using System;
using NHibernate.Validator.Constraints;

namespace FormulaTests.Domain
{
   public class User
   {
       public virtual int Id { get; set; }

       [NotNull]
       public virtual DateTime JoinDate { set; get; }

       [NotNullNotEmpty]
       [Length(450)]
       public virtual string FirstName { get; set; }

       [NotNullNotEmpty]
       [Length(450)]
       public virtual string LastName { get; set; }

       [Length(900)]
       public virtual string FullName { get; private set; } //از طریق تعریف فرمول مقدار دهی می‌گردد

       public virtual int DayOfWeek { get; private set; }//از طریق تعریف فرمول مقدار دهی می‌گردد
   }
}

using FluentNHibernate.Automapping;
using FluentNHibernate.Automapping.Alterations;

namespace FormulaTests.Domain
{
   public class UserCustomMappings : IAutoMappingOverride<User>
   {
       public void Override(AutoMapping<User> mapping)
       {
           mapping.Id(u => u.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); //ضروری است 
           mapping.Map(x => x.DayOfWeek).Formula("DATEPART(dw, JoinDate) - 1");
           mapping.Map(x => x.FullName).Formula("FirstName + ' ' + LastName");
       }
   }
}

    create table Users (
       UserId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL,
      JoinDate DATETIME not null,
      FirstName NVARCHAR(450) not null,
      LastName NVARCHAR(450) not null,
      primary key (UserId)
   )

<hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"
 default-access="property" auto-import="true" default-cascade="none" default-lazy="true">
 <class xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" mutable="true"
 name="FormulaTests.Domain.User, FormulaTests, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" table="Users">
   <id name="Id" type="System.Int32" unsaved-value="0">
     <column name="UserId" />
     <generator class="identity" />
   </id>
   <property name="DayOfWeek" formula="DATEPART(dw, JoinDate) - 1" type="System.Int32" />
   <property name="FullName" formula="FirstName + ' ' + LastName" type="System.String" />
   <property name="JoinDate" type="System.DateTime">
     <column name="JoinDate" />
   </property>
   <property name="FirstName" type="System.String">
     <column name="FirstName" />
   </property>
   <property name="LastName" type="System.String">
     <column name="LastName" />
   </property>
 </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

var list = session.Query<User>.ToList();
foreach (var item in list)
{
   Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", item.FullName, item.DayOfWeek);
}

select
       user0_.UserId as UserId0_,
       user0_.JoinDate as JoinDate0_,
       user0_.FirstName as FirstName0_,
       user0_.LastName as LastName0_,
       DATEPART(user0_.dw, user0_.JoinDate) - 1 as formula0_, --- همان فرمول تعریف شده است
       user0_.FirstName + ' ' + user0_.LastName as formula1_ ---از طریق فرمول تعریف شده حاصل گردیده است
   from
       Users user0_

private sealed class ExtraPropertyCustomTypeDescriptor : CustomTypeDescriptor
{
    private readonly IEnumerable<ExtraPropertyDescriptor<T>> _instanceExtraProperties;

    public ExtraPropertyCustomTypeDescriptor(ICustomTypeDescriptor defaultDescriptor, object instance)
        : base(defaultDescriptor)
    {
        _instanceExtraProperties = instance.ExtraPropertyList<T>();
    }

    public override PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties(Attribute[] attributes)
    {
        var properties = new PropertyDescriptorCollection(null);

        foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in base.GetProperties(attributes))
        {
            properties.Add(property);
        }

        foreach (var property in _instanceExtraProperties)
        {
            properties.Add(property);
        }

        return properties;
    }

    public override PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties()
    {
        return GetProperties(null);
    }
}

public static class ExtraProperties
{
    //...

    public static IEnumerable<ExtraPropertyDescriptor<T>> ExtraPropertyList<T>(this object instance) where T : class
    {
        if (!PropertyCache.TryGetValue(instance, out var properties))
            throw new KeyNotFoundException($"key: {instance.GetType().Name} was not found in dictionary");

        return properties.Select(p =>
            new ExtraPropertyDescriptor<T>(p.PropertyName, p.PropertyValueFunc, p.SetPropertyValueFunc,
                p.PropertyType,
                p.Attributes));
    }
}

public sealed class ExtraPropertyDescriptor<T> : PropertyDescriptor where T : class
{
    private readonly Func<object, object> _propertyValueFunc;
    private readonly Action<object, object> _setPropertyValueFunc;
    private readonly Type _propertyType;

    public ExtraPropertyDescriptor(
        string propertyName,
        Func<object, object> propertyValueFunc,
        Action<object, object> setPropertyValueFunc,
        Type propertyType,
        Attribute[] attributes) : base(propertyName, attributes)
    {
        _propertyValueFunc = propertyValueFunc;
        _setPropertyValueFunc = setPropertyValueFunc;
        _propertyType = propertyType;
    }

    public override void ResetValue(object component)
    {
    }

    public override bool CanResetValue(object component) => true;

    public override object GetValue(object component) => _propertyValueFunc(component);

    public override void SetValue(object component, object value) => _setPropertyValueFunc(component, value);

    public override bool ShouldSerializeValue(object component) => true;
    public override Type ComponentType => typeof(T);
    public override bool IsReadOnly => _setPropertyValueFunc == null;
    public override Type PropertyType => _propertyType;
}

[TypeDescriptionProvider(typeof(ExtraPropertyTypeDescriptionProvider<Person>))]
private class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Family { get; set; }
}

[Test]
public void Should_TypeDescriptor_GetProperties_Returns_ExtraProperties_And_PredefinedProperties()
{
    //Arrange
    var rabbal = new Person {Name = "GholamReza", Family = "Rabbal"};
    const string propertyName = "Title";
    const string propertyValue = "Software Engineer";

    //Act
    rabbal.ExtraProperty(propertyName, propertyValue);
    var title = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(rabbal).Find(propertyName, true);

    //Assert
    rabbal.ExtraProperty<string>(propertyName).ShouldBe(propertyValue);
    title.ShouldNotBeNull();
    title.GetValue(rabbal).ShouldBe(propertyValue);
}

public class SearchDTO
{
    public string TableName { get; set; }
    public string ColumnName { get; set; }
    public string searchPhrase { get; set; } = string.Empty;
    public DateTimeOffset? searchDateFrom { get; set; }
    public DateTimeOffset? searchDateTo { get; set; }
    public int Include { get; set; } = 1;
}

// Join the tables dynamically based on the table names
for (int i = 1; i < filterList.Count; i++)
{
    var joinEntityType = entityTypes.FirstOrDefault(t => t.ClrType.Name == filterList[0].TableName)?.ClrType;
    if (entityType == null)
    {
        return (null, 0, 0);
    }
    var joinEntityQuery = (IQueryable<object>)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(DbSet<>).MakeGenericType(joinEntityType), _dbContext);
    query = query.Join(joinEntityQuery.ToList(),
                                    x => x.GetType().GetProperty($"{filterList[i - 1].TableName}.{filterList[i - 1].TableName}Id").GetValue(x),
                                    y => y.GetType().GetProperty($"{filterList[i].TableName}.{filterList[i].TableName}Id").GetValue(y),
                                    (x, y) => x);
}

// Apply the conditions dynamically based on the column names and conditions
for (int i = 0; i < filterList.Count; i++)
{
    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filterList[i].searchPhrase))
    {
        var parameter = Expression.Parameter(entityType, "x");
        var condition = Expression.Call(
            typeof(string).GetMethod("Contains", new[] { typeof(string) }),
            Expression.PropertyOrField(parameter, filterList[i].ColumnName),
            Expression.Constant(filterList[i].searchPhrase)
        );
        var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, bool>>(condition, parameter);

        query = query.Where(lambda);
    }
    if (filterList[i].searchDateFrom.HasValue)
    {
       //must write expression for date constraint
    }
}

// Select the specified columns dynamically
ResourceManager resourceManager = new ResourceManager(typeof(TablePropertiesResources));
var columnNames = resourceManager.GetResourceSet(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, true, true)
    .OfType<DictionaryEntry>()
    .Select(entry => entry.Key.ToString())
    .ToList();
var selectColumns = columnNames.ToArray();
var selectedData = query
    .Select(x => new
    {
        // Dynamically select the desired properties
        Result = selectColumns.ToDictionary(column => column, column => x.GetType().GetProperty(column).GetValue(x))
    })
    .ToList();

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication17.Models
{
    public class Employee
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public DateTime AddDate { get; set; }
        public double Salary { get; set; }
        public IList<Project> Projects { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace MvcApplication17.Models
{
    public class Project
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication17.Models
{
    public static class EmployeeDataSource
    {
        public static IList<Employee> CreateEmployees()
        {
            var list = new List<Employee>();
            var rnd = new Random();
            for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++)
            {
                list.Add(new Employee
                    {
                        Id = i + 1000,
                        FirstName = "fName " + i,
                        LastName = "lName " + i,
                        AddDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(-rnd.Next(1, 10)),
                        Salary = rnd.Next(400, 3000),
                        Projects = CreateRandomProjects()
                    });
            }
            return list;
        }

        private static IList<Project> CreateRandomProjects()
        {
            var list = new List<Project>();
            var rnd = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < rnd.Next(1, 7); i++)
            {
                list.Add(new Project
                {
                    Id = i,
                    Name = "Project " + i
                });
            }
            return list;
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication17.Models;

namespace MvcApplication17.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Delete(int? id)
        {
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Index(string sort, string sortdir, int? page = 1)
        {
            var list = EmployeeDataSource.CreateEmployees();
            return View(list);
        }
    }
}

http://localhost:3034/?sort=LastName&sortdir=ASC&page=3

@using System.Globalization
@model IList<MvcApplication17.Models.Employee>
           
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}

@helper WebGridPageFirstItem(WebGrid grid)
{
    @(((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage) - (grid.RowsPerPage - 1));
}

@helper WebGridPageLastItem(WebGrid grid)
{
    if (grid.TotalRowCount < (grid.PageIndex + 1 * grid.RowsPerPage))
    {
      @grid.TotalRowCount;
    }
    else
    {
      @((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage);
    }
}

<h2>Employees List</h2>

@{ 
    var grid = new WebGrid(
        source: Model,
        canPage: true,
        rowsPerPage: 10,
        canSort: true,
        defaultSort: "FirstName"
    );
    var salaryPageSum = 0;
    var taxPageSum = 0;
    var rowIndex = ((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage) - (grid.RowsPerPage - 1);
}

<div id="container">
    @grid.GetHtml(
            tableStyle: "webgrid",
            headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
            footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
            alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
            selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
            rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style",
            htmlAttributes: new { id = "MyGrid" },
            mode: WebGridPagerModes.All,
            columns: grid.Columns(
                 grid.Column(header: "#",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: @<text>@(rowIndex++)</text>),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "FirstName", header: "First Name",
                             format: @<span style='font-weight: bold'>@item.FirstName</span>,
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "LastName", header: "Last Name"),
                 grid.Column(header: "Image",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: @<text><img alt="@item.Id" src="@Url.Content("~/images/" + @item.Id + ".jpg")" /></text>),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "AddDate", header: "Start",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 int ym = item.AddDate.Year;
                                 int mm = item.AddDate.Month;
                                 int dm = item.AddDate.Day;
                                 var persianCalendar = new PersianCalendar();
                                 int ys = persianCalendar.GetYear(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                                 int ms = persianCalendar.GetMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                                 int ds = persianCalendar.GetDayOfMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                                 return ys + "/" + ms.ToString("00") + "/" + ds.ToString("00");

                             }),
                 grid.Column(columnName: "Salary", header: "Salary",
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 salaryPageSum += item.Salary;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", item.Salary);
                             },
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
                 grid.Column(header: "Tax", canSort: true,
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 var tax = item.Salary * 0.2;
                                 taxPageSum += tax;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", tax);
                             }),
                 grid.Column(header: "Projects", columnName: "Projects",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 var subGrid = new WebGrid(
                                                        source: item.Projects,
                                                        canPage: false,
                                                        canSort: false
                                                        );
                                 return subGrid.GetHtml(
                                                        htmlAttributes: new { id = "MySubGrid" },
                                                        tableStyle: "webgrid",
                                                        headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
                                                        footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
                                                        alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
                                                        selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
                                                        rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style"
                                     );
                             }),
                 grid.Column(header: "",
                             style: "text-align-center-col",
                             format: item => @Html.ActionLink(linkText: "Edit", actionName: "Edit",
                                                              controllerName: "Home", routeValues: new { id = item.Id },
                                                              htmlAttributes: null)),
                 grid.Column(header: "",
                             format: @<form action="/Home/Delete/@item.Id" method="post"><input type="submit"
                                            onclick="return confirm('Do you want to delete this record?');"
                                            value="Delete"/></form>),
                 grid.Column(header: "", format: item => item.GetSelectLink("Select"))
                      )
                  )

    <strong>Page:</strong> @(grid.PageIndex + 1) / @grid.PageCount, 
    <strong>Records:</strong> @WebGridPageFirstItem(@grid) - @WebGridPageLastItem(@grid) of @grid.TotalRowCount

    @*
    @if (@grid.HasSelection)
    {
        @RenderPage("~/views/path/_partial_view.cshtml", new { Employee = grid.SelectedRow })
    }
    *@
</div>

@section script{
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $('#MyGrid tbody:first').append(
        '<tr class="total-row"><td></td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td>\
         <td><strong>Total:</strong></td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @salaryPageSum)</td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @taxPageSum)</td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>');
    });
</script>
}

@{ 
    var grid = new WebGrid(
        source: Model,
        canPage: true,
        rowsPerPage: 10,
        canSort: true,
        defaultSort: "FirstName"
    );
    var salaryPageSum = 0;
    var taxPageSum = 0;
    var rowIndex = ((grid.PageIndex + 1) * grid.RowsPerPage) - (grid.RowsPerPage - 1);
}

tableStyle: "webgrid",
headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style",
htmlAttributes: new { id = "MyGrid" },

<div id="container">
      <table class="webgrid" id="MyGrid">
        <thead>
          <tr class="webgrid-header">

/* Styles for WebGrid
-----------------------------------------------------------*/
.webgrid
{
 width: 100%;
 margin: 0px;
 padding: 0px;
 border: 0px;
 border-collapse: collapse;
 font-family: Tahoma;
 font-size: 9pt;
}

.webgrid a
{
 color: #000;
}

.webgrid-header
{
 padding: 0px 5px;
 text-align: center;
 border-bottom: 2px solid #739ace;
 height: 20px;
 border-top: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-header th
{
 background-color: #eaf0ff;
 border-right: 1px solid #ddd;
}

.webgrid-footer
{
 padding: 6px 5px;
 text-align: center;
 background-color: #e8eef4;
 border-top: 2px solid #3966A2;
 height: 25px;
 border-bottom: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-alternating-row
{
 height: 22px;
 background-color: #f2f2f2;
 border-bottom: 1px solid #d2d2d2;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-row-style
{
 height: 22px;
 border-bottom: 1px solid #d2d2d2;
 border-left: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
 border-right: 2px solid #D6E8FF;
}

.webgrid-selected-row
{
 font-weight: bold;
}

.text-align-center-col
{
 text-align: center;
}

.total-row
{
 background-color:#f9eef4;
}

[Flags]
public enum WebGridPagerModes
{
        Numeric = 1,
        //
        NextPrevious = 2,
        //
        FirstLast = 4,
        //
        All = 7,
}

grid.Column(columnName: "FirstName", header: "First Name",
                             format: @<span style='font-weight: bold'>@item.FirstName</span>,
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
grid.Column(columnName: "LastName", header: "Last Name"),

Func<dynamic, object> format

format: @<span style='font-weight: bold'>@item.FirstName</span>
or
format: item =>
                     {
                          salaryPageSum += item.Salary;
                           return string.Format("${0:n0}", item.Salary);
                      }

grid.Column(header: "#",
                 style: "text-align-center-col",
                 format: @<text>@(rowIndex++)</text>),

grid.Column(header: "Image",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                  format: @<text><img alt="@item.Id" src="@Url.Content("~/images/" + @item.Id + ".jpg")" /></text>),

grid.Column(columnName: "AddDate", header: "Start",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                  format: item =>
                  {
                       int ym = item.AddDate.Year;
                       int mm = item.AddDate.Month;
                       int dm = item.AddDate.Day;
                       var persianCalendar = new PersianCalendar();
                       int ys = persianCalendar.GetYear(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                       int ms = persianCalendar.GetMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                       int ds = persianCalendar.GetDayOfMonth(new DateTime(ym, mm, dm, new GregorianCalendar()));
                       return ys + "/" + ms.ToString("00") + "/" + ds.ToString("00");
                    }),

grid.Column(columnName: "Salary", header: "Salary",
                 format: item =>
                             {
                                 salaryPageSum += item.Salary;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", item.Salary);
                             },
                             style: "text-align-center-col"),
grid.Column(header: "Tax", canSort: true,
                             format: item =>
                             {
                                 var tax = item.Salary * 0.2;
                                 taxPageSum += tax;
                                 return string.Format("${0:n0}", tax);
                             }),

grid.Column(header: "Projects", columnName: "Projects",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                  format: item =>
                  {
                                 var subGrid = new WebGrid(
                                                        source: item.Projects,
                                                        canPage: false,
                                                        canSort: false
                                                        );
                                 return subGrid.GetHtml(
                                                        htmlAttributes: new { id = "MySubGrid" },
                                                        tableStyle: "webgrid",
                                                        headerStyle: "webgrid-header",
                                                        footerStyle: "webgrid-footer",
                                                        alternatingRowStyle: "webgrid-alternating-row",
                                                        selectedRowStyle: "webgrid-selected-row",
                                                        rowStyle: "webgrid-row-style"
                                     );
                       }),

grid.Column(header: "",
                  style: "text-align-center-col",
                   format: item => @Html.ActionLink(linkText: "Edit", actionName: "Edit",
                                                              controllerName: "Home", routeValues: new { id = item.Id },
                                                              htmlAttributes: null)),
grid.Column(header: "",
                  format: @<form action="/Home/Delete/@item.Id" method="post"><input type="submit"
                                            onclick="return confirm('Do you want to delete this record?');"
                                            value="Delete"/></form>),
grid.Column(header: "", format: item => item.GetSelectLink("Select"))

@if (@grid.HasSelection)
    {
        @RenderPage("~/views/path/_partial_view.cshtml", new { Employee = grid.SelectedRow })
    }

<strong>Page:</strong> @(grid.PageIndex + 1) / @grid.PageCount, 
    <strong>Records:</strong> @WebGridPageFirstItem(@grid) - @WebGridPageLastItem(@grid) of @grid.TotalRowCount

@section script{
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $('#MyGrid tbody:first').append(
        '<tr class="total-row"><td></td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td>\
         <td><strong>Total:</strong></td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @salaryPageSum)</td>\
         <td>@string.Format("${0:n0}", @taxPageSum)</td>\
         <td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>');
    });
</script>
}

<head>
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/Site.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.5.1.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    @RenderSection("script", required: false)
</head>

SELECT 
    *, CONCAT(first_name, '', last_name) AS full_name
FROM
    Users;

ALTER TABLE Users
ADD COLUMN full_name TEXT GENERATED ALWAYS 
AS (CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name))

SELECT data ->> "$.description.shortDescription" FROM productMetadata
WHERE id = 1;

CREATE INDEX idx_json_data ON productMetadata (id);

using System;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class Users
    {
        public IList<User> CreateInMemoryDataSource()
        {
            return new[]
            {
                new User { Id = 1, Name = "User1", Password = "123", IsAdmin = false, AddDate = DateTime.Now },
                new User { Id = 2, Name = "User2", Password = "456", IsAdmin = false, AddDate = DateTime.Now },
                new User { Id = 3, Name = "User3", Password = "789", IsAdmin = true, AddDate = DateTime.Now }
            };
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication7.Models;

namespace MvcApplication7.Controllers
{
    public class UserController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            var usersList = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource();
            return View(usersList); // Shows the Index view.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Details(int id)
        {
            var user = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
                return View("Error");
            return View(user); // Shows the Details view.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Create()
        {
            var user = new User { AddDate = DateTime.Now };
            return View(user); // Shows the Create view.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Create(User user)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // todo: Add record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(user); // Shows the Create view again.
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Edit(int id)
        {
            var user = new Users().CreateInMemoryDataSource().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (user == null)
                return View("Error");
            return View(user); // Shows the Edit view.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Edit(User user)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                // todo: Edit record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
            return View(user); // Shows the Edit view again.
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Delete(int id)
        {
            // todo: Delete record
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
    }
}

@Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.Id }

@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "Delete", controllerName: "User", routeValues: new { id = item.Id }))
{
    <input type="submit" value="Delete" 
              onclick="return confirm ('Do you want to delete this record?');" />
}

@Html.ValidationSummary(true)

ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "There is something wrong with model.");

@Html.EditorFor(model => model.AddDate)
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.AddDate)

public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Include = "Name, Password")] User user)

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit()
{
    var user = new User();
    if(TryUpdateModel(user, includeProperties: new[] { "Name", "Password" }))
    {                
                // todo: Edit record
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
     }
     return View(user); // Shows the Edit view again.
}

public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Exclude = "IsAdmin")] User user)

using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    [Bind(Exclude = "IsAdmin")]
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Name { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
        public DateTime AddDate { set; get; }

        [ReadOnly(true)]
        public bool IsAdmin { set; get; }
    }
}

public class MyViewModel
{
    public SomeDomainModel1 Model1 { get; set; }
    public SomeDomainModel2 Model2 { get; set; }
    ...
}

public class MyViewModel
{
    public string SomeExtraField1 { get; set; }
    public string SomeExtraField2 { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> StateSelectList { get; set; }
    // ...
    public string PersonFullName { set; set; }
}

namespace MvcApplication7.Models
{
    public class UserViewModel
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
        public string Password { set; get; }
    }
}

[HttpGet]
public ActionResult Upload()
{
       return View(); // Shows the upload page
}

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Upload(System.Web.HttpPostedFileBase file)
{
       string filename = Server.MapPath("~/files/somename.ext");
       file.SaveAs(filename);
       return RedirectToAction("Index");
}

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Upload";
}
<h2>
    Upload</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "Upload", controllerName: "User", 
                       method: FormMethod.Post,
                       htmlAttributes: new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
{
    <text>Upload a photo:</text> <input type="file" name="photo" />
    <input type="submit" value="Upload" />
}

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication7.Binders
{
    public class PersianDateModelBinder : IModelBinder
    {

        public object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
        {
            var valueResult = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(bindingContext.ModelName);
            var modelState = new ModelState { Value = valueResult };
            object actualValue = null;
            try
            {
                var parts = valueResult.AttemptedValue.Split('/'); //ex. 1391/1/19
                if (parts.Length != 3) return null;
                int year = int.Parse(parts[0]);
                int month = int.Parse(parts[1]);
                int day = int.Parse(parts[2]);
                actualValue = new DateTime(year, month, day, new PersianCalendar());
            }
            catch (FormatException e)
            {
                modelState.Errors.Add(e);
            }

            bindingContext.ModelState.Add(bindingContext.ModelName, modelState);
            return actualValue;
        }
    }
}

ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(DateTime), new PersianDateModelBinder());

public ActionResult Create([ModelBinder(typeof(PersianDateModelBinder))] User user)

[ModelBinder(typeof(PersianDateModelBinder))]
public class User
{