using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;

namespace EFGeneral
{
    public class User
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }
    }

    public class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<MyContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;
        }

        protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
        {            
            for (int i = 0; i < 21000; i++)
            {
                context.Users.Add(new User { Name = "name " + i });
                if (i % 1000 == 0)
                    context.SaveChanges();
            }
            base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

    public class PerformanceHelper
    {
        public static string RunActionMeasurePerformance(Action action)
        {
            GC.Collect();
            long initMemUsage = Process.GetCurrentProcess().WorkingSet64;

            var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
            stopwatch.Start();

            action();

            stopwatch.Stop();

            var currentMemUsage = Process.GetCurrentProcess().WorkingSet64;
            var memUsage = currentMemUsage - initMemUsage;
            if (memUsage < 0) memUsage = 0;

            return string.Format("Elapsed time: {0}, Memory Usage: {1:N2} KB", stopwatch.Elapsed, memUsage / 1024);
        }
    }

    public static class Test
    {
        public static void RunTests()
        {
            Database.SetInitializer(new MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion<MyContext, Configuration>());
            StartDb();            

            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\nRun {0}", i + 1);

                var memUsage = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => LoadWithTracking());
                Console.WriteLine("LoadWithTracking:\n{0}", memUsage);

                memUsage = PerformanceHelper.RunActionMeasurePerformance(() => LoadWithoutTracking());
                Console.WriteLine("LoadWithoutTracking:\n{0}", memUsage);
            }
        }

        private static void StartDb()
        {
            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var user = ctx.Users.Find(1);
                if (user != null)
                {
                    // keep the object in memory
                }
            }
        }

        private static void LoadWithTracking()
        {
            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var list = ctx.Users.ToList();
                if (list.Any())
                {
                    // keep the list in memory
                }
            }
        }

        private static void LoadWithoutTracking()
        {
            using (var ctx = new MyContext())
            {
                var list = ctx.Users.AsNoTracking().ToList();
                if (list.Any())
                {
                    // keep the list in memory
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

DatabaseSeeder = uow =>
{
     var news = uow.Set<News>();

public class User
{
     public int Id { set; get; }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;

namespace FastReflectionTests
{
    /// <summary>
    /// کلاسی برای اندازه گیری زمان اجرای عملیات
    /// </summary>
    public class Benchmark : IDisposable
    {
        Stopwatch _watch;
        string _name;

        public static Benchmark Start(string name)
        {
            return new Benchmark(name);
        }

        private Benchmark(string name)
        {
            _name = name;
            _watch = new Stopwatch();
            _watch.Start();
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _watch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine("{0} Total seconds: {1}"
                               , _name, _watch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds);
        }
    }

    public class User
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }
    }

    class Program
    {
        public static Func<object, object> GetFastGetterFunc(string propertyName, Type ownerType)
        {
            var propertyInfo = ownerType.GetProperty(propertyName, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);

            if (propertyInfo == null)
                return null;
            
            var getter = ownerType.GetMethod("get_" + propertyInfo.Name,
                                             BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy);
            if (getter == null)
                return null;

            var dynamicGetterMethod = new DynamicMethod(
                                                name: "_",
                                                returnType: typeof(object),
                                                parameterTypes: new[] { typeof(object) },
                                                owner: propertyInfo.DeclaringType,
                                                skipVisibility: true);
            var il = dynamicGetterMethod.GetILGenerator();

            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // Load input to stack
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, propertyInfo.DeclaringType); // Cast to source type
            // نکته مهم در اینجا فراخوانی نهایی متد گت بدون استفاده از ریفلکشن است
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getter); //calls its get method

            if (propertyInfo.PropertyType.IsValueType)
                il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, propertyInfo.PropertyType);//box

            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

            return (Func<object, object>)dynamicGetterMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<object, object>));
        }


        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //تهیه لیستی از داده‌ها جهت آزمایش
            var list = new List<User>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
            {
                list.Add(new User { Id = i });
            }

            // دسترسی به اطلاعات لیست به صورت متداول از طریق ریفلکشن معمولی
            var idProperty = typeof(User).GetProperty("Id");
            using (Benchmark.Start("Normal reflection"))
            {
                foreach (var item in list)
                {
                    var id = idProperty.GetValue(item, null);
                }
            }

            // دسترسی از طریق روش سریع دستیابی به اطلاعات خواص
            var fastIdProperty = GetFastGetterFunc("Id", typeof(User));
            using (Benchmark.Start("Fast Property"))
            {
                foreach (var item in list)
                {
                    var id = fastIdProperty(item);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

 Normal reflection Total seconds: 2.0054177
Fast Property Total seconds: 0.0552056

public class SomeClass
{
  public string Tech {set; get;}
}

چرا مسیریابی نشانه ای

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "ProductPage",
    url: "{productId}/{productTitle}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Products", action = "Show" },
    constraints: new { productId = "\\d+" }
);

[Route("{productId:int}/{productTitle}")]
public ActionResult Show(int productId) { ... }

فعال سازی Attribute Routing

public class RouteConfig
{
    public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
    {
        routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
 
        routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
    }
}

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
    routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
 
    routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
 
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Default",
        url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
    );
}

پارامترهای اختیاری URI و مقادیر پیش فرض

public class BooksController : Controller
{
    // eg: /books
    // eg: /books/1430210079
    [Route("books/{isbn?}")]
    public ActionResult View(string isbn)
    {
        if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(isbn))
        {
            return View("OneBook", GetBook(isbn));
        }
        return View("AllBooks", GetBooks());
    }
 
    // eg: /books/lang
    // eg: /books/lang/en
    // eg: /books/lang/he
    [Route("books/lang/{lang=en}")]
    public ActionResult ViewByLanguage(string lang)
    {
        return View("OneBook", GetBooksByLanguage(lang));
    }
}

پیشوند مسیرها (Route Prefixes)

public class ReviewsController : Controller
{
    // eg: /reviews
    [Route("reviews")]
    public ActionResult Index() { ... }
    // eg: /reviews/5
    [Route("reviews/{reviewId}")]
    public ActionResult Show(int reviewId) { ... }
    // eg: /reviews/5/edit
    [Route("reviews/{reviewId}/edit")]
    public ActionResult Edit(int reviewId) { ... }
}

[RoutePrefix("reviews")]
public class ReviewsController : Controller
{
    // eg.: /reviews
    [Route]
    public ActionResult Index() { ... }
    // eg.: /reviews/5
    [Route("{reviewId}")]
    public ActionResult Show(int reviewId) { ... }
    // eg.: /reviews/5/edit
    [Route("{reviewId}/edit")]
    public ActionResult Edit(int reviewId) { ... }
}

[RoutePrefix("reviews")]
public class ReviewsController : Controller
{
    // eg.: /spotlight-review
    [Route("~/spotlight-review")]
    public ActionResult ShowSpotlight() { ... }
 
    ...
}

مسیر پیش فرض

[RoutePrefix("promotions")]
[Route("{action=index}")]
public class ReviewsController : Controller
{
    // eg.: /promotions
    public ActionResult Index() { ... }
 
    // eg.: /promotions/archive
    public ActionResult Archive() { ... }
 
    // eg.: /promotions/new
    public ActionResult New() { ... }
 
    // eg.: /promotions/edit/5
    [Route("edit/{promoId:int}")]
    public ActionResult Edit(int promoId) { ... }
}

محدودیت‌های مسیر ها

// eg: /users/5
[Route("users/{id:int}"]
public ActionResult GetUserById(int id) { ... }
 
// eg: users/ken
[Route("users/{name}"]
public ActionResult GetUserByName(string name) { ... }

    public class Book
    {
        public int Code { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Category { get; set; }        
    }

    public class NoteBook
    {
        public int Code { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }        
    }

public class Book
    {
        public int Code { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Category { get; set; }

        public static explicit operator NoteBook( Book book )
        {
            return new NoteBook()
            {
                Code = book.Code,
                Title = book.Title
            };
        }
    }

static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            Book book = new Book() 
            {
                Code = 1,
                Title = "Book1",
                Category = "Default"
            };

            NoteBook noteBook = new NoteBook();

            noteBook = (NoteBook)book;//Correct  
        }

public class Book
    {
        public int Code { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public string Category { get; set; }

        public static implicit operator NoteBook( Book book )
        {
            return new NoteBook()
            {
                Code = book.Code,
                Title = book.Title
            };
        }
    }

static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            Book book = new Book() 
            {
                Code = 1,
                Title = "Book1",
                Category = "Default"
            };

            NoteBook noteBook = new NoteBook();

            noteBook = book;//Correct  
        }

public class IdentityUser<TKey> where TKey : IEquatable<TKey>
{
    [ProtectedPersonalData]
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }

    [ProtectedPersonalData]
    public virtual string Email { get; set; }

services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>(options =>
{
   options.Stores.ProtectPersonalData = true;
   // ...
})

private class PersonalDataConverter : ValueConverter<string, string>
{
  public PersonalDataConverter(IPersonalDataProtector protector) :
      base(s => protector.Protect(s), s => protector.Unprotect(s), default)
      { }
}

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            var encryptPersonalData = storeOptions?.ProtectPersonalData ?? false;

            builder.Entity<TUser>(b =>
            {
                if (encryptPersonalData)
                {
                    converter = new PersonalDataConverter(this.GetService<IPersonalDataProtector>());
                    var personalDataProps = typeof(TUser).GetProperties().Where(
                                    prop => Attribute.IsDefined(prop, typeof(ProtectedPersonalDataAttribute)));
                    foreach (var p in personalDataProps)
                    {
                        if (p.PropertyType != typeof(string))
                        {
                            throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.CanOnlyProtectStrings);
                        }
                        b.Property(typeof(string), p.Name).HasConversion(converter);
                    }
                }
// ...

public interface IPersonalDataProtector
{
   string Protect(string data);
   string Unprotect(string data);
}

if (Options.Stores.ProtectPersonalData)
 {
     if (!(Store is IProtectedUserStore<TUser>))
     {
         throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.StoreNotIProtectedUserStore);
     }
     if (services.GetService<ILookupProtector>() == null)
     {
         throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.NoPersonalDataProtector);
     }
 }

 public class UserStore<TUser, TRole, TContext, TKey, TUserClaim, TUserRole, TUserLogin, TUserToken, TRoleClaim> : ...

public virtual async Task UpdateNormalizedUserNameAsync(TUser user)
{
    var normalizedName = NormalizeName(await GetUserNameAsync(user));
    normalizedName = ProtectPersonalData(normalizedName);
    await Store.SetNormalizedUserNameAsync(user, normalizedName, CancellationToken);
}