public class DocumentPrinter
{
  public void PrintDocument(string documentName)
  {
    var repository = new DocumentRepository();
    var formatter = new DocumentFormatter();         
    var printer = new Printer();              
    var document = repository                        
      .GetDocumentByName(documentName);               
    var formattedDocument = formatter.Format(document);    
    printer.Print(formattedDocument); 
  }
}

var documentPrinter = new DocumentPrinter();
documentPrinter.PrintDocument(@"c:\doc.doc");

public class DocumentPrinter
{
  private DocumentRepository _repository;
  private DocumentFormatter _formatter;       
  private Printer _printer;              
  public DocumentPrinter(             
    DocumentRepository repository,               
    DocumentFormatter formatter,      
    Printer printer)                  
  {                                   
    _repository = repository;         
    _formatter = formatter;           
    _printer = printer;               
  }
  public void PrintDocument(string documentName)
  {
    var document = _repository.GetDocumentByName(documentName);
    var formattedDocument = _formatter.Format(document);
    _printer.Print(formattedDocument);
  }
}

var repository = new DocumentRepository();
var formatter = new DocumentFormatter();
var printer = new Printer();
var documentPrinter = new DocumentPrinter(repository, formatter, printer);
documentPrinter.PrintDocument(@"c:\doc.doc");

public interface IDocumentRepository
{
  Document GetDocumentByName(string documentName);
}

public class DocumentPrinter
{
  private IDocumentRepository _repository;                        
  private IDocumentFormatter _formatter;                          
  private IPrinter _printer;                                      
  public DocumentPrinter(
    IDocumentRepository repository,
    IDocumentFormatter formatter,
    IPrinter printer)
  {
    _repository = repository;
    _formatter = formatter;
    _printer = printer;
  }
  public void PrintDocument(string documentName)
  {
    var document = _repository.GetDocumentByName(documentName);
    var formattedDocument = _formatter.Format(document);
    _printer.Print(formattedDocument);
  }
}

ObjectFactory.Configure(cfg =>
{
  cfg.For<IDocumentRepository>().Use<FilesystemDocumentRepository>();
  cfg.For<IDocumentFormatter>().Use<DocumentFormatter>();
  cfg.For<IPrinter>().Use<Printer>();
});

// The getDate() function returns a nested function which refers the 'date' variable defined
// by outer function getDate()
function getDate() {
   var date = new Date();    // This variable stays around even after function returns

   // nested function
   return function () {
      return date.getMilliseconds();
   }
}

// Once getDate() is executed the variable date should be out of scope and it is, but since
// the inner function
// referenes date, this value is available to the inner function.
var dt = getDate();

alert(dt());
alert(dt());

        function myNonClosure() {
            var date = new Date();
            return date.getMilliseconds();
        }

var MyDate = function () {
    var date = new Date();
    var getMilliSeconds = function () {
        return date.getMilliseconds();
    }
}

var dt = new MyDate();

alert(dt.getMilliSeconds());  // This will throw error as getMilliSeconds is not accessible.

// This is closure 
var MyDate = function () {
    var date = new Date();   // variable stays around even after function returns
    var getMilliSeconds = function () {
        return date.getMilliseconds();
    };
    return {
        getMs : getMilliSeconds
    }
}

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;



namespace CircularDependencies

{

    public enum AggregateFunc

    {

        Sum,

        Avg

    }



    public class AggregateFuncCalculator

    {

        public decimal Calculate(IList<decimal> list, AggregateFunc func)

        {

            switch (func)

            {

                case AggregateFunc.Sum:

                    return getSum(list);

                case AggregateFunc.Avg:

                    return getAvg(list);

                default:

                    return 0m;

            }

        }



        private decimal getAvg(IList<decimal> list)

        {

            if (list == null || !list.Any()) return 0;

            return list.Sum() / list.Count;

        }



        private decimal getSum(IList<decimal> list)

        {

            if (list == null || !list.Any()) return 0;

            return list.Sum();

        }

    }

}

public interface IAggregateFunc

{

     decimal Calculate(IList<decimal> list);

}

public class Sum : IAggregateFunc

{

        public decimal Calculate(IList<decimal> list)

        {

            if (list == null || !list.Any()) return 0;

            return list.Sum();

        }

}



public class Avg : IAggregateFunc

{

        public decimal Calculate(IList<decimal> list)

        {

            if (list == null || !list.Any()) return 0;

            return list.Sum() / list.Count;

        }

}

public class AggregateFuncCalculator

{

        public decimal Calculate(IList<decimal> list, IAggregateFunc func)

        {

            return func.Calculate(list);

        }

}

using System;

namespace FluentInt
{
 public class FluentApiTest
 { 
   private int _val;

   public FluentApiTest Number(int val)
   {
       _val = val;
       return this;
   }

   public FluentApiTest Abs()
   {
       _val = Math.Abs(_val);
       return this;
   }

   public bool IsEqualTo(int val)
   {
       return val == _val;
   }
 }
}

if (new FluentApiTest().Number(-10).Abs().IsEqualTo(10))
{
 Console.WriteLine("Abs(-10)==10");
}

if(new FluentApiTest().Abs().Number(-10).IsEqualTo(10)) ...
if (new FluentApiTest().Abs().IsEqualTo(10)) ...

using System;

namespace FluentInt
{
 public class FluentApiTest
 {
   public MathMethods<FluentApiTest> Number(int val)
   {
       return new MathMethods<FluentApiTest>(this, val);
   }
 }

 public class MathMethods<TParent>
 {
   private int _val;
   private readonly TParent _parent;

   public MathMethods(TParent parent, int val)
   {
       _val = val;
       _parent = parent;
   }

   public Restrictions<MathMethods<TParent>> Abs()
   {
       _val = Math.Abs(_val);
       return new Restrictions<MathMethods<TParent>>(this, _val);
   }
 }

 public class Restrictions<TParent>
 {
   private readonly int _val;
   private readonly TParent _parent;

   public Restrictions(TParent parent, int val)
   {
       _val = val;
       _parent = parent;
   }

   public bool IsEqualTo(int val)
   {
       return _val == val;
   }
 }
}

if (new FluentApiTest().Number(-10).Abs().IsEqualTo(10))
{
 Console.WriteLine("Abs(-10)==10");
}

using System;

namespace SLAsyncTest.Helper
{
   public interface IResult
   {
       void Execute();
       event EventHandler Completed;
   }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace SLAsyncTest.Helper
{
   public class ResultEnumerator
   {
       private readonly IEnumerator<IResult> _enumerator;

       public ResultEnumerator(IEnumerable<IResult> children)
       {
           _enumerator = children.GetEnumerator();
       }

       public void Enumerate()
       {
           childCompleted(null, EventArgs.Empty);
       }

       private void childCompleted(object sender, EventArgs args)
       {
           var previous = sender as IResult;

           if (previous != null)
               previous.Completed -= childCompleted;

           if (!_enumerator.MoveNext())
               return;

           var next = _enumerator.Current;
           next.Completed += childCompleted;
           next.Execute();
       }
   }
}

using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;
using System.Threading;

namespace SLAsyncTest.Web
{
   [ServiceContract(Namespace = "")]
   [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode
       = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
   public class TestService
   {
       [OperationContract]
       public int GetNumber(int number)
       {
           Thread.Sleep(2000);//Simulating a log running operation
           return number * 2;
       }
   }
}

using System;
using SLAsyncTest.Helper;

namespace SLAsyncTest.Model
{
   public class GetNumber : IResult
   {
       public int Result { set; get; }
       public bool HasError { set; get; }

       private int _num;
       public GetNumber(int num)
       {
           _num = num;
       }

       #region IResult Members
       public void Execute()
       {
           var srv = new TestServiceReference.TestServiceClient();
           srv.GetNumberCompleted += (sender, e) =>
           {
               if (e.Error == null)
                   Result = e.Result;
               else
                   HasError = true;

               Completed(this, EventArgs.Empty); //run the next IResult
           };
           srv.GetNumberAsync(_num);
       }

       public event EventHandler Completed;
       #endregion
   }
}

       private void doFetch(object obj)
       {
           new ResultEnumerator(executeAsyncOps()).Enumerate();
       }

       private IEnumerable<IResult> executeAsyncOps()
       {
           FinalResult = 0;
           IsBusy = true; //Show BusyIndicator

           //Sequential Async Operations
           var asyncOp1 = new GetNumber(10);
           yield return asyncOp1;

           //using the result of the previous step
           if(asyncOp1.HasError)
           {
               IsBusy = false; //Hide BusyIndicator
               yield break;
           }

           var asyncOp2 = new GetNumber(asyncOp1.Result);
           yield return asyncOp2;

           FinalResult = asyncOp2.Result; //Bind it to the UI

           IsBusy = false; //Hide BusyIndicator
       }

private int n1, n2;

private void FirstCall()
{
  Service.GetRandomNumber(10, SecondCall);
}

private void SecondCall(int number)
{
  n1 = number;
  Service.GetRandomNumber(n1, ThirdCall);
}

private void ThirdCall(int number)
{
  n2 = number;
  // etc
}

private void FetchNumbers()
{
 int n1 = Service.GetRandomNumber(10);
 int n2 = Service.GetRandomNumber(n1);
}

private void FetchNumbers()
{
  int n1, n2;

  Service.GetRandomNumber(10, result =>
                                  {
                                      n1 = result;
                                      Service.GetRandomNumber(n1, secondResult =>
                                                                      {
                                                                          n2 = secondResult;
                                                                      });
                                  });
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;

namespace CoroutinesSample
{
  class Program
  {
      static void printAll()
      {
          foreach (int x in integerList())
          {
              Console.WriteLine(x);
          }
      }

      static IEnumerable<int> integerList()
      {
          yield return 1;
          Thread.Sleep(1000);
          yield return 2;
          yield return 3;
      }

      static void Main()
      {
          printAll();
      }
  }
}

private bool MoveNext()
{
  switch (this.<>1__state)
  {
      case 0:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          this.<>2__current = 1;
          this.<>1__state = 1;
          return true;

      case 1:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          Thread.Sleep(0x3e8);
          this.<>2__current = 2;
          this.<>1__state = 2;
          return true;

      case 2:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          this.<>2__current = 3;
          this.<>1__state = 3;
          return true;

      case 3:
          this.<>1__state = -1;
          break;
  }
  return false;
}

//Person.cs
namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Person
   {
       public string Name { get; set; }
   }
}

//Car.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Car
   {
       List<Person> _passengers = new List<Person>();

       public void AddPassenger(Person p)
       {
           _passengers.Add(p);
           Console.WriteLine("{0} added!", p.Name);
       }

       public void Drive()
       {
           foreach (var passenger in _passengers)
               Console.WriteLine("Driving {0} ...!", passenger.Name);
       }
   }
}

//Driver.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Driver
   {
       private Car _myCar = new Car();

       public void DriveToMarket(IList<Person> passengers)
       {
           foreach (var passenger in passengers)
               _myCar.AddPassenger(passenger);

           _myCar.Drive();
       }
   }
}

//Program.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           new Driver().DriveToMarket(
               new List<Person>
               {
                   new Person{ Name="Ali" },
                   new Person{ Name="Vahid" }
               });

           Console.WriteLine("Press a key ...");
           Console.ReadKey();
       }
   }
}

//ICar.cs
using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   interface ICar
   {
       void AddPassenger(Person p);
       void Drive();
   }
}

//Car.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Car : ICar
   {
       //همانند قسمت قبل
   }
}

//Van.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Van : ICar
   {
       List<Person> _passengers = new List<Person>();

       public void AddPassenger(Person p)
       {
           _passengers.Add(p);
           Console.WriteLine("{0} added!", p.Name);
       }

       public void Drive()
       {
           foreach (var passenger in _passengers)
               Console.WriteLine("Driving {0} ...!", passenger.Name);
       }
   }
}

//Driver.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Driver
   {
       private ICar _myCar;

       public Driver(ICar myCar)
       {
           _myCar = myCar;
       }

       public void DriveToMarket(IList<Person> passengers)
       {
           foreach (var passenger in passengers)
               _myCar.AddPassenger(passenger);

           _myCar.Drive();
       }
   }
}

//Program.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;

namespace DependencyInjectionForDummies
{
   class Program
   {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
           Driver driver = new Driver(new Van());
           driver.DriveToMarket(
               new List<Person>
               {
                   new Person{ Name="Ali" },
                   new Person{ Name="Vahid" }
               });

           Console.WriteLine("Press a key ...");
           Console.ReadKey();
       }
   }
}

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class Kid
  {
      private int _age;
      private string _name;

      public Kid(int age, string name)
      {
          _age = age;
          _name = name;
      }

      public override string ToString()
      {
          return "KID's Age: " + _age + ", Kid's Name: " + _name;
      }
  }
}

using System;

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class Parent
  {
      private int _age;
      private string _name;
      private Kid _obj;

      public Parent(int personAge, string personName, int kidsAge, string kidsName)
      {
          _obj = new Kid(kidsAge, kidsName);
          _age = personAge;
          _name = personName;
      }

      public override string ToString()
      {
          Console.WriteLine(_obj);
          return "ParentAge: " + _age + ", ParentName: " + _name;
      }
  }
}

using System;

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class Program
  {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
          Parent p = new Parent(35, "Dev", 6, "Len");
          Console.WriteLine(p);

          Console.ReadKey();
          Console.WriteLine("Press a key...");
      }
  }
}

KID's Age: 6, Kid's Name: Len
ParentAge: 35, ParentName: Dev

//IBuisnessLogic.cs
namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  public interface IBuisnessLogic
  {
  }
}

//Kid.cs
namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class Kid : IBuisnessLogic
  {
      private int _age;
      private string _name;

      public Kid(int age, string name)
      {
          _age = age;
          _name = name;
      }

      public override string ToString()
      {
          return "KID's Age: " + _age + ", Kid's Name: " + _name;
      }
  }
}

//Parent.cs
using System;

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class Parent
  {
      private int _age;
      private string _name;
      private IBuisnessLogic _refKids;

      public Parent(int personAge, string personName, IBuisnessLogic obj)
      {          
          _age = personAge;
          _name = personName;
          _refKids = obj;
      }

      public override string ToString()
      {
          Console.WriteLine(_refKids);
          return "ParentAge: " + _age + ", ParentName: " + _name;
      }
  }
}

//CIOC.cs
using System;

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class CIOC
  {
      Parent _p;

      public void FactoryMethod()
      {
          IBuisnessLogic objKid = new Kid(12, "Ren");
          _p = new Parent(42, "David", objKid);
      }

      public override string ToString()
      {
          Console.WriteLine(_p);          
          return "Displaying using Constructor Injection";
      }
  }
}

//Program.cs
using System;

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class Program
  {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
          CIOC obj = new CIOC();
          obj.FactoryMethod();
          Console.WriteLine(obj);

          Console.ReadKey();
          Console.WriteLine("Press a key...");
      }
  }
}

//Parent.cs
using System;

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class Parent
  {
      private int _age;
      private string _name;

      public Parent(int personAge, string personName)
      {          
          _age = personAge;
          _name = personName;
      }

      public IBuisnessLogic RefKID {set; get;}

      public override string ToString()
      {
          Console.WriteLine(RefKID);
          return "ParentAge: " + _age + ", ParentName: " + _name;
      }
  }
}

//CIOC.cs
using System;

namespace IOCBeginnerGuide
{
  class CIOC
  {
      Parent _p;

      public void FactoryMethod()
      {
          IBuisnessLogic objKid = new Kid(12, "Ren");
          _p = new Parent(42, "David");
          _p.RefKID = objKid;
      }

      public override string ToString()
      {
          Console.WriteLine(_p);          
          return "Displaying using Setter Injection";
      }
  }
}