PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR

using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;
using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs;

namespace SignalR02
{
    [HubName("chat")]
    public class ChatHub : Hub
    {
        public void SendMessage(string message)
        {
            Clients.All.hello(message);
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace SignalR02
{
    public class Global : HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Register the default hubs route: ~/signalr
            RouteTable.Routes.MapHubs();
        }
    }
}

 http://localhost/signalr/hubs

  proxies.chat = this.createHubProxy('chat');

 Web socket -> SSE -> Forever frame -> long polling

 C: cursor
M: Messages
H: Hub name
M: Method name
A: Method args
T: Time out
D: Disconnect

using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR;
using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs;

namespace SignalR02
{
    [HubName("chat")]
    public class ChatHub : Hub
    {
        public void SendMessage(string message)
        {
            var msg = string.Format("{0}:{1}", Context.ConnectionId, message);
            Clients.All.hello(msg);
        }
    }
}

 //این دو عبارت هر دو یکی هستند
Clients.Caller.hello(msg);
Clients.Client(Context.ConnectionId).hello(msg);

 Clients.Others.hello(msg);

        public void JoinRoom(string room)
        {
            this.Groups.Add(Context.ConnectionId, room);
        }

        public void SendMessageToRoom(string room, string msg)
        {
            this.Clients.Group(room).hello(msg);
        }

    public abstract class Hub : IHub, IDisposable
    {
        protected Hub();
        public HubConnectionContext Clients { get; set; }
        public HubCallerContext Context { get; set; }
        public IGroupManager Groups { get; set; }

        public void Dispose();
        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing);
        public virtual Task OnConnected();
        public virtual Task OnDisconnected();
        public virtual Task OnReconnected();
    }

        public override System.Threading.Tasks.Task OnDisconnected()
        {
            sendMonitorData("OnDisconnected", Context.ConnectionId);
            return base.OnDisconnected();
        }

        private void sendMonitorData(string type, string connection)
        {
            var ctx = GlobalHost.ConnectionManager.GetHubContext<MonitorHub>();
            ctx.Clients.All.newEvenet(type, connection);
        }

  fetchProducts(categoryId?: number) {
    console.log(categoryId);

    this.products = [];

    if (categoryId === undefined || categoryId.toString() === "undefined") {
      return;
    }

> npm install ng2-toasty --save

 npm ERR! Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, rename

"styles": [
    "../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css",
    "../node_modules/ng2-toasty/bundles/style-bootstrap.css",
    "styles.css"
],

import { ToastyModule } from "ng2-toasty";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    ToastyModule.forRoot(),

 <ng2-toasty [position]="'top-right'"></ng2-toasty>

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";

export class ProductGroupComponent implements OnInit {

  constructor(
    private productItemsService: ProductItemsService,
    private toastyService: ToastyService) { }

  fetchProducts(categoryId?: number) {
    console.log(categoryId);

    this.products = [];

    if (categoryId === undefined || categoryId.toString() === "undefined") {
      this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
        title: "Error!",
        msg: "Please select a category.",
        theme: "bootstrap",
        showClose: true,
        timeout: 5000
      });
      return;
    }

    this.productItemsService.getCategories().subscribe(
      data => {
        this.categories = data;
      },
      err => console.log("get error: ", err)
    );

> ng g cl app.error-handler

 installing class
  create src\app\app.error-handler.ts

import { ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  handleError(error: any): void {
    console.log("Error:", error);
  }
}

import { NgModule, ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";
import { AppErrorHandler } from "./app.error-handler";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    { provide: ErrorHandler, useClass: AppErrorHandler }
  ]

[HttpGet("[action]/{categoryId:int}")]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetProducts(int categoryId)
{
   throw new Exception();

    this.productItemsService.getProducts(categoryId).subscribe(
      data => {
        this.products = data;
        this.isLoadingProducts = false;
      }// ,
      // err => {
      //   console.log("get error: ", err);
      //   this.isLoadingProducts = false;
      // }
    );

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";
import { ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(private toastyService: ToastyService) {
  }

  handleError(error: any): void {
    // console.log("Error:", error);
    this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
      title: "Error!",
      msg: "Fatal error!",
      theme: "bootstrap",
      showClose: true,
      timeout: 5000
    });
  }
}

 Uncaught Error: Can't resolve all parameters for AppErrorHandler: (?).

import { ErrorHandler, Inject } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(
    @Inject(ToastyService) private toastyService: ToastyService
  ) {
  }

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";
import { ErrorHandler, Inject, NgZone } from "@angular/core";
import { LocationStrategy, PathLocationStrategy } from "@angular/common";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(
    @Inject(NgZone) private ngZone: NgZone,
    @Inject(ToastyService) private toastyService: ToastyService,
    @Inject(LocationStrategy) private locationProvider: LocationStrategy
  ) {
  }

  handleError(error: any): void {
    // console.log("Error:", error);

    const url = this.locationProvider instanceof PathLocationStrategy ? this.locationProvider.path() : "";
    const message = error.message ? error.message : error.toString();
    this.ngZone.run(() => {
      this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
        title: "Error!",
        msg: `URL:${url} \n ERROR:${message}`,
        theme: "bootstrap",
        showClose: true,
        timeout: 5000
      });
    });

    // IMPORTANT: Rethrow the error otherwise it gets swallowed
    // throw error;
  }
}

>npm install
>ng build --watch

>dotnet restore
>dotnet watch run

    [Flags]
public enum MiniDumpType
{
    MiniDumpNormal = 0x00000000,
    MiniDumpWithDataSegs = 0x00000001,
    MiniDumpWithFullMemory = 0x00000002,
    MiniDumpWithHandleData = 0x00000004,
    MiniDumpFilterMemory = 0x00000008,
    MiniDumpScanMemory = 0x00000010,
    MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules = 0x00000020,
    MiniDumpWithIndirectlyReferencedMemory = 0x00000040,
    MiniDumpFilterModulePaths = 0x00000080,
    MiniDumpWithProcessThreadData = 0x00000100,
    MiniDumpWithPrivateReadWriteMemory = 0x00000200,
    MiniDumpWithoutOptionalData = 0x00000400,
    MiniDumpWithFullMemoryInfo = 0x00000800,
    MiniDumpWithThreadInfo = 0x00001000,
    MiniDumpWithCodeSegs = 0x00002000,
    MiniDumpWithoutManagedState = 0x00004000
}

public static class NativeMethods
{
    [DllImport("Dbghelp.dll")]
    public static extern bool MiniDumpWriteDump(
        IntPtr hProcess,
        int processId,
        IntPtr hFile,
        MiniDumpType dumpType,
        IntPtr exceptionParam,
        IntPtr userStreamParam,
        IntPtr callbackParam);
}

public static class DebugInfo
{
    public static void CreateMiniDump(
        string dumpFileName, MiniDumpType dumpType = MiniDumpType.MiniDumpNormal)
    {
        using (var stream = File.Create(dumpFileName))
        {
            var process = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
            // It is safe to call DangerousGetHandle() here because the process is already crashing.
            NativeMethods.MiniDumpWriteDump(
                            process.Handle,
                            process.Id,
                            stream.SafeFileHandle.DangerousGetHandle(),
                            dumpType,
                            IntPtr.Zero,
                            IntPtr.Zero,
                            IntPtr.Zero);
        }
    }
 
    public static void CreateMiniDump(MiniDumpType dumpType = MiniDumpType.MiniDumpNormal)
    {
        const string dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss-fffZ"; // Example: 2010-09-02-09-50-43-341Z
        var thisAssembly = Assembly.GetEntryAssembly() ?? Assembly.GetCallingAssembly();
        var dumpFileName = string.Format(@"{0}-MiniDump-{1}.dmp",
                    thisAssembly.GetName().Name,
                    DateTime.UtcNow.ToString(dateFormat, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
 
        var path = Path.Combine(getApplicationPath(), dumpFileName);
        CreateMiniDump(path, dumpType);
    }
 
    private static string getApplicationPath()
    {
        return HttpContext.Current != null ?
            HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath :
            Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            var zero = 0;
            Console.WriteLine(1 / zero);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.Write(ex);
            DebugInfo.CreateMiniDump(dumpType:
                                MiniDumpType.MiniDumpNormal |
                                MiniDumpType.MiniDumpWithPrivateReadWriteMemory |
                                MiniDumpType.MiniDumpWithDataSegs |
                                MiniDumpType.MiniDumpWithHandleData |
                                MiniDumpType.MiniDumpWithFullMemoryInfo |
                                MiniDumpType.MiniDumpWithThreadInfo |
                                MiniDumpType.MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules);
 
            throw;
        }
    }
}

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Entities
{
    public class Member
    {
       // ...

        public virtual ICollection<Member> Children { get; set; }
        public virtual Member Recommender { set; get; }
        public int? RecommendedBy { set; get; }

       // ...
    }
}

var id = 27;
var entity27WithAllOfItsParents =
                        context.Members
                            .Where(member => member.MemId == id
                                            || member.Children.Any(m => member.MemId == m.RecommendedBy))
                            .ToList() //It's a MUST - get all children from the database
                            .FirstOrDefault(x => x.MemId == id);// then get the root of the tree

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Exercises.RecursiveQueries
{
    public static class RecursiveUtils
    {
        public static void FindParents(Member member, List<dynamic> actualResult)
        {
            if (member == null || member.Recommender == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            var item = member.Recommender;
            actualResult.Add(new { Recommender = item.MemId, item.FirstName, item.Surname });

            if (item.Recommender != null)
            {
                FindParents(item, actualResult);
            }
        }
    }
}

var actualResult = new List<dynamic>();
RecursiveUtils.FindParents(entity27WithAllOfItsParents, actualResult);

var id = 1;
var entity1WithAllOfItsDescendants =
                        context.Members
                            .Include(member => member.Children)
                            .Where(member => member.MemId == id
                                            || member.Children.Any(m => member.MemId == m.RecommendedBy))
                            .ToList() //It's a MUST - get all children from the database
                            .FirstOrDefault(x => x.MemId == id);// then get the root of the tree

SELECT   [m].[MemId],
         [m].[Address],
         [m].[FirstName],
         [m].[JoinDate],
         [m].[RecommendedBy],
         [m].[Surname],
         [m].[Telephone],
         [m].[ZipCode],
         [m0].[MemId],
         [m0].[Address],
         [m0].[FirstName],
         [m0].[JoinDate],
         [m0].[RecommendedBy],
         [m0].[Surname],
         [m0].[Telephone],
         [m0].[ZipCode]
FROM     [Members] AS [m]
         LEFT OUTER JOIN
         [Members] AS [m0]
         ON [m].[MemId] = [m0].[RecommendedBy]
WHERE    ([m].[MemId] = 1)
         OR EXISTS (SELECT 1
                    FROM   [Members] AS [m1]
                    WHERE  ([m].[MemId] = [m1].[RecommendedBy])
                           AND ([m].[MemId] = [m1].[RecommendedBy]))
ORDER BY [m].[MemId], [m0].[MemId];

namespace EFCorePgExercises.Exercises.RecursiveQueries
{
    public static class RecursiveUtils
    {
        public static void FindChildren(Member member, List<dynamic> actualResult)
        {
            if (member == null)
            {
                return;
            }

            foreach (var item in member.Children)
            {
                actualResult.Add(new { item.MemId, item.FirstName, item.Surname });
                if (item.Children != null)
                {
                    FindChildren(item, actualResult);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

var actualResult = new List<dynamic>();
RecursiveUtils.FindChildren(entity1WithAllOfItsDescendants, actualResult);

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Razor">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <AddRazorSupportForMvc>true</AddRazorSupportForMvc>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <FrameworkReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

@using BlazorClassLibrary
@using BlazorClassLibrary.Shared

@namespace BlazorClassLibrary.Pages

<link rel="stylesheet" href="_content/BlazorClassLibrary/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" />
<link href="_content/BlazorClassLibrary/css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\BlazorClassLibrary\BlazorClassLibrary.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\BlazorClassLibrary\BlazorClassLibrary.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.WindowsForms" Version="6.0.101-preview.11.2349" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

namespace WinFormsApp;

partial class Form1
{
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
      this.blazorWebView1 = new Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.WindowsForms.BlazorWebView();

      this.SuspendLayout();

      this.blazorWebView1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom) 
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left) 
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
      this.blazorWebView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(13, 181);
      this.blazorWebView1.Name = "blazorWebView1";
      this.blazorWebView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(775, 257);
      this.blazorWebView1.TabIndex = 20;
      this.Controls.Add(this.blazorWebView1);

      this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
      this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
      this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(800, 450);
      this.Text = "Form1";

      this.ResumeLayout(false);
    }

     private Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.WindowsForms.BlazorWebView blazorWebView1;
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Razor">

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.WindowsForms" Version="6.0.101-preview.11.2349" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\BlazorClassLibrary\BlazorClassLibrary.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  
  <ItemGroup>
    <Content Update="wwwroot\**">
      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
    </Content>
  </ItemGroup>
  
</Project>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
    <title>Blazor WinForms app</title>
    <base href="/" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" />
    <link href="css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="css/app.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    <link href="WinFormsApp.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app"></div>

    <div id="blazor-error-ui">
        An unhandled error has occurred.
        <a href="">Reload</a>
        <a>🗙</a>
    </div>

    <script src="_framework/blazor.webview.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Web;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.WindowsForms;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using BlazorServerApp.Data;
using BlazorClassLibrary;

namespace WinFormsApp;

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private readonly AppState _appState = new();

    public Form1()
    {
        var serviceCollection = new ServiceCollection();
        serviceCollection.AddBlazorWebView();
        serviceCollection.AddSingleton<AppState>(_appState);
        serviceCollection.AddSingleton<WeatherForecastService>();

        InitializeComponent();

        blazorWebView1.HostPage = @"wwwroot\index.html";
        blazorWebView1.Services = serviceCollection.BuildServiceProvider();
        blazorWebView1.RootComponents.Add<App>("#app");

        //blazorWebView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
    }
}

System.IO.FileNotFoundException: The system cannot find the file specified. (0x80070002)

serviceCollection.AddSingleton<AppState>(_appState);

 namespace BlazorServerApp.Data;

public class AppState
{
   public int Counter { get; set; }
}

builder.Services.AddSingleton<AppState>();

@inject BlazorServerApp.Data.AppState AppState

// ...


@code {

    private void IncrementCount()
    {
       // ...
       AppState.Counter++;
    }
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
   MessageBox.Show(
     owner: this,
     text: $"Current counter value is: {_appState.Counter}",
     caption: "Counter");
}

    <link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.0.3.min.js"></script> 
    <script src="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

 $(document).ready(function () {
        $('#favsite').editable();
    });

 $(document).ready(function () {
        $.fn.editable.defaults.mode = 'inline';
        $('#favsite').editable();
    });

  <a href="#" id="favsite" >dotnettips.info</a>

  $.fn.editable.defaults.mode = 'inline';
    $(document).ready(function () {
        $('#favsite').editable({
            type: 'text',
            pk: 1,
            url: '@Url.Action(MVC.Categories.EditCategory())',
            title: 'Enter your favorite site'
        });
    });