public class Rectangle
{
   public double Width;
   public double Height;
 
   public double Area()
   {
      return Width*Height;
   }
 
   public double Perimeter()
   {
      return 2*(Width + Height);
   }
}

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();

Rectangle rectangle;

Rectangle rectangle1 = new Rectangle();
Rectangle rectangle2 = rectangle1;

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
rectangle.Width = 10.5;
rectangle.Height = 10;
double a = rectangle.Area();

// public field (Generally not recommended.)
public double Width;

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
rectangle.Width = 10.5;

public class Rectangle
{
   public double Width = 5;
   // ...
}

public class Rectangle
{
   // ...
 
   public double Area()
   {
      return Width*Height;
   }
 
   public double Perimeter()
   {
      return 2*(Width + Height);
   }
}

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
rectangle.Width = 10.5;
rectangle.Height = 10;
double p = rectangle.Perimeter();

public class SimpleMath
{
   public int AddTwoNumbers(int number1, int number2)
   {
      return number1 + number2;
   }
}

SimpleMath obj = new SimpleMath();

Console.WriteLine(obj.AddTwoNumbers(1, 2));

int result = obj.AddTwoNumbers(1, 2);
Console.WriteLine(result);

 PM> Install-Package structuremap

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public interface IUsersService
    {
        string GetUserEmail(int userId);
    }
}


namespace DI03.Services
{
    public interface IEmailsService
    {
        void SendEmailToUser(int userId, string subject, string body);
    }
}

using System;

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public class UsersService : IUsersService
    {
        public UsersService()
        {
            //هدف صرفا نمایش وهله سازی خودکار این وابستگی است
            Console.WriteLine("UsersService ctor.");
        }

        public string GetUserEmail(int userId)
        {
            //برای مثال دریافت از بانک اطلاعاتی و بازگشت یک نمونه جهت آزمایش برنامه
            return "name@site.com";
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public class EmailsService: IEmailsService
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        public EmailsService(IUsersService usersService)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("EmailsService ctor.");
            _usersService = usersService;
        }

        public void SendEmailToUser(int userId, string subject, string body)
        {
            var email = _usersService.GetUserEmail(userId);
            Console.WriteLine("SendEmailTo({0})", email);
        }
    }
}

using DI03.Services;
using StructureMap;

namespace DI03
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // تنظیمات اولیه برنامه که فقط یکبار باید در طول عمر برنامه انجام شود
            ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
            {
                x.For<IEmailsService>().Use<EmailsService>();
                x.For<IUsersService>().Use<UsersService>();
            });

            //نمونه‌ای از نحوه استفاده از تزریق وابستگی‌های خودکار
            var emailsService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IEmailsService>();
            emailsService.SendEmailToUser(userId: 1, subject: "Test", body: "Hello!");
        }
    }
}

UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)

using System;

namespace DI03.Services
{
    public class UsersService : IUsersService
    {
        private int _i;
        public UsersService()
        {
            //هدف صرفا نمایش وهله سازی خودکار این وابستگی است
            Console.WriteLine("UsersService ctor.");
        }

        public string GetUserEmail(int userId)
        {
            _i++;
            Console.WriteLine("i:{0}", _i);
            //برای مثال دریافت از بانک اطلاعاتی و بازگشت یک نمونه جهت آزمایش برنامه
            return "name@site.com";
        }
    }
}

 //نمونه‌ای از نحوه استفاده از تزریق وابستگی‌های خودکار
var emailsService1 = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IEmailsService>();
emailsService1.SendEmailToUser(userId: 1, subject: "Test1", body: "Hello!");

var emailsService2 = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IEmailsService>();
emailsService2.SendEmailToUser(userId: 1, subject: "Test2", body: "Hello!");

 UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
i:1
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)
UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
i:1
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)

// تنظیمات اولیه برنامه که فقط یکبار باید در طول عمر برنامه انجام شود
ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
{
   x.For<IEmailsService>().Use<EmailsService>();
   x.For<IUsersService>().Singleton().Use<UsersService>();
});

 UsersService ctor.
EmailsService ctor.
i:1
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)
EmailsService ctor.
i:2
SendEmailTo(name@site.com)

 Singleton()
HttpContextScoped()
HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped()

protected void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)  
{  
  ObjectFactory.ReleaseAndDisposeAllHttpScopedObjects();  
}

 // تنظیمات اولیه برنامه که فقط یکبار باید در طول عمر برنامه انجام شود
ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
{
   //x.For<IEmailsService>().Use<EmailsService>();
   //x.For<IUsersService>().Singleton().Use<UsersService>();  
   x.Scan(scan =>
   {
       scan.AssemblyContainingType<IEmailsService>();
       scan.WithDefaultConventions();
   });  
});

class Tweet {
 state = {};
 
 render() {
 } 
}

> npm install -g npm@latest

> npm i -g create-react-app

> npm i -g typescript eslint tslint eslint-plugin-react-hooks

> create-react-app sample-01

> cd sample-01
> npm start

  "files.exclude": {
    "**/.git": true,
    "**/.svn": true,
    "**/.hg": true,
    "**/CVS": true,
    "**/.DS_Store": true,
    "**/node_modules": true,
    "**/wwwroot": true,
    "**/bower_components": true,
    "**/**/bin": true,
    "**/**/obj": true,
    "**/packages": true
  },

  <body>
    <noscript>You need to enable JavaScript to run this app.</noscript>
    <div id="root"></div>

  return (
    <div className="App">
      <header className="App-header">
       ... 
      </header>
    </div>
  );

const element = <h1>Hello World!</h1>;

"use strict";

var element = React.createElement("h1", null, "Hello World!");

import React from "react";

const element = <h1>Hello World!</h1>;
console.log(element);

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

const element = <h1>Hello World!</h1>;
console.log(element);

ReactDOM.render(element, document.getElementById("root"));

{
  "name": "sample-01",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "react": "^16.11.0",
    "react-dom": "^16.11.0",
    "react-scripts": "3.2.0"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts start",
    "build": "react-scripts build",
    "test": "react-scripts test",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  },
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": "react-app"
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
      ">0.2%",
      "not dead",
      "not op_mini all"
    ],
    "development": [
      "last 1 chrome version",
      "last 1 firefox version",
      "last 1 safari version"
    ]
  }
}

CREATE DATABASE [BloggingCore2016]
GO

USE [BloggingCore2016]
GO

CREATE TABLE [Blog] (
    [BlogId] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
    [Url] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Blog] PRIMARY KEY ([BlogId])
);
GO

CREATE TABLE [Post] (
    [PostId] int NOT NULL IDENTITY,
    [BlogId] int NOT NULL,
    [Content] nvarchar(max),
    [Title] nvarchar(max),
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Post] PRIMARY KEY ([PostId]),
    CONSTRAINT [FK_Post_Blog_BlogId] FOREIGN KEY ([BlogId]) REFERENCES [Blog] ([BlogId]) ON DELETE CASCADE
);
GO

INSERT INTO [Blog] (Url) VALUES 
('https://www.dntips.ir/'), 
('http://blogs.msdn.com/dotnet'), 
('http://blogs.msdn.com/webdev'), 
('http://blogs.msdn.com/visualstudio')
GO

 dotnet ef dbcontext scaffold "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=BloggingCore2016;Integrated Security = true" Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer -o Entities --context MyDBDataContext --verbose

    public partial class MyDBDataContext : DbContext
    {
        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=BloggingCore2016;Integrated Security = true");
        }

 Usage: dotnet ef dbcontext scaffold [arguments] [options]
Arguments:
  [connection]  The connection string of the database
  [provider] The provider to use. For example, Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer
Options:
  -a|--data-annotations   Use DataAnnotation attributes to configure the model where possible. If omitted, the output code will use only the fluent API.
  -c|--context <name> Name of the generated DbContext class.
  -f|--force Force scaffolding to overwrite existing files. Otherwise, the code will only proceed if no output files would be overwritten.
  -o|--output-dir <path> Directory of the project where the classes should be output. If omitted, the top-level project directory is used.
  --schema <schema> Selects a schema for which to generate classes.
  -t|--table <schema.table> Selects a table for which to generate classes.
  -e|--environment <environment>  The environment to use. If omitted, "Development" is used.
  -h|--help   Show help information
  -v|--verbose   Enable verbose output

 dotnet ef dbcontext scaffold "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=BloggingCore2016;Integrated Security = true" Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer -o Entities --context MyDBDataContext --verbose --force --data-annotations

dotnet ef migrations add InitialDatabase

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;

namespace Core1RtmEmptyTest.DataLayer.Migrations
{
    public partial class InitialDatabase : Migration
    {
        protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
        }

        protected override void Down(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
        {
        }
    }
}
 

dotnet ef database update

dotnet ef migrations add v2
dotnet ef database update

Here are some of the reasons why nullable reference types are less than ideal:

• Invoking a member on a null value will issue a System.NullReferenceException exception, and every invocation that results in a System.NullReferenceException in production code is a bug. Unfortunately, however, with nullable reference types we “fall in” to doing the wrong thing rather than the right thing. The “fall in” action is to invoke a reference type without checking for null.
• There’s an inconsistency between reference types and value types (following the introduction of Nullable<T>) in that value types are nullable when decorated with  “?” (for example, int? number); otherwise, they default to non-nullable. In contrast, reference types are nullable by default. This is “normal” to those of us who have been programming in C# for a long time, but if we could do it all over, we’d want the default for reference types to be non-nullable and the addition of a “?” to be an explicit way to allow nulls.
• It’s not possible to run static flow analysis to check all paths regarding whether a value will be null before dereferencing it, or not. Consider, for example, if there were unmanaged code invocations, multi-threading, or null assignment/­replacement based on runtime conditions. (Not to mention whether analysis would include checking of all library APIs that are invoked.)
• There’s no reasonable syntax to indicate that a reference type value of null is invalid for a particular declaration.
• There’s no way to decorate parameters to not allow null. 

@import '~@angular/material/theming';
@include mat-core();
$my-app-primary: mat-palette($mat-teal);
$my-app-accent: mat-palette($mat-amber, 500, A100, A400);
$my-app-warn: mat-palette($mat-deep-orange);

$my-app-theme: mat-light-theme($my-app-primary, $my-app-accent, $my-app-warn);

@include angular-material-theme($my-app-theme);

/*تعریف تم اضافی در کنار تم اصلی*/
$alternate-primary: mat-palette($mat-light-blue);
$alternate-accent: mat-palette($mat-yellow, 500);
$alternate-warn: mat-palette($mat-red, 500);
$alternate-theme: mat-dark-theme($alternate-primary, $alternate-accent);
.alternate-theme {
  @include angular-material-theme($alternate-theme);
}

<md-card>
  <md-card-header>
    <md-card-title>تم اصلی</md-card-title>
  </md-card-header>
  <button md-raised-button color="primary">
    Primary
  </button>
  <button md-raised-button color="accent">
    Accent
  </button>
  <button md-raised-button color="warn">
    Warning
  </button>
</md-card>

<div>
  <md-card>
    <md-card-header>
      <md-card-title>تم اضافی</md-card-title>
    </md-card-header>
    <md-card-content>
      <button md-raised-button color="primary">
        Primary
      </button>
      <button md-raised-button color="accent">
        Accent
      </button>
      <button md-raised-button color="warn">
        Warning
      </button>
    </md-card-content>
  </md-card>
</div>

mat-autocomplete-theme
mat-button-theme
mat-button-toggle-theme
mat-card-theme
mat-checkbox-theme
mat-chips-theme
mat-datepicker-theme
mat-dialog-theme
mat-grid-list-theme
mat-icon-theme
mat-input-theme
mat-list-theme
mat-menu-theme
mat-progress-bar-theme
mat-progress-spinner-theme
mat-radio-theme
mat-select-theme
mat-sidenav-theme
mat-slide-toggle-theme
mat-slider-theme
mat-tabs-theme
mat-toolbar-theme
mat-tooltip-theme

@import '~@angular/material/theming';
@include mat-core();
$my-app-primary: mat-palette($mat-teal);
$my-app-accent: mat-palette($mat-amber, 500, A100, A400);
$my-app-warn: mat-palette($mat-deep-orange);
$my-app-theme: mat-light-theme($my-app-primary, $my-app-accent, $my-app-warn);
@include mat-material-theme($my-app-theme);

/* تعریف تم برای دکمه */
$button-primary: mat-palette($mat-light-blue);
$button-accent: mat-palette($mat-yellow, 500);
$button-warn: mat-palette($mat-red, 500);
$button-theme: mat-light-theme($button-primary, $button-accent);
@include mat-button-theme($button-theme);

@import '~@angular/material/theming';
@include mat-core();

/* تعریف تم برای دکمه */
$button-primary: mat-palette($mat-light-blue);
$button-accent: mat-palette($mat-yellow, 500);
$button-warn: mat-palette($mat-red, 500);
$button-theme: mat-ligth-theme($button-primary, $button-accent);
@include mat-button-theme($button-theme);

$my-app-primary: mat-palette($mat-teal);
$my-app-accent: mat-palette($mat-amber, 500, A100, A400);
$my-app-warn: mat-palette($mat-deep-orange);
$my-app-theme: mat-light-theme($my-app-primary, $my-app-accent, $my-app-warn);
@include mat-material-theme($my-app-theme);

تعویض تم از طریق کد

فرض کنید یک تم پیش فرض و یک تم اضافی به نام alternate-theme دارید. برای تعویض تم از طریق کد کافی است کلاس المنت پدر در صفحه html خود را از طریق [ngClass] با نام تم، مقدار دهی کنید. کدهای داخل app.component.ts را به شکل زیر تغییر می‌دهیم. 

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
  themes = [
    {value: 'alternate-theme', text: 'تم مشکی'},
    {value: '', text: 'تم سفید'},
  ];
  activeTheme = '';
}

آرایه‌ای جهت نمایش در کامپوننت md-select با دو مقدار تم پیش فرض و تم با نام 'alternate-theme تعریف می‌کنیم. همچنین متغیری با نام activeTheme را تعریف می‌کنیم. این متغیر در هر لحظه نام تم اعمال شده را در خود نگهداری می‌کند. مقدار اولیه این متغیر تم اصلی است.

کامپوننت md-select را به شکل زیر به فایل app.component.html به تگ main اضافه می‌کنیم. 

using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using StructureMap;

namespace DI05.Core
{
    /// <summary>
    /// تسهیل در کار تزریق خودکار وابستگی‌ها در سطح فرم‌ها و یوزرکنترل‌ها
    /// </summary>
    public class StructureMapModule : IHttpModule
    {
        public void Dispose()
        { }

        public void Init(HttpApplication app)
        {
            app.PreRequestHandlerExecute += (sender, e) =>
            {
                var page = HttpContext.Current.Handler as Page; // The Page handler
                if (page == null)
                    return;

                WireUpThePage(page);
                WireUpAllUserControls(page);
            };
        }

        private static void WireUpAllUserControls(Page page)
        {
            // در اینجا هم کار سیم کشی یوزر کنترل‌ها انجام می‌شود
            page.InitComplete += (initSender, evt) =>
            {
                var thisPage = (Page)initSender;
                foreach (Control ctrl in getControlTree(thisPage))
                {
                    // فقط یوزر کنترل‌ها بررسی شدند
                    // اگر نیاز است سایر کنترل‌های قرار گرفته روی فرم هم بررسی شوند شرط را حذف کنید
                    if (ctrl is UserControl)
                    {
                        ObjectFactory.BuildUp(ctrl);
                    }
                }
            };
        }

        private static void WireUpThePage(Page page)
        {
            ObjectFactory.BuildUp(page); // برقراری خودکار سیم کشی‌ها در سطح صفحات
        }

        private static IEnumerable getControlTree(Control root)
        {
            foreach (Control child in root.Controls)
            {
                yield return child;
                foreach (Control ctrl in getControlTree(child))
                {
                    yield return ctrl;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />

    <httpModules>
      <add name="StructureMapModule" type="DI05.Core.StructureMapModule"/>
    </httpModules>
  </system.web>

  <system.webServer>    
    <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true">
      <add name="StructureMapModule" type="DI05.Core.StructureMapModule"/>
    </modules>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

namespace DI05.Services
{
    public interface IUsersService
    {
        string GetUserEmail(int id);
    }
}


namespace DI05.Services
{
    public class UsersService: IUsersService
    {
        public string GetUserEmail(int id)
        {
            //فقط جهت بررسی تزریق وابستگی‌ها
            return "test@test.com";
        }
    }
}

using System;
using StructureMap;
using DI05.Services;

namespace DI05
{
    public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
    {
        private static void initStructureMap()
        {
            ObjectFactory.Initialize(x =>
            {
                x.For<IUsersService>().Use<UsersService>();

                x.SetAllProperties(y =>
                {
                    y.OfType<IUsersService>();
                });
            });
        }

        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            initStructureMap();
        }

        void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ObjectFactory.ReleaseAndDisposeAllHttpScopedObjects();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using DI05.Services;

namespace DI05
{
    public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        public IUsersService UsersService { set; get; }

        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            lblEmail1.Text = string.Format("From Default Page: {0}", UsersService.GetUserEmail(1));
        }
    }
}

PM> Install-Package structuremap.web