumerable<User> q = dc.Users;
            foreach (User u in q)
            {
                AddNewUser(u);
            }
        }

ایجاد کلاس لاگ

public class DBLog
    {
        public int  DBLogId { get; set; }
        public string? LogLevel { get; set; }
        public string? EventName { get; set; }
        public string? Message { get; set; }
        public string? StackTrace { get; set; }
        public DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }=DateTime.Now;
    }

public class DBLogger:ILogger

    {
        private bool _isDisposed;
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        public DBLogger(ApplicationDbContext dbContext)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
        }


        public void Log<TState>(LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state, Exception? exception, Func<TState, Exception?, string> formatter)
        {
            var dblLogItem = new DBLog()
            {
                EventName = eventId.Name,
                LogLevel = logLevel.ToString(),
                Message = exception?.Message,
                StackTrace=exception?.StackTrace                
            }; 
            _dbContext.DBLogs.Add(dblLogItem);
            _dbContext.SaveChanges();
        }

        public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
        {
            return true;
        }

        public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }

public class DbLoggerProvider:ILoggerProvider
    {
        private bool _isDisposed;
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        public DbLoggerProvider(ApplicationDbContext dbContext)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
        }

        public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
        {
            return new D‌BLogger(_dbContext);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
        }
    }  
 

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
        {
            .
            .
            .
            #region CustomLogProvider
            var serviceProvider = app.ApplicationServices.CreateScope().ServiceProvider;
            var appDbContext = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ApplicationDbContext>();
            loggerFactory.AddProvider(new DbLoggerProvider(appDbContext));
            #endregion
            .
            .
            .

public class DbLoggerProvider:ILoggerProvider
    {
        private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource = new();
        private readonly IList<DBLog> _currentBatch = new List<DBLog>();
        private readonly TimeSpan _interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2);

        private readonly BlockingCollection<DBLog> _messageQueue = new(new ConcurrentQueue<DBLog>());

        private readonly Task _outputTask;
        private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;
        private bool _isDisposed;

        public DbLoggerProvider(ApplicationDbContext dbContext)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dbContext));
            _outputTask = Task.Run(ProcessLogQueue);
        }
        public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
        {
            return new DBLogger(this,categoryName);
        }
        private async Task ProcessLogQueue()
        {
            while (!_cancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                while (_messageQueue.TryTake(out var message))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        _currentBatch.Add(message);
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        //cancellation token canceled or CompleteAdding called
                    }
                }

                await SaveLogItemsAsync(_currentBatch, _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
                _currentBatch.Clear();

                await Task.Delay(_interval, _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
            }
        }
        internal void AddLogItem(DBLog appLogItem)
        {
            if (!_messageQueue.IsAddingCompleted)
            {
                _messageQueue.Add(appLogItem, _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
            }
        }
        private async Task SaveLogItemsAsync(IList<DBLog> items, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            try
            {
                if (!items.Any())
                {
                    return;
                }

                // We need a separate context for the logger to call its SaveChanges several times,
                // without using the current request's context and changing its internal state.
                foreach (var item in items)
                {
                    var addedEntry = _dbContext.DbLogs.Add(item);
                }

                await _dbContext.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);

            }
            catch
            {
                // don't throw exceptions from logger
            }
        }

        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA1031:catch a more specific allowed exception type, or rethrow the exception",
            Justification = "don't throw exceptions from logger")]
        private void Stop()
        {
            _cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
            _messageQueue.CompleteAdding();

            try
            {
                _outputTask.Wait(_interval);
            }
            catch
            {
                // don't throw exceptions from logger
            }
        }
        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (!_isDisposed)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (disposing)
                    {
                        Stop();
                        _messageQueue.Dispose();
                        _cancellationTokenSource.Dispose();
                        _dbContext.Dispose();
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    _isDisposed = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }  
 

public class DBLogger:ILogger
    {
        private readonly LogLevel _minLevel;
        private readonly DbLoggerProvider _loggerProvider;
        private readonly string _categoryName;

        public DBLogger(
            DbLoggerProvider loggerProvider,
            string categoryName
        )
        {
            _loggerProvider= loggerProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(loggerProvider));
            _categoryName= categoryName;
        }

        public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
        {
            return new NoopDisposable();
        }

        public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
        {
            return logLevel >= _minLevel;
        }

        public void Log<TState>(
            LogLevel logLevel,
            EventId eventId,
            TState state,
            Exception exception,
            Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
        {
            if (!IsEnabled(logLevel))
            {
                return;
            }

            if (formatter == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(formatter));
            }

            var message = formatter(state, exception);

            if (exception != null)
            {
                message = $"{message}{Environment.NewLine}{exception}";
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
            {
                return;
            }

            var dblLogItem = new DBLog()
            {
                EventName = eventId.Name,
                LogLevel = logLevel.ToString(),
                Message = $"{_categoryName}{Environment.NewLine}{message}",
                StackTrace=exception?.StackTrace
            };
            _loggerProvider.AddLogItem(dblLogItem);
        }

      

        private class NoopDisposable : IDisposable
        {
            public void Dispose()
            {
                Dispose(true);
                GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
            }

            protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
            {
            }
        }
    }  
 

public abstract class BaseViewModel
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

public class HomeViewModel : BaseViewModel
{
   public int Data1 { set; get;}
   // ...
}

@model BaseViewModel
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
        <title>Test</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <header>
            Hello @Model.Name
        </header>
        <div>
            @this.RenderBody()
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

public class Source
{
    public string Value1 { get; set; }
    public string Value2 { get; set; }
    public string Value3 { get; set; }
}

public class Destination
{
    public int Value1 { get; set; }
    public DateTime Value2 { get; set; }
    public Type Value3 { get; set; }
}

public class BooltoStringTypeConvertor : ITypeConverter<bool, string>
    {
        public string Convert(ResolutionContext context)
        {
            return (bool)context.SourceValue ? "Yes" : "No";
        }
    }

Mapper.CreateMap<bool,string>().ConvertUsing<BooltoStringTypeConvertor>();
            Mapper.CreateMap<Product, ProductDto>();
            Mapper.AssertConfigurationIsValid();

var product = new Product { Id = 1,Name ="PC" ,InStock = true };
var productDto = Mapper.Map<Product, ProductDto>(product);

public class Person
{
    public int Id { get; set; }

    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

public class PersonDTO
{
    public int Id { get; set; }

    public string RawData { get; set; }
}

public class CommaDelimetedResolver:ValueResolver<Person,string>
    {
        protected override string ResolveCore(Person source)
        {
            return string.Join(",", source.Id, source.FirstName, source.LastName);
        }
    }

Mapper.CreateMap<Person, PersonDTO>().ForMember(
                des => des.RawData, op => op.ResolveUsing<CommaDelimetedResolver>());


var person = new Person
{
Id = 1,
FirstName = "Mohammad",
LastName = "Saheb",
};

var personDTO = Mapper.Map<Person, PersonDTO>(person);

public class ShamsiFormatter:IValueFormatter
    {
        public string FormatValue(ResolutionContext context)
        {
            return ToShamsi(context.SourceValue.ToString());
        }
    }

Mapper.CreateMap<Person, PersonDTO>().ForMember(
            des => des.ShamsiDate, op => op.AddFormatter<ShamsiFormatter>());

public class TravelAgent
{
    public TravelAgent()
    {
        this.Bookings = new HashSet<Booking>();
    }

    public int AgentId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Booking> Bookings { get; set; }
}

public class Booking
{
    public int BookingId { get; set; }
    public int AgentId { get; set; }
    public string Customer { get; set; }
    public DateTime BookingDate { get; set; }
    public bool Paid { get; set; }
    public virtual TravelAgent TravelAgent { get; set; }
}

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="Recipe3ConnectionString"
    connectionString="Data Source=.;
    Initial Catalog=EFRecipes;
    Integrated Security=True;
    MultipleActiveResultSets=True"
    providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

protected void Application_Start()
{
    // Disable Entity Framework Model Compatibilty
    Database.SetInitializer<Recipe1Context>(null);

    // The bidirectional navigation properties between related entities
    // create a self-referencing loop that breaks Web API's effort to
    // serialize the objects as JSON. By default, Json.NET is configured
    // to error when a reference loop is detected. To resolve problem,
    // simply configure JSON serializer to ignore self-referencing loops.
    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter
        .SerializerSettings.ReferenceLoopHandling =
        Newtonsoft.Json.ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore;
    ...
}

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
    config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
      name: "ActionMethodSave",
      routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
      defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional });
}

internal class Program
{
    private HttpClient _client;
    private TravelAgent _agent1, _agent2;
    private Booking _booking1, _booking2, _booking3;
    private HttpResponseMessage _response;

    private static void Main()
    {
        Task t = Run();
        t.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine("\nPress <enter> to continue...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static async Task Run()
    {
        var program = new Program();
        program.ServiceSetup();
        // do not proceed until clean-up is completed
        await program.CleanupAsync();
        program.CreateFirstAgent();
        // do not proceed until agent is created
        await program.AddAgentAsync();
        program.CreateSecondAgent();
        // do not proceed until agent is created
        await program.AddSecondAgentAsync();
        program.ModifyAgent();
        // do not proceed until agent is updated
        await program.UpdateAgentAsync();
        // do not proceed until agents are fetched
        await program.FetchAgentsAsync();
    }

    private void ServiceSetup()
    {
        // set up infrastructure for Web API call
        _client = new HttpClient {BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:6687/")};
        // add Accept Header to request Web API content negotiation to return resource in JSON format
        _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
    }

    private async Task CleanupAsync()
    {
        // call cleanup method in service
        _response = await _client.DeleteAsync("api/travelagent/cleanup/");
    }

    private void CreateFirstAgent()
    {
        // create new Travel Agent and booking
        _agent1 = new TravelAgent {Name = "John Tate"};
        _booking1 = new Booking
        {
            Customer = "Karen Stevens",
            Paid = false,
            BookingDate = DateTime.Parse("2/2/2010")
        };

        _booking2 = new Booking
        {
            Customer = "Dolly Parton",
            Paid = true,
            BookingDate = DateTime.Parse("3/10/2010")
        };
  
        _agent1.Bookings.Add(_booking1);
        _agent1.Bookings.Add(_booking2);
    }

    private async Task AddAgentAsync()
    {
        // call generic update method in Web API service to add agent and bookings
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/travelagent/update/",
            _agent1, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());

        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service, which will include
            // database-generated Ids for each entity
            _agent1 = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<TravelAgent>();
            _booking1 = _agent1.Bookings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Customer == "Karen Stevens");
            _booking2 = _agent1.Bookings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Customer == "Dolly Parton");

            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Travel Agent {0} and {1} Booking(s)",
            _agent1.Name, _agent1.Bookings.Count);
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private void CreateSecondAgent()
    {
        // add new agent and booking
        _agent2 = new TravelAgent {Name = "Perry Como"};
        _booking3 = new Booking {
            Customer = "Loretta Lynn",
            Paid = true,
            BookingDate = DateTime.Parse("3/15/2010")};
        _agent2.Bookings.Add(_booking3);
    }

    private async Task AddSecondAgentAsync()
    {
        // call generic update method in Web API service to add agent and booking
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/travelagent/update/", _agent2, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());

        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service
            _agent2 = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<TravelAgent>();
            _booking3 = _agent2.Bookings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Customer == "Loretta Lynn");
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully created Travel Agent {0} and {1} Booking(s)",
                _agent2.Name, _agent2.Bookings.Count);
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private void ModifyAgent()
    {
        // modify agent 2 by changing agent name and assigning booking 1 to him from agent 1
        _agent2.Name = "Perry Como, Jr.";
        _agent2.Bookings.Add(_booking1);
    }

    private async Task UpdateAgentAsync()
    {
        // call generic update method in Web API service to update agent 2
        _response = await _client.PostAsync("api/travelagent/update/", _agent2, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service, which will include Ids
            _agent1 = _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<TravelAgent>().Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Successfully updated Travel Agent {0} and {1} Booking(s)", _agent1.Name, _agent1.Bookings.Count);
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }

    private async Task FetchAgentsAsync()
    {
        // call Get method on service to fetch all Travel Agents and Bookings
        _response = _client.GetAsync("api/travelagent/retrieve").Result;
        if (_response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
        {
            // capture newly created travel agent from service, which will include Ids
            var agents = await _response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<TravelAgent>>();

            foreach (var agent in agents)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Travel Agent {0} has {1} Booking(s)", agent.Name, agent.Bookings.Count());
            }
        }
        else
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ({1})", (int) _response.StatusCode, _response.ReasonPhrase);
    }
}

using System.IO;
using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Html;

namespace Sample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Html Helper Extensions
    /// </summary>
    public static class HtmlHelperExtensions
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Convert IHtmlContent/TagBuilder to string
        /// </summary>
        public static string GetString(this IHtmlContent content)
        {
            using (var writer = new StringWriter())
            {
                content.WriteTo(writer, HtmlEncoder.Default);
                return writer.ToString();
            }
        }
    }
}

[Route("[controller]")]
public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
{
    private static readonly string[] Summaries =
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy",
        "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching",
    };

    // /WeatherForecast/GetForecast2?from=1&to=3
    [HttpGet("[action]")]
    public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast2(Duration days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }
}

public class Duration
{
    public int From { get; set; }
    public int To { get; set; }
}

public class WeatherForecast
{
    public DateOnly Date { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

    public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);

    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

// /WeatherForecast/GetForecast3/1-3
[HttpGet("[action]/{days}")]
public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> GetForecast3(Days days)
    {
        return Enumerable.Range(days.From, days.To)
                         .Select(index => new WeatherForecast
                                          {
                                              Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                                              TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                                              Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)],
                                          })
                         .ToArray();
    }

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;

namespace NET7Mvc.Models;

public class Days : IParsable<Days>
{
    public Days(int from, int to)
    {
        From = from;
        To = to;
    }

    public int From { get; }
    public int To { get; }

    public static bool TryParse([NotNullWhen(true)] string? value,
                                IFormatProvider? provider,
                                [MaybeNullWhen(false)] out Days result)
    {
        var items = value?.Split('-', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        if (items is { Length: 2 })
        {
            if (int.TryParse(items[0], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var from)
                && int.TryParse(items[1], NumberStyles.None, provider, out var to))
            {
                result = new Days(from, to);
                return true;
            }
        }

        result = default;
        return false;
    }

    public static Days Parse(string value, IFormatProvider? provider)
    {
        if (!TryParse(value, provider, out var result))
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Could not parse the given value.", nameof(value));
        }

        return result;
    }
}

The Find method on DbSet uses the primary key value to attempt to find an entity tracked by the context.
If the entity is not found in the context then a query will be sent to the database to find the entity there.
Null is returned if the entity is not found in the context or in the database.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;

namespace EF_General.Models.Ex21
{
    public abstract class BaseEntity
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
    }

    public class Factor : BaseEntity
    {
        public int TotalPrice { set; get; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Factor> Factors { get; set; }

        public MyContext() { }
        public MyContext(bool withTracking)
        {
            if (withTracking)
                return;

            this.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
            this.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false;
            this.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;
        }

        public void CustomUpdate<T>(T entity) where T : BaseEntity
        {
            if (entity == null)
                throw new ArgumentException("Cannot add a null entity.");


            var entry = this.Entry<T>(entity);
            if (entry.State != EntityState.Detached)
                return;

            /*var set = this.Set<T>(); // این‌ها اضافی است
            //متد فایند اگر اینجا باشه حتما به بانک اطلاعاتی رجوع می‌کنه در حالت منقطع از زمینه و در یک حلقه به روز رسانی کارآیی مطلوبی نخواهد داشت
            T attachedEntity = set.Find(entity.Id);
            if (attachedEntity != null)
            {
                var attachedEntry = this.Entry(attachedEntity);
                attachedEntry.CurrentValues.SetValues(entity);
            }
            else
            {*/
            entry.State = EntityState.Modified;
            //}
        }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {
            if (!context.Factors.Any())
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
                {
                    context.Factors.Add(new Factor { TotalPrice = i });
                }
            }
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public class Performance
    {
        public TimeSpan ListDisabledTracking { set; get; }
        public TimeSpan ListNormal { set; get; }
        public TimeSpan DetachedEntityDisabledTracking { set; get; }
        public TimeSpan DetachedEntityNormal { set; get; }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            startDb();

            var results = new List<Performance>();
            var runs = 20;
            for (int i = 0; i < runs; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\nRun {0}", i + 1);

                var tsListDisabledTracking = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => updateListTotalPriceDisabledTracking());
                var tsListNormal = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => updateListTotalPriceNormal());
                var tsDetachedEntityDisabledTracking = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => updateDetachedEntityTotalPriceDisabledTracking());
                var tsDetachedEntityNormal = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => updateDetachedEntityTotalPriceNormal());
                results.Add(new Performance
                {
                    ListDisabledTracking = tsListDisabledTracking,
                    ListNormal = tsListNormal,
                    DetachedEntityDisabledTracking = tsDetachedEntityDisabledTracking,
                    DetachedEntityNormal = tsDetachedEntityNormal
                });
            }

            var detachedEntityDisabledTrackingAvg = results.Average(x => x.DetachedEntityDisabledTracking.TotalMilliseconds);
            Console.WriteLine("detachedEntityDisabledTrackingAvg: {0} ms.", detachedEntityDisabledTrackingAvg);

            var detachedEntityNormalAvg = results.Average(x => x.DetachedEntityNormal.TotalMilliseconds);
            Console.WriteLine("detachedEntityNormalAvg: {0} ms.", detachedEntityNormalAvg);

            var listDisabledTrackingAvg = results.Average(x => x.ListDisabledTracking.TotalMilliseconds);
            Console.WriteLine("listDisabledTrackingAvg: {0} ms.", listDisabledTrackingAvg);

            var listNormalAvg = results.Average(x => x.ListNormal.TotalMilliseconds);
            Console.WriteLine("listNormalAvg: {0} ms.", listNormalAvg);
        }

        private static void updateDetachedEntityTotalPriceNormal()
        {
            using (var context = new MyContext(withTracking: true))
            {
                var detachedEntity = new Factor { Id = 1, TotalPrice = 10 };

                var attachedEntity = context.Factors.Find(detachedEntity.Id);
                if (attachedEntity != null)
                {
                    attachedEntity.TotalPrice = 100;

                    context.SaveChanges();
                }
            }
        }

        private static void updateDetachedEntityTotalPriceDisabledTracking()
        {
            using (var context = new MyContext(withTracking: false))
            {
                var detachedEntity = new Factor { Id = 2, TotalPrice = 10 };
                detachedEntity.TotalPrice = 200;

                context.CustomUpdate(detachedEntity); // custom update with change tracking disabled.
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
        }

        private static void updateListTotalPriceNormal()
        {
            using (var context = new MyContext(withTracking: true))
            {
                foreach (var item in context.Factors)
                {
                    item.TotalPrice += 10; // normal update with change tracking enabled.
                }
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
        }

        private static void updateListTotalPriceDisabledTracking()
        {
            using (var context = new MyContext(withTracking: false))
            {
                foreach (var item in context.Factors)
                {
                    item.TotalPrice += 10;
                    //نیازی به این دو سطر نیست
                    //context.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();  // هربار باید محاسبه صورت گیرد در غیراینصورت وضعیت تغییر نیافته گزارش می‌شود
                    //context.CustomUpdate(item); // custom update with change tracking disabled.
                }
                context.ChangeTracker.DetectChanges();  // در غیراینصورت وضعیت تغییر نیافته گزارش می‌شود
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
        }

        private static void startDb()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());
            // Forces initialization of database on model changes.
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                context.Database.Initialize(force: true);
            }
        }
    }

    public class PerformanceHelper
    {
        public static TimeSpan RunActionMeasurePerformance(Action action)
        {
            var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
            stopwatch.Start();

            action();

            stopwatch.Stop();
            return stopwatch.Elapsed;
        }
    }
}

 detachedEntityDisabledTrackingAvg: 22.32089 ms.
detachedEntityNormalAvg: 54.546815 ms.
listDisabledTrackingAvg: 413.615445 ms.
listNormalAvg: 393.194625 ms.