public class CaptchaController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult CaptchaImage(string prefix, bool noisy = true)
        {
            var rand = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks);
            //generate new question
            int a = rand.Next(10, 99);
            int b = rand.Next(0, 9);
            var captcha = string.Format("{0} + {1} = ?", a, b);

            //store answer
            Session["Captcha" + prefix] = a + b;

            //image stream
            FileContentResult img = null;

            using (var mem = new MemoryStream())
            using (var bmp = new Bitmap(130, 30))
            using (var gfx = Graphics.FromImage((Image)bmp))
            {
                gfx.TextRenderingHint = TextRenderingHint.ClearTypeGridFit;
                gfx.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
                gfx.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, new Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height));

                //add noise
                if (noisy)
                {
                    int i, r, x, y;
                    var pen = new Pen(Color.Yellow);
                    for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
                    {
                        pen.Color = Color.FromArgb(
                        (rand.Next(0, 255)),
                        (rand.Next(0, 255)),
                        (rand.Next(0, 255)));

                        r = rand.Next(0, (130 / 3));
                        x = rand.Next(0, 130);
                        y = rand.Next(0, 30);

                        gfx.DrawEllipse(pen, x - r, y - r, r, r);
                    }
                }

                //add question
                gfx.DrawString(captcha, new Font("Tahoma", 15), Brushes.Gray, 2, 3);

                //render as Jpeg
                bmp.Save(mem, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
                img = this.File(mem.GetBuffer(), "image/Jpeg");
            }

            return img;
        }

[Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا {0} را وارد کنید")]
         [Display(Name = "حاصل جمع")]
         public string Captcha { get; set; }

<div class="form-group">
                        <input type="button" value="" id="refresh" />

                        @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Captcha)

                        <img alt="Captcha" id="imgcpatcha" src="@Url.Action("CaptchaImage","Captcha")" style="" />
                    </div>

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $('#refresh').click(function () {


            $.ajax({
                url: '@Url.Action("CaptchaImage","Captcha")',
                type: "GET",
                data: null
            })
            .done(function (functionResult) {
                $("#imgcpatcha").attr("src", "/Captcha/CaptchaImage?" + functionResult);
            });

        });
    });
</script>

if (Session["Captcha"] == null || Session["Captcha"].ToString() != model.Captcha)
            {
                ModelState.AddModelError("Captcha", "مجموع اشتباه است");
            }

  $('#refresh').click(function () {
         
            var d = new Date();
            $("#imgcpatcha").attr("src", "Captcha/CaptchaImage?" + d.getTime());

        });

protected override void Seed(SeedingDataFromCSV.Domain.LocationContext context)
{
    Assembly assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
    string resourceName = "SeedingDataFromCSV.Domain.SeedData.countries.csv";
    using (Stream stream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName))
    {
        using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
        {
            CsvReader csvReader = new CsvReader(reader);
            csvReader.Configuration.WillThrowOnMissingField = false;
            var countries = csvReader.GetRecords<Country>().ToArray();
            context.Countries.AddOrUpdate(c => c.Code, countries);
        }
    }

    resourceName = "SeedingDataFromCSV.Domain.SeedData.provincestates.csv";
    using (Stream stream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName))
    {
        using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
        {
            CsvReader csvReader = new CsvReader(reader);
            csvReader.Configuration.WillThrowOnMissingField = false;
            while (csvReader.Read())
            {
                var provinceState = csvReader.GetRecord<ProvinceState>();
                var countryCode = csvReader.GetField<string>("CountryCode");
                provinceState.Country = context.Countries.Local.Single(c => c.Code == countryCode);
                context.ProvinceStates.AddOrUpdate(p => p.Code, provinceState);
            }
        }
    }
}

Install-Package PagedList.Mvc

 public class Post
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Body { get; set; }

    }

public static class PostService
    {
        public static IEnumerable<Post> posts = new List<Post>() {
            new Post{Id=1,Title="Title 1",Body="Body 1"},
            new Post{Id=2,Title="Title 2",Body="Body 2"},
            new Post{Id=3,Title="Title 3",Body="Body 3"},
            new Post{Id=4,Title="Title 4",Body="Body 4"},
            new Post{Id=5,Title="Title 5",Body="Body 5"},
            new Post{Id=6,Title="Title 6",Body="Body 6"},
            new Post{Id=7,Title="Title 7",Body="Body 7"},
            new Post{Id=8,Title="Title 8",Body="Body 8"},
            new Post{Id=9,Title="Title 9",Body="Body 9"},
            new Post{Id=10,Title="Title 10",Body="Body 10"},
            new Post{Id=11,Title="Title 11",Body="Body 11"},
            new Post{Id=12,Title="Title 12",Body="Body 12"},
            };
    
        public static IEnumerable<Post> GetAll()
        {
            return posts
            .OrderBy(row => row.Id);
        }
    }  

    public ActionResult Index(int? page)
        {
           var pageNumber = page ?? 1; 
            var posts = PostService.GetAll(); 
            var result = posts.ToPagedList(pageNumber, 10); 
            ViewBag.posts = result;
            return View();        
        }

@using PagedList.Mvc; 
@using PagedList; 
<link href="/Content/PagedList.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<h2>List of posts</h2>
<ul>
    @foreach (var post in ViewBag.posts)
    {
        <li>@post.Title</li>
    }
</ul>
@Html.PagedListPager((IPagedList)ViewBag.posts, page => Url.Action("Index", new { page }))

       public static IEnumerable<Post> GetAll(int page, int recordsPerPage,out int totalCount)
        {
            totalCount = posts.Count();
            return posts
            .OrderBy(row => row.Id).Skip(page * recordsPerPage).Take(recordsPerPage); // in real projects change like this .skip(()=>resultforSkip).Take(()=>recordsPerPage )
        }

public ActionResult Index(int? page)
        {
              var pageIndex = (page ?? 1) - 1; 
            var pageSize = 10;
            int totalPostCount; 
            var posts = PostService.GetAll(pageIndex, pageSize, out totalPostCount);
            var result = new StaticPagedList<Post>(posts, pageIndex + 1, pageSize, totalPostCount);
            ViewBag.posts = result;
            return View();    
        }

http://localhost:53192/?page=2

   routes.MapRoute(
               name: "paging",
               url: "{controller}/{action}/{page}",
               defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", page = UrlParameter.Optional }
           );

@model PagedList.IPagedList <pagedListmvc.Models.Post>

  @foreach (var post in Model)
    {
        <li>@post.Title</li>
    }

@Html.PagedListPager( myList, page => Url.Action("Index", new { page = page, tag= "mvc" }) )

@Html.PagedListPager((IPagedList)ViewBag.posts, page => Url.Action("Index", new { page = page }), PagedListRenderOptions.OnlyShowFivePagesAtATime)

@Html.PagedListPager((IPagedList)ViewBag.posts, page => Url.Action("Index", new { page = page }), new PagedListRenderOptions { LinkToFirstPageFormat = "<< ابتدا", LinkToPreviousPageFormat = "< قبلی", LinkToNextPageFormat = "بعدی>", LinkToLastPageFormat = "آخرین >>" })

public class ContactVM
    {
        [Display(Name = "نام")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا {0} را وارد کنید")]
        public string Name { get; set; }

              [EmailAddress(ErrorMessage = "آدرس ایمیل صحیح نیست")]
        [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)]
        [Display(Name = "آدرس ایمیل")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا {0} را وارد کنید")]
        public string EmailAddress { get; set; }

        [Display(Name = "متن پیام")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "حرفی برای گفتن ندارید؟")]
        public string Description { get; set; }

        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا {0} را وارد کنید")]
        [Display(Name = "حاصل جمع")]
        public string Captcha { get; set; }
    }

    public class SubscriberVM
    {   
        /*[RegularExpression("^[a-zA-Z0-9_\\.-]+@([a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,6}$", ErrorMessage = "آدرس ایمیل صحیح نیست")]*/
          [EmailAddress(ErrorMessage = "آدرس ایمیل صحیح نیست")] /*.Net4.5*/
        [Display(Name = "ایمیل")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "لطفا {0} را وارد کنید")]
        public string Email { get; set; }

        [Display(Name = "وضعیت")]
        public bool IsActive { get; set; }    
    }

        <div class="row footerclass">
            <div class="col-md--6">
                @Html.Action("Subscribers", "Home")
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6">
                @Html.Action("Contact", "Home")
            </div>

        </div>

public ActionResult Contact()
        {
            return PartialView("_Contact", model);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]

        public ActionResult Contact(ContactVM model)
        {
              if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
//Do Something                    
                }
            return PartialView("_Contact", model);
        }

        public ActionResult Subscribers()
        {
            return PartialView("_Subscribers");
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult Subscribers(SubscriberVM model)
        {
                if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
//Do Something
                }
            }
            return PartialView("_Subscribers",model);
        }

@model IrsaShop.Models.ViewModel.ContactVM


<span></span><span>تماس با ما</span>
<hr />

@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
    <div>
        @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Name, new { @class = "form-control", @id = "name", @name = "name", placeholder = "نام" })
        @Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Name)
    </div>
    <div>
        @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.EmailAddress, new { @class = "form-control", @id = "email", @name = "email", placeholder = "ایمیل", @style = "direction: ltr" })
        @Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.EmailAddress)
    </div>
    <div>
        @Html.TextAreaFor(model => model.Description, new { @class = "form-control", @id = "message", @name = "message", placeholder = "پیام", @style = "max-width: 100%;height: 90px;" })
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="button" value="" id="refresh" />
        <img alt="Captcha" id="imgcpatcha" src="@Url.Action("CaptchaImage","Captcha")" />
    </div>
    <div>
        @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Captcha, new { @class = "form-control", placeholder = "حاصل جمع؟" })
        @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Captcha)

    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="ارسال" name="submitValue" />
    </div>
}

@model IrsaShop.Models.SubscriberVM

<span></span><span>خبرنامه</span>
<hr/>

@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
@Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
    <div>

        <div>
            @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Email, new { @class = "form-control right-buffer top-buffer pull-right", @id = "email", @name = "email", placeholder = "ایمیل", @style = "direction: ltr;width: 50%", @required = "required" })
       @*     <button type="submit" name="submitValue">ثبت ایمیل</button>*@
            <input type="submit" value="ثبت ایمیل" name="submitValue" />
        </div>
        
    </div>
   @Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Email,"",new { @class = "right-buffer pull-right"})
   
}

        [HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]

        public ActionResult Contact(ContactVM model, , string submitValue)
        {
   if (submitValue == "ارسال") 
                {
                 if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
//Do Something                    
                }
}   else
                {
                         ModelState.Clear();
                }        
            return PartialView("_Subscribers", model);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Subscribers(SubscriberVM model, string submitValue)
        {
             if (submitValue == "ثبت ایمیل") 
            {
if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
//Do Something
                }
}
            else
            {
                ModelState.Clear();
            }
            return PartialView("_Subscribers");
        }

[HttpPost]
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult Subscribers(SubscriberVM model, string submitValue)
        {
            if (submitValue == "ثبت ایمیل")
            {                
                if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
                    Subscriber mail = new Subscriber() { Email = model.EmailSubscriber, IsActive = true };
                    context.Subscribers.Add(mail);
                    context.SaveChanges();
                    ViewBag.info = "ایمیل شما با موفقیت ثبت شد.";
                    ViewBag.color = "alert-success";
                    ModelState.Clear();
                }
            }
            else
            {
                ModelState.Clear();
            }
            
            return PartialView("_Subscribers ");
        }

@if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(ViewBag.info))
{
    <div id="info" style="position: fixed; bottom: 0; right: 0; margin-right: 1%;">

        <div class="alert @ViewBag.color alert-dismissable">
            <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-hidden="true">&times;</button>
            <strong> @ViewBag.info</strong>
        </div>

    </div>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $("#info").fadeOut(15000);
        });
    </script>
}

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;


[MemoryDiagnoser(displayGenColumns: false)]
public partial class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args) =>
    BenchmarkSwitcher.FromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly).Run(args);

  [Params (10, 10000)]
  public int Size { get; set; }
  private IEnumerable<int> items;

  [GlobalSetup]
  public void Setup()
  {
    items = Enumerable.Range(1, Size).ToArray();
  }  

  [Benchmark]
  public int Min() => items.Min();

  [Benchmark]
  public int Max() => items.Max();

  [Benchmark]
  public double Average() => items.Average();

  [Benchmark]
  public int Sum() => items.Sum();
}

public static int Min(this IEnumerable<int> source)
{
  if (source == null)
  {
    ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.source);
  }

  int value;
  using (IEnumerator<int> e = source.GetEnumerator())
  {
    if (!e.MoveNext())
    {
      ThrowHelper.ThrowNoElementsException();
    }

    value = e.Current;
    while (e.MoveNext())
    {
      int x = e.Current;
      if (x < value)
      {
        value = x;
      }
    }
  }
  return value;
}

public static int Min(this IEnumerable<int> source) => MinInteger(source);

private static T MinInteger<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
  where T : struct, IBinaryInteger<T>
{
  T value;

  if (source.TryGetSpan(out ReadOnlySpan<T> span))
  {
    if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && 
        span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)
    {
      .... // Optimized implementation
      return ....;
    }
  }
  .... //Implementation as in .NET 6
}

if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)

private static T MinInteger<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
where T : struct, IBinaryInteger<T>
{
  .... 
  if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated && span.Length >= Vector<T>.Count * 2)
  {
    var mins = new Vector<T>(span);
    index = Vector<T>.Count;
    do
    {
      mins = Vector.Min(mins, new Vector<T>(span.Slice(index)));
      index += Vector<T>.Count;
    }
    while (index + Vector<T>.Count <= span.Length);

    value = mins[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < Vector<T>.Count; i++)
    {  
      if (mins[i] < value)
      {
        value = mins[i];
      }
    }
  ....
}